2013考研英语二全真模拟试卷5模拟题

1、启用前2012 年入学管理类专业学位联考英语（二）试卷 5考生注意事项：1. 考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则。2. 答题前，考生应按准考证上的有关内容填写答题卡上的“考生”、“报考”、“考生”等信息。3.必须按要求填涂或书写在指定的答题卡上。(1)问题求解、条件充分性判断、逻辑推理的填涂在答题卡 1上。填涂部分应该按照答题卡上的要求用 2B 铅笔完成。如需改动，必须用橡皮擦干净。(2)写作部分必须用蓝黑色字迹钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔在答题卡 2 上做答。字迹要清楚。4.结束，将试题，答题卡 1 和答题卡 2 一并装入试题袋回。Section I Use of EnglishDirections: R

2、ead the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered bl and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 pos)Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by youngpeople) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence.Theorie

3、s 1 on the individual suggestt children engage in criminal behavior 2 theywere not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds ort they have learned criminalbehavior through 3 with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggestt children commit crimes in 4 to their failure to rise above t

4、heir socioeconomic sus, 5 as a rejection of middle-class values.Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantagedfamis, 6 the factt children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter maycommit crimes 7 lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however,

5、are tenive andare 8 to criticism.Changeshe sol structure may indirectly 9 juvenile crime rates. For exle,changeshe economyt 10 to fewer job opportunities for yound risingunemployment 11 make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resultingdiscontent may in 12 lead more youthso crim

6、inal behavior.Famis have also 13 changes these years. More famis consist of one parenthouseholds or two working parents; 14 , children are likely to have lesperviathome 15 was commonhe traditional family 16 . This lack of parental superviis thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other 1

7、7 causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased 18 of drugs and alcohol, and the growing 19 of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 20 a direct causal relationship has not yetbeen

8、 established.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.A) actingA)beforeB) relyingB) unlessB) assimilationB) replyB) but ratherB) ignoringB) inB) resistantB) reduceC) centeringC) untilC) cooperationC) referenceC) butC) highlightingC) forC) sensitiveC) checkD) commenting D)D) consulionD) responseD) or elseD) discardingD) wi

9、thD) subjectD) reflectA)eractionA) returnA) orA) consideringA) onA) immuneA) affect210.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.A) poA) in generalA) caseA) survivedA) contrarilyB) leadB) oB) shortB) noticedC) comeC) by contrastC) turnC) undertakenC) similarlyC) whichC) conceptC) negligibleC) allocationD) amoun

10、tageD)engthD) essenceD) experienceD) simultaneouslyD) asD) heritagD) incrediblD) availabilityD) popularityB) consequentlyA)nB)tA) systemA) assessableA) expenseA) incidenceA) providedB) structureB) identifiableB) restrictionB) awarenessB) sinceC) exureC) althoughD) supingSectioReading ComprehensiPart

11、 ADirections: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1(40 pos)Text 1Ask most people how they define the American Dream and chanare theyll say,“Sucs.” The dream of individual opportunity has been home in Am

12、erican since Europeansdiscovered a “new world”he Western Hemisphere. Early immigrants like Hector St. Jeande Crevecoeur praised highly the freedom and opportunity to be foundhis new land. Hisglowing descriptions of a classless society where anyone could attain sucs through honestyand hard work fired

13、 the imaginations of many European readers: in Letters from an AmericanFarmer (1782) he wrote.“We are all excited at the spirit of an industry which is unfettered(-.-#7) and unrestrained, because eachworks for himself . We have no prin,forwhom we toil (o/01)1starve, and bleed: we are the most perfec

14、t society now existing he world.” The promise of a land where “the rewards of a mans industry follow with equalsteps the progress of his labor” drew poor immigrants from Europe and fueled nationalexpanAmerican suco the western territories.Our national mythology (23) is full of illustration thes stor

15、y. TheresBenjamin Frlin, the very mof the self-educated, self-made man, who rose frommodest origins to become a well-known scientist, philosopher, and s esman.he nineteenth century,Horatio Alger, a writer of fiction for young boys, became Americans best-selling author withrags-to-riches tales. The n

16、otion of sucs haunts us: we spend million every year reading3about the rich and famous, learning how to “make a fortune in real ese with no moneydown,” and “dressing for sucs.” The myth of sucs has even invaded ouralrelationships: today its as important to be “succome out on top in business.sful”arr

17、iage or parenthoods as it is toBut dreams easily turno nightmares. Every American who hopes to “make it” alsoknows the fear oilure, because the myth of sucs inevitably imps comparison betnthe haves and the have-nots, the stars and the anonymous crowd. Undrere of the myth,we become indulged in sus sy

18、mbols: we try to livehe “right” neighborhoods, wear the“right” clothes, eat the “right” foods. These symbols of distinction are us and otherst webeve stronglyhe fundamental equality of all, yet strive as hard as we can to separateourselves from our fellow citizens.21.What is the essence of the Ameri

