初中定语从句2

1、（一）定语从句的概念定语从句： 一个简洁句跟在一名词或代词后（先行词）进行修饰限定,就叫做定语从句；在主句中充当定语成分；被修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句不同于单词作定语的情形,它通常只能放在被修饰的词（即先行词）之后；定语 从句由关系词（关系代词、关系副词）引导,关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首；因此,Handsome boy = the boy who is handsomeBeautiful flower = the flower which is beautiful被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词 ,引导定语从句的词叫关系词 ；关系词可分为 关系代词 （who, whom, whose, wh

2、ich, that 和关系副词 when, where, why 关系词都充当从句的某个成分,它所替代的相应成分应省去；在定语从句中,当 who, which, that 作主语时,谓语的单复数应与先行词保持一样；关系词常有 3 个作用：引导定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中担当一个成分；定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句；非限制性定语从句与先行词的关 系不如限制性定语从句与先行词的关系紧密,没有它,主句的意思也清晰, 因此用逗号隔开；关系词在非限制性定语从句中的用法与在限制性定语从句中的用法基本一样；（二）关系代词用法关系代词指示对作用例句象That人/物主（宾）The stude

3、nt that answered the question was John.回答疑题的同学是约翰；The book （that） you lent me was interesting. 你借给我 的那本书很好玩；Which物主（宾）Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩都喜爱的嬉戏.This is the pen which he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天 刚买的钢笔 .Who人主（宾）A doctor is a person who looks after peoples health.The

4、 man（who）you met just now is my friend.Whom人（宾）The man（whom）you met just now is my friend. 你刚刚见到的那个人就是我的伴侣.Mr. Ling is just the boy （whom）I want to see. 凌先生恰Whose人.物定巧就是我想见的那个男孩.He has a friend whose father is a doctor.Please pass me the book whose of which cover is green.留意一 ：1）介词后面的关系词不能省略；2）that

5、前不能有介词 ；3） whom 在定语从句中只指人,做宾语,可用词提前时,只用 whom 例如：who 或 that 代替,也可以省略但后边的介Do you know the man whom/who/that the teacher is talking to. = Do you know the man to whom the teacher is talking. She is the person whom/who/that you should turn to for help. = She is the person to whom you should turn for help

6、 4 Whose 用来指人或物,只用作定语 1 They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙；2 Please pass me the book whose cover =of which the cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书；5 先行词有以下词修饰时只能用 词+as；as 引导定语从句 , 如：as.as；so.as；such.as；the same+ 名You can buy as many books as you want in this bookstore.

7、 as 作 want 的宾语 Such computers as are used in our office are made in South Korea.as 作定语从句的主语 This jewel is the same one as I showed you the other day. as 作 showed 的直接宾语 This jewel is the same one that I showed you the other day.that 作 showed 的直接宾语）请留意 “the same +名词 + as”与“the same +名词 + that的区分；1 She

8、 wore the same dress that she wore at Maryedding. s w她穿着她在 MARY 婚礼上穿过的一条裙子；2 She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子；留意：定语从句 such as 与结果状语从句such that的区分： as 在所引导的定语从句中作主语,宾语； that 在结果状语从句中不做成分留意二：that 和 which 虽然都能指物,但是在某些情形下,只能用 that 指物而不用 which1） 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时,例如：This is t

9、he most interesting movie that I have ever seen. （作宾语可省略）This is the most beautiful park that we have visited. 2）先行词被 the very,the only the same, the last 等修饰时, 例如：This is the very book that Im looking for.（作宾语,可省略）The only thing that she could do was to wait patiently. （作宾语,可省略）3）先行词被序数词修饰时,例如：The

10、first thing that we do in the morning is to clean the classroom.（作宾语,可省略）This is the third largest city that was founded in the 1980s. （作主语）4）当先行词是 anything, everything, nothing something 除外 , few, all, none, little, some 等 代词时,或者是由 every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much ,each 等修饰时 . Have you

11、taken down everything that Mr. Li has said. There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world. All that can be done has been done. There is little that I can do for you. 5）当先行词前面有 who, which 等疑问代词时 Who is the man that is standing there. Which is the T-shirt that fits me most. 6 当先

12、行词既有人,也有动物或者物体时 Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned. 7）先行词是主句的表语或关系代词在从句中作表语,例如：He is not the boy that he used to be. China is no longer the country that it used to be. 8 当在 there be 句型中,通常情形下用 that,不用 which留意三：宜用 which 而不用 that 的情形 1. 在非限制性定语从句中；Bamboo is hollow, whic

13、h makes it light. 2. 在关系词前有介词时；This is the room in which Chairman Mao once lived. 3. 当先行词本身是 that 时；The clock is that which can tell us the time. （三）关系副词的用法关系副词指示对象作用例句When时间状语Ill never forget the days when I worked together with youThe time when we got together finally came.Where地点状语This is the mou

14、ntain village where I stayed last year.The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled downShanghai is the city where I was born.Why缘由状语Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.关系副词（在句中作状语）关系副词 = 介词 +关系代词why=for which （先行词一般是 reason）

15、Where=in/ at/ on/ . which 介词同先行词搭配 When=during/ on/ in/ . which 介词同先行词搭配 某些在从句中充当时间,地点或缘由状语的when ,where 和 why 互换；where = in/at + which 介词 +关系词 结构可以同关系副词when=in/on/at/during + which why = for which whose=of which/whom+the+物/人=the+物/人+of which/whom例如：1. This is the house in which I lived two years ago

16、. 这是我两年前住过的房子；=This is the house where I lived two years ago. 2. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club 天吗？ 仍记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一=Do you remember the day when you joined our club ？3. This is the reason why he came late. =This is the reason for which he came late. 留意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如： loo

17、k for, look after, take care of等This is the watch which/that I am looking for. This is the watch for which I am looking. 2. 如介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不行用 who 或者 that；指物时用 which,不能用 that；关系代词是全部格时用whose1 The man with whom you talked is my friend. The man with that you talked is my friend. 2 The plane i

18、n which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. 3. “ 介词 +关系代词 ” 前可有 some, any, none, both, all, neither, most,each, few 等代词或者数词1 He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. 2 In the basket there are quite many apples, som

19、e of which have gone bad. 3 There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. 4. the way 为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that 引导,而且通常可以省略；The way in which/ that/ 省略 he answered the question was surprising.（四）非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系不如限制性定语从句与先行词的关系紧密,没有它,主句的意思也清晰,因此用逗号隔开；留意：1.主句间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立Her house, which was built a hundred years ago