广东省深圳市中考英语总复习 第十三章 从句讲义

1、第十三章 从 句宾语从句定语从句状语从句其他常见考点一、宾语从句1.引导词(1)陈述句变宾语从句：that(2)一般疑问句变宾语从句： if / whether（ or not）(3)特殊疑问句变宾语从句：用原来的特殊疑问词 如：what，who，where，which，how，how many一、宾语从句2. 从句用陈述句语序 如：He asked Jane if she had got the parcel. 注意：疑问词在宾语从句中作主语时语序不变。 如：She asked who wanted to be on TV. She asked me what the matter was

2、with me. She asks me what happened to me. She asks me which the way is to the post office. 一、宾语从句3. 时态主句从句一般现在时从句的时态根据该句的意思而定一般过去时一般过去时：was / were 或动词过去式过去进行时：was / were+动词-ing过去将来时：would+动词原形过去完成时：had+动词过去分词一、宾语从句注意：条件 / 时间状语从句宾语从句if如果，假如是否when当的时候什么时候if / when 从句的时态一般现在时一般将来时一、宾语从句4. 其他常见考点(1)“Cou

3、ld you tell me ?”是用于征询对方意见，并不表示过去，所以此时宾语从句的时态可根据具体语境而定。 如：Could you please tell me where the post office is? (2)如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象等，无论主句时态是什么，从句都要用一般现在时。 如：Tom told me New York is the largest city in America. 二、定语从句 定语从句是用于修饰限定名词或代词的从句。1.关系代词作主语(1)关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，往往用who，that或which 引导定语从句。 先行词指人时,用who

4、 或that引导； 先行词（被修饰词）指“物”时，用 that 或 which引导。(2)关系代词作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要与先行词在人称和数上保持一致。二、定语从句2. 关系代词作宾语(1)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，往往用 who，that 或 which 引导定语从句。 先行词指人时，用who (whom) 或that引导；先行词指物时，用 that 或which 引导定语从句。(2)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，还可以省略关系词，但是关系代词作主语时，不能省略。二、定语从句3. 关系代词前面有介词时用“介词+which”或“介词 + whom”结构。 如：Tom likes th

5、e girl with whom you went to school yesterday. My mother loves the car in which she goes to work every day. 三、状语从句一、时间状语从句1.引导词when，while，as，before，after，as soon as，until，since如：Mozart started writing music when he was four years old. He visited a lot of places while he was travelling.He left the cl

6、assroom after he had finished his homework. 一、时间状语从句2. 一般情况下主句是将来时，从句用一般现在时。 如：I will tell him as soon as he comes back tomorrow. I will not leave the classroom until my teacher checks my homework.3. 同义替换：not until / not before 和 after 如：I will not go to bed until my mother comes back. =I will not g

7、o to bed before my mother comes back. =I will go to bed after my mother comes back. 二、条件状语从句1. 引导词：if,unless2. if not与unless及or的同义句转换。3. 主句为将来时或一般现在时，从句用一般现在时代替。 如：If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go fishing. = Unless it rains tomorrow, we will go fishing. Be quick, or well be late for school. =

8、If we arent quick, well be late for school. 三、原因状语从句1. 引导词：because，since，as，for2. 对because引导的原因状语提问要用why。3. because 不能与so连用。4. because，since，as和for的区别： because 从句所表示的是对方不知道的直接的原因，因此在回答以why引导的特殊疑问句时只可用because，而as和since 引导的从句却不可； as和since从句所表示的往往是对方已知的原因；for往往用于附加理由证明。三、原因状语从句4. because，since，as和for的区

9、别如：I didnt go to school yesterday because I was ill.Since everybody is here, lets begin our meeting.As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late.I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her. 四、目的状语从句1.引导词：so that，in order that / in order to do2.从句中常用情态动词 （can，could）。如：Ill ru

10、n slowly so that / in order that you can catch up with me. I opened the window so that / in order that fresh air might come in.五、结果状语从句1. 引导词：so that，such that2. so与such的区别在于so后面接形容词，such后面接名词，固定搭配如下：（1）so + 形容词 + a / an + 单数名词（2）such + a / an+形容词 + 单数名词（3）so + many /much / few / little + 形容词 + 名词（4

11、）such+形容词+不可数名词 / 复数可数名词如：so young a boy = such a young boy such interesting books 五、结果状语从句3. “so+adj./ adv.+that”与“too+adj./ adv.+to do sth.”和“adj./ adv.+enough to”之间转换。如：He is so careless a boy that he cant look after his pet alone.= He is such a careless boy that he cant look after his pet alone.

12、= The boy is so careless that he cant look after his pet alone.= The boy is too careless to look after his pet alone.= The boy is not careful enough to look after his pet alone.六、比较状语从句1. 引导词：as as，not as / so as，than2. not as / so as与than的同义句替换。3. as as和 not as / so as的中间用形容词或副词的原形。七、让步状语从句1. 引导词：though，even though，although，no mater + 疑问词2. although，though不能与but连用。如：Sam did quite well in the exa