19、can Dream according to Crevecoeur?A) People are free to develop theirer of imagination.B) People who are honest and work hard can succeed.People are free from exploiion and oppresPeople can fully enjoy individual freedom.22.By saying “the rewards of a mans industry follow with equal steps the progre

20、ss of his labor” (Line 10, Para. 1), the author means .the more diligent one is, the bigger his returnslaborious work ensures the growth of an industrya mans business should be developed step by stepD) a companycs depends on its employees hard work23.The characters described in Horatio Algers novels

21、 are people who .succeed in real ese investmentearned enormous fortunes by chanbecame wealthy after starting life very poorbecame famous despite their modest origins24.It can be inferred from the lastence of the second paragrapht .A) businescs often contributes to a sucsful marriageB) Americans wish

22、 to succeed in every aspect of lifegoodsucal relationships lead to businescssful business people provide good care for their children25.What is the paradox of American culture according to the author?A) The American road to sucs is full of nightmares.B) Sus symbols are not a real indicator ofrsons w

23、ealth.C) The American Dream is nothing but an empty dream.4D) What Americans strive after often contradicts their befs.Text 2The use of deferential (457) language is symbolic of the Confun ideal of the woman,which dominates conservative gender norms in Japan. This ideal presents a woman who withdraw

24、s quietly to the background, subordinating her life and needs to those of her familyand its male head. She is a dutiful daughter, wife, and mother, master of the domestic arts. Thetypical refined Japawoman excelsodesty and delicacy; she “treads softly(6789)he world,” elevating feminine beauty and gr

25、ace to an art form.Nowadays, it is commonly observedt young women are not conforming to thefemininelinguistic (V77) ideal. They are using fewer of the very deferential “womens”forms, andeven using the few strong formsconsiderable attention and has led to an ot are know as “mens.” This, of course, at

26、tractsryhe Japamedia against the defeminizationof womenslanguage., we didnt hear about “mens language” until peopegan torespond to girls appropriation of forms normallyfor boys and men. There isconsiderable sentiment about the “corruption” of womens languagewhich of course isviewed as part of the lo

27、ss of feminine ideals and moralityand this sentiment is crystallizedby nationwide opinion pollst are regularly carried out by the media.Yoshiko Matsumoto has arguedt young women probably never used as many of thehighly deferential forms as older women. This highly polite style is no doubt somethingt

28、young women have been expected to “growo”after all, it is a sign not simply offemininity, but of maturity and refinement, and its use could be taken to indicate a change inthe nature of ones sol relations as well. One might well imagine little girls usingexceedingly polite forms when playing house o

29、r imiing older womenin a fashion ogous to little girls use of a high-pitched voice to do “teacher talk” or “mother talk” inrole play.The factt young Japawomen are using less deferential language is a sure sign ofchangeof sol change and of linguistic change. But it is most certainly not a sign of the

30、“masculization” of girls. In some instanclaim to authority as boys and men, but, it may be a signt girls are making the samet is very different from sayingt they are tryingto be “masculine.” Katsue Reynolds has arguedt girls nowadays are using more assertivelanguage strategies in order to be able to

31、 compete with boys in schools and out. Sol changealso brings not simply differentitions for women and girls, but different relations to lifestages, and adolescent girls are participating in new subcultural forms. Thus what may, to an older speaker, seem like “masculine” speeay seem to an adolescent

32、like “liberated” or“hip” speech.526.Theparagraph describes in detail .A) the standards set for contemporary JapawomenB) the Confun influence on gender norms in JapanC) the stereotyped role of women in JapafamisD) the norms for traditional Japa27.What change has been observedwomen to followodays youn

33、g Japawomen?They pay less attention to their linguistic behavior.They use fewer of the deferential linguistic forms.They confuse male and female forms of language.D) They employ very strong linguistic express.28.How do some people react to womens appropriation of mens language forms asreportedhe Jap

34、amedia?They call for aThe see it as an expresn to stop the defeminization.of womens sentiment.They accept it as a modern trend.They express strong disapproval.29.According to Yoshiko Matsumoto, the linguistic behavior observed women .odays youngA) may lead to changes in sol relationshas been true of

35、 all past generationsis viewed as a sign of their maturityis a result of rasol progress30.The author beves.t the use of assertive language by young Japawomen isA) a sure sign of their defeminization and maturationB) an indication of their defiance against sol changeone of their strategies to compete

36、 in a male-dominated societyan inevitable trend of linguistic development in Japan todayText 3end using humor in your talk to make people sIf you, you must know how toidentify shared experien should help to show themare in sympathy with their poand problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audien

37、ce andt you are one of them ort you understand their situation andof view. Depending on whom you are addressing, theproblems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the6disanized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you

