2023年高考复习阅读理解满分考点4-主旨要义之段落大意-讲考点-胸有成竹（教师版）

1、2023年高考复习阅读理解总分值考点考点4.主旨大意之段落大意.讲考点一 有成竹2022年段落大意考点归纳】Y点 题、段落大意阅读理解2022试卷类型设问考占-J /、2022新高考I卷阅读 D14. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?段落大意2022全国甲卷D阅读 D32, What is the first paragraph mainly about?段落大意20212021年全国乙卷B 篇 24. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones?段落大意2021年6月浙江卷C M 10.

2、What is the last paragraph mainly about?段落大意20202020年新课标I卷D 篇 32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?段落大意【2023年高考命题预测】主旨大意之段落大意考点是高考中的必考点。一篇文章有多个段落，为什么把题出在其中的某个段 落？因为这个段落在文章中起着至关重要的作用，这些段落或引出话题或承上启下或总结全文。命题者的 意图是明确的，他们着眼于文章中起重要作用的段落进而设题。预测在2023高考中，段落大意题会继续 在高考阅读理解中呈现。【主旨大意之段落大意考点指南】段落大意题常考问题：T

3、he main point /idea of the passage is.The passage is mainly about.The passage mainly discusses.The last but one paragraph is chiefly concerned with.?Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?近几年高考段落大意考查的特点：考查的段落一般没有主题句，这需要考生对整段进行归纳，找出段落的重点，总结段落大意。总结段落大意考例分析：D【2020

4、全国IThe connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% m

5、ore productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology（MIT）have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants that have s

6、ensors printed onto their leaves to show when theyre short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. ” Were thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day, n explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering

7、 at MIT.One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow（发光）in experiments using some common vegetables. Stranos team found that they could create a faint light fbr three-and-a-half hours. The light, about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. The technology, Strano

8、 said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.in the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plants lifetime. The engineers are also trying to

9、develop an on and off ” switch “ where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source（电源）-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a

10、lot of energy is lost during transmission（传输）.Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.316 32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A new study of different plants.A big fall in crime rates.Employees from various workplaces.Benefits from green plants.【答案】32. D【解析】

11、本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发 了一种发光植物。文章介绍了他们创造这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物 有可能取代路灯，到达节约能源的作用。32.主旨大意题。根据第一段中 A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive

12、when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants,可知例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市绿化较 好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率会提高 15%o由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的益处。应选D。B【2020全国新课标ni】When ”Rise of the Planet of the Apes* was first shown to the public last month, a group of excited animal activists gathered on

13、 Hollywood Boulevard. But they werent there to throw red paint on fur-coat-wearing film stars. Instead, one activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: Thanks for not using real apes （猿）!”The creative team behind Apes used motion-capture （动作捕捉）techn

14、ology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that I records an actor 9s performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image （图像）. In this case, one of a realistic-looking ape.Yet Apes is more exception than the rule. In fact, H

15、ollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment or animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2,000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including Water for Elephants/ nThe Hangover Part II and ZookeeperJ have dr

16、awn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them havent been treated properly.In some cases, its not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; its the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are questions

17、about the films made outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the Sates.241 25. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?The cost of making Apes.”The creation of digitalized apes.The publicity about Apes.The performance of real apes.【答案】25.B【文章大意】本文是一篇

18、新闻报道。短文报道了电影“猩球崛起”上个月首次与公众见面。动物爱 好者聚集在好莱坞前，感谢电影制作者，在电影拍摄时，没有使用真的类人猿。现在的动物拍摄 使用的是数字化人猿的创造技术，而一些电影的拍摄却存在着虐待动物的现象，这让一个非盈利 的组织密切关注此事。但有些拍摄也是不能够被监测到的。25.主旨大意题。根据第二段“The creative team behind Apes used motion-capture （动作捕捉）t echnology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on t

19、echnology that I records an actors performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image （图像）.”可知，“人猿”背后的创作团队利用动作捕捉技术创造数字化的动物，在记录演员 表演的技术上，花费数千万美元，然后用电脑图形处理，以产生最终的影像。由此可知，第二段 主要是关于数字化人猿的创造。应选B项。规律方法：如何总结段落大意？段落大意即某一段的中心思想，通常中心思想会在首句表达出来，这就是常说的段落主题句。主题句 具有鲜明的概括性，句子结构简单，段落中