38、may want to comment on their disanizedses.Here is an exle, which I heard at a nurses convention, of a story which works wellbecause the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, s

39、unny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line forch, the new arrival iddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to thehead of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a taby himself. “Who ist?” the newarrival asked St. Peter. “Oh,d

40、octor.”ts God,” came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks hes aIf you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in aition to knowthe experientomakeand problems which are common to all of you and itll be appropriate for yousing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairmans

41、notorious bad tasteies. With other audienyou musattempt to cut in with humor as they will resent anoutsider making disparaging(:;7) remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You willbe on safer ground if you stick to scgoats like thet Office or theephone system.If you feel awkward being humorou

42、s, you must practiot it becomes more natural.Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxedand unforced manner. Often its the delivery which causes the audience to s, so speakslowly and remembert a raised eyebrow or an unbeving look may help to showt youa

43、re making a light-hearted remark.Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote “If at you dont succeed, give up” or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggerationand unders ements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sententurn about and in

44、ject with humor.31.To make your humor work, you should .A) take advantage of different kinds of audiencewhich you canB) make fun of the disanized peopleaddress different problems to different peopleshow sympathy for your listeners32.The joke about doctors impst,he eyes of nurses, they are .A) impoli

45、te tarrivalsvery conscious of their godlike roleentitled to some privilegesD) very busy even duringch hours33.It can be inferred from the textt public servi.7have benefited many peopleare the focus of public attentionare an inappropriate subject for humorhave often been the laughing stock34.To achie

46、ve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered .A) in well-worded languageas awkwardly asin exaggerated sas casually assibleements sible35.The best title for the text may be .Use Humor EffectivelyVarious Kinds of HumorAdd Humor to SpeechDifferent Humor StrategiesText 4Of all the compone

47、nts of a good nights sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control.In dreams, a window openso a world where logic ispended and deeople speak. Acentury ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theoryt dreams were the disguisedshadowsof our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurolog

48、ists had switched to thinkingof them as just “mental noise” - the random byproducts of the neural-repair workt goes onduring sleep. Now researcherspectt dreams are part of the minds emotional thermos,regulating moods while the brain is “off-line.” And one leading authority sayst theseenselyerful men

49、tal events can be not only harnessed but actually brought underconscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, “Its your dream,” says Rosalind Cartwright,chair of psychology at Chicagos Medical Center. “If you dont like it, change it.”Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is

50、 aive during REM (raeye movement) sleep - when most vivid dreams occur - as it is when fully awake, says Dr,Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equallyinvolved; the limbic system (the “emotional brain”) is espelly active, while the prefrontalcortex (the

51、 center ofellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. “We wake up from dreamshappy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day.” says Stanford sleep researcherDr. William Dement.The link betn dreams and emotions show up among the patients in Cartwrights clinic.Most people seem to have m

52、ore bad dreams earlyoneshe night, progressing toward happier8before awakening, suggestingduringt they are working through negative feelings generatedthe day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we dont always think aboutthe emotional significance of the days events - until, it app

53、ears, we bego dream.And this pros need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright beves one can exerciseconscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsettingabout the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try towake u

54、p just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, doitheir sleep.Atof the day, theres probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at allunless they keep us from sleng or “we waken up in a panic,” Cartwright says. Terrorism,economic uncertaies and gener

55、al feelings of insecurity have increased peoples anxiety.Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a theus,. For the rest ofthe brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep - or rather dream - on it andyoull feel betterhe morning.36.Researchers have come to bevet

56、dreams .A) can be modifiedheir coursesare susceptible to emotional changesreflect our innermost desires and fearsD) are a random oome of neural repairs37.By referring to the limbic system, the authorits function in our dreamsthe mechanism of REM sleepthe relation of dreams to emotionsits difference

57、from the prefrontal cortexends to show .38.The negative feelings generated during the day tend to .A) aggravate in our unconscious mindB) developo happy dreamspersist till the time we fall asleepshow up in dreams early at night39.Cartwright seems to suggestt .A) waking upime is essential to the ridd

58、ing of bad dreamsvisualizing bad dreams helps bring them under controldreams should be left to their natural progres9D) dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious40.What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have had dreams?A) Lead your life as usual.B) Seek profesal help.C) E

59、xercise conscious control.D) Avoid anxietyhe daytime.Part BDirections: Reading the following text and answer questions by finding information fromthe right columnt corresponds to each of the marked details givenhe left column.There are two extra choiSHEEThe left column.Mark your answer on ANSWER1) o

60、f Americanindustry. When politins crow (?AABC)ppy days are here again because jobsare on the rise, its these jobs theyre really talking about. Five of the 10 occupations expectedto grow bighe next decade arehe lowest-paying job groups. And before we sit back anddecidets just the way it is, its instr