20、其他句子均用来解释、支撑或扩展主题句所表达的主题思想。 主题句通常位于段首，也可位于段尾、段中。有时作者没有写出明显的主题句，要学会根据段落内容去概 括主题句。【试题精练】LD【2022届福建省泉州市高中毕业班质量检测（三）】Reading books can obviously make you a better, smarter entrepreneur. According to a 2018 study of over 160,000 adults in 31 countries, the more books that were present in participants, ch

21、ildhood homes, the more competent they now were as adults with skills in literacy, mathematics, and technological problem-solving. Researchers note that book-oriented socialization, indicated by home library size, equips youth with lifelong tastes, skill and knowledge.Growing up with home libraries

22、boosts adult skills in literacy, numeracy and technological problem-solving beyond the benefits acquired from parental education or your own educational or occupational attainment. Kids who grow up in a home where reading is valued and modeled are more likely to be good readers. Strangely enough, th

23、ough, advanced education doesnt necessarily offset the “lots of books in the home advantage. Adults who grew up with relatively few books in their homes and later earned a college degree had literacy levels approximately equal to adults who grew up in homes with large libraries but only attended sch

24、ool for nine years.Jessica Stillman of Inc. writes, surrounding yourself with more books than you could ever read says good things about your mind. Those books serve as a constant reminder of all the things you dont know-which helps keep you intellectually hungry and curious. And possibly, this will

25、 keep you a little more modest, since research shows the quicker you are to admit you dont know something, the faster you can then learn it. As Jeff Bezos says, a key sign of intelligence is the willingness to change your mind, something that only happens if youre willing to admit that your current

26、thinking may not be the best thinking. Modesty, learning and the willingness to change your mind when new data presents itself: Thats another three bonus every entrepreneur can benefit from.What does paragraph 1 mainly talk about the research?A. Tough process.B. Inspiring discovery.C. Numerous data.

27、D. Advanced technology.【答案】12. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。研究人员注意到，家庭图书馆的规模说明，以书籍为导向的社会化，使年轻人 拥有终身的品味、技能和知识。文章还说明了在家庭图书馆的环境中长大，可以提高成年人的读写、计算 和解决技术问题的能力，这远远超过了父母教育或自己的教育或职业成就所带来的好处。12.主旨大意题o 根据第段“Reading books can obviously make you a better, smarter entrepreneur. According to a 2018 study of over 160,000 adults in

28、 31 countries, the more books that were present in participants9 childhood homes, the more competent they now were as adults with skills in literacy, mathematics, and technological problem-solving. Researchers note that book-oriented socialization, indicated by home library size, equips youth with l

29、ifelong tastes, skill and knowledge读书显然能让你成为一个更好、更聪明的企业家。2018年的一项研 究对31个国家的16万多名成年人进行了调查，结果显示，参与者小时候家里的书越多，他们成年后就越 有能力，具备读写、数学和解决技术问题的技能。研究人员注意到，家庭图书馆的规模说明，以书籍为导 向的社会化，使年轻人拥有终身的品味、技能和知识厂可知，第一段主要讲的是鼓舞人心的发现。应选B。2.C 2022届福建省厦门市高三毕业班第二次质量检测】Time zones were created by railroad officials to deal with a ma

30、jor headache. It was becoming impossible to know what time it was. At that time each town or city in the US kept its own solar time. Fifty-six standards of time are now employed by the various railroads in preparing their schedules of running time J reported The New York Times on April 19, 1883.In 1

31、883, railroad representatives attended the General Railroad Time Convention. On April 11, railroad officials agreed to create five time zones in North America. And the new standard took effect on November 18, 1883.Though the new time standard was not sanctioned by the federal government, the Naval O

32、bservatory in Washington offered to send, by telegraph, a new time signal so people could synchronize （同步）their watches. Most people had no objection to the new time standard. An article in The New York Times on November 16, 1883 noted, “The passenger from Chicago to New Orleans, can make the entire

33、 run without changing his watch.”As the time change was instituted by the railroads, and voluntarily accepted by many towns and cities, some incidents of confusion appeared. A report in The Philadelphia Inquirer on November 21, 1883, described an incident where a debtor had been ordered to report to

34、 a Boston courtroom before 10:00. He appeared at 9:48, standard time, but was ruled that it was after 10:00.Incidents like that demonstrated the need for everyone to adopt the new standard time. However, there were objections. An item in The New York Times on June 28, 1884, detailed how the city of

35、Louisville had given up on standard time. Louisville set all its clocks ahead 18 minutes to return to solar time.By the 1890s, standard time and time zones were accepted as ordinary. The successful adoption in the US in 1883 set an example of how time zones could spread across the globe. The followi

36、ng year, a conference in Paris created the time zones worldwide and eventually they came into use.11. What is the last paragraph mainly about?A. The US simplified time zones.B. Paris created its time zone.C. Time zones went worldwide.D. Time zones proved effective.【答案】11. C【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了时区是怎么来的。11

37、.段落大意题。根据最后一段By the 1890s, standard time and time zones were accepted as ordinary. The successful adoption in the US in 1883 set an example of how time zones could spread across the globe. The following year, a conference in Paris created the time zones worldwide and eventually they came into use.（至

38、了 19世纪90年代，标准时区被视为普通时区。1883年在美国的成功采用为时区如何在全球传播树立了典范。 第二年，在巴黎召开的一次会议确立了全球时区，并最终投入使用）可知，本段主要介绍了时区走向全球, 即：全球都采用时区标准，应选C。3.C【2022届广东省高三六校第四次联考】A study of 8 different experiments showed that our brains tend to prefer addition rather than subtracticn when it comes to finding solutions-in many cases, it se

39、ems we just dont consider the strategy of taking something away at all.The researchers found that this preference for adding was noticeable in three situations in particular: when people were under higher cognitive （认知的）load, when there was less time to consider the other options, and when volunteer

40、s didnt get a specific reminder that subtracting was an option. In one of the experiments, participants were asked to improve a Lego structure so that it was able to take more weight. Half the volunteers were reminded that they could take away bricks as well as add them, and half werent. In the grou

41、p that got the reminder, 61 percent solved the problem by taking away a brick-which was a much faster and more efficient way of making the structure stable. In the group that didnt get the reminder, only 41 percent went fbr the removing bricks approach.Additive ideas come to mind quickly and easily,

42、 but subtractive ideas require more cognitive effort J says psychologist Benjamin Converse, from the University of Virginia. Because people are often moving fast and working with the first ideas that come to mind, they end up accepting additive solutions without considering subtraction atThe researc

43、hers have a few ideas about what might be going on. Our brains might find additive changes easier to process perhaps, or we might be associating adding with ideas of something thats bigger and therefore better in our subconscious. There might also be associations in our minds with the current status

44、 being something that needs to be maintained as much as possible-and taking something away is arguably more destructive to the current status than adding something new.The researchers say their work is important in a much broader sense: for institutions looking to streamline （简化）,fbr example, and ev

45、en fbr the human race looking fbr ways to better manage the planets resources.11. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The ways to make additive changes. B , The effects of taking something away. C. The reasons for brains preferring addition. D. The importance of maintaining current status.【答案】U.C【解

46、析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究，研究说明在寻找解决方案时，我们的大脑更倾向于选择 增加而不是减除，并介绍了研究结果的意义。11.主旨大意题。根据第四段中“Our brains might find additive changes easier to process perhaps, or we might be associating adding with ideas of something thats bigger and therefore better in our subconscious. There might also be associations in our

47、minds with the current status being something that needs to be maintained as much as possible一and taking something away is arguably more destructive to the current status than adding something new.（我们的大脑可能会发现增加的变化更容易处理，或者我们可能会在潜意识中将增加与更大更好的想 法联系起来。在我们的脑海中可能还会有这样的联想：当前的状态是需要尽可能多地保持的，而拿走一些 东西可能比增加一些新东

48、西对当前的状态更具破坏性。）”可知，本段主要讲了大脑喜欢增加的原因。应选 C项。4.D【2022届山东省荷泽市高三第一次模拟考试（一模）】Around one heart attack in 50 in rich European countries is caused by long exposure to loud traffic, according to the World Health Organization. The ill-effects of noise pollution in such countries are second only to those from dir

49、ty air. Long-term exposure can cause hormonal （荷尔蒙的）imbalances as well as mental-health problems.Roadside barriers can help decrease the noise, but they are expensive-up to $600,000 per kilometer. Besides, they work less well on windy days and are impractical along city streets.Happily, there is ano

50、ther option. By adding rubber powders, recycled from used tyres, to the bitumen （沥青）and broken stones used to make asphalt （柏油路），engineers are designing quieter streets. First used experimentally in the 1960s, this rubberized, softer asphalt cuts traffic noise by around 25%. Even better, it also lasts longer than the normal sort. Not surprisingly, rubberized asphalt is catching on.Rubberized asphalt keeps the noise down in a couple of ways. Gaps between the stones in standard asphalt must be small, because i