八年级下册英语unit6

1、初二下册英语学习第六课时Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?.【单元目标】.重点短语in fact其实；实际上run out of 用完；用尽by the way顺便；附带说说be interested in 对感兴趣 个人收集整理 勿做商业用途more than比多make a list of列清单 个人收集整理 勿做商业用途thanks for doing sth.感谢某人做了某事think of / about sth.想起某事 个人收集整理 勿做商业用途n .目标句型：How long have you been doing

2、？ 2. I ve been doing since集整理 勿做商业用途3. How long did sb. do ?4. He / She did sth. for 5. What do you collect?6. When did you start?How many do you have?8. What do you like to collect in the future? 个人收集整理 勿做商业用途What is the most common/unusual/interesting hobby? 个人收集整理 勿做商业用途二.重重难点分析】.现在完成进行时构成：肯定句：主语

3、 + have / has been + doing否定句：主语 +have/has+not+been+doing个人收集整理 勿做商业用途 一般疑问句：Have/Has+ 主语+been+doing?现在完成进行时表达某一动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，有可能还要持续下去”，现在完成进行时的句子中多用延续性动词，如： live, learn, study, work等。个人收集整理勿做商业用途I have been learning English for ten years.(2)She has been skating for four hours.(3)I have been colle

4、cting stamps since I was ten years old. 个人收集整理 勿做商业用途在这几个句子中，have和has是助动词，疑问形式需把助动词提前，否定形式在have或has后面加not, havenot和has not可以分别缩写成 haven 和hasnt如：个人收集整理 勿做商业用途(1)Have you been doing your homework since this morning?个人收集整理 勿做商业用途(2)Has he been writing the letters to his friend?(3)I haven t been seeing

5、films for a long time.(表明没有看电影这个动作从过去一直持续到现在，还要继续持续下去。).现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别：(1)现在完成时强调动作的完成，而现在完成进行时侧重的是动作的持续进行。I have read a book about birds.(已经读完)I have been reading a book about birds.(一直都在读，现在还在读，有可能会继续读下去)个人收集整理 勿做商业用途(2)两种时态都有延续性，但现在完成时往往只说明一个事实，一种影响或结果，无感情色彩；现在完成进行时表示一个动作的延续、重复，有时有一定的感情色彩。个人收集整

6、理勿做商业用途She has been singing all the day.(抱怨、厌烦)三.【重点词汇】since的用法：(1)conj .(引导时间状语从句，从句中常用过去时，主句用一般时态或完成时)自从以来；以后It was years since l had seen her.his just a week since we arrived here .。(引起原因状语从句，通常置于句首 )既然；因为Since he says so, it must be true .(2)prep .自以来 I have lived here since childhood .1 / 8He h

7、asnt been home sincel993.(3)adv .(与完成时态连用)从那以后；后来 以前He left the city in 1985 and has returned only once since .个人收集整理 勿做商业用途(4)构成短语：ever since从那以后(一直)long since 很久以前；早已Sincefrom 和 for(1)from是介词，后接名词、动名词，表示事情的开始点，以 from短语作状语时，句中的谓语动词可用一般 现在、过去和将来时，如： 个人收集整理勿做商业用途The movie is on from 8:00 p.m. to 10:0

8、0 p.m.They chatted at the meeting from beginning to end .(2)since则为介词或从属连接词，其后接名词、动名词或从句，表示从某一特定时间起直至现在或过去某一特定时间为止，依然继续着的事情的开始点，在以此为时间状语的句子中，谓语动词常用完成时。个人收集整理勿做商业用途Many things have happened since they came here.The teacher said that John had made great progress since last semester 个人收集整理 勿做商业用途(3)for

9、是介词，后接名词，可以用来计算持续的时间，表示事情从开始到结束所持续的时间，谓语动词常用过去时或完成时，for与一般现在时连用，表示时间一直持续到将来。个人收集整理勿做商业用途The meeting lasted for hours. I studied the piano for three years. Ive known her for five years.How long are you here for?Favourite作名词，指 最爱的物品，favourite也可作形容词，作形容词比较级和最高级形式。个人收集整理勿做商业用途My favorite food is dumplin

10、g .stop表示停止，结束，阻止”The light turned red . I have to stop .(1)stop作名词，意为 车站，站点”。 I get off at the next bus stop .个人收集整理 勿做商业用途(2)stop作动词，意为停止”，常用于stop doing sth.结构中，表示停止做某事”，指停止正在做的事。个人收集整理勿 做商业用途The students stop talking .(3)stop to do sth.则表示 停下来去做某事”，指停止原来的事去做另外一件事。The students stop to talk.We shou

11、ld stop to have a rest.(4)stop sb.(from)doing sth.表示 叫某人停止做某事，阻止某人做某事”。What can stop me(my)going?Nothing shall stop us from studying .have to do sth.表示 不得不做某事”，指客观条件的 不得不” I have to finish the work by myself .run out of 意为从地方跑出来；用光 Class is over. The students run out of the classroom . 个人收集整理 勿做商业用途

12、四.【课文解析】How long have you been in class today?how long多长”或多长时间对长度或时间段提问。-How long have you learned English? - For two years. 个人收集整理 勿做商业用途(2)in class在上课；在课堂上，其反义词为out of class在课外”。We should read more books out of class.I have been in class for one hour.(3)现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。I have seen the film

13、many times .表示过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。I have lived here since 2001 .(住”这动作延续到现在 )构成：“havehas+过去分词”构成。-Where is Jim and Mike? -They have gone to the Great Wall .个人收集整理 勿做商业用途Alison was the first one to start . be the first / second+n.表通do是第一/二个做某事的“。个人收集整理 勿做商业用途He is the last one to leave here.She was th

14、e first one to get to the school .Id like to collect stamps because they are interesting .个人收集整理 勿做商业用途(1)would like to do 表示 想要做某事”。Would you like to come to join my birthday party?(2)collect意为收集，搜集”，常用作及物动词，后跟名词或代词作宾语。I like collecting all kinds Of Chinese stamps very much .个人收集整理 勿做商业用途Thanks for

15、 sending me the snow globe of the monster . 个人收集整理 勿做商业用途(1)thanks for 相当于thank you for 意为 为感谢你，后多跟名词短语或动名词。个人收集整理 勿做商业用途Thanks for your last letter.(2)send sb. Sth.相当于send sth. to sb.表示 送给某人某物” He sent me a present for my birthday.He sent a present to me for my birthday。By the way , whats your hobb

16、y?这是一个特殊疑问句的简单句，by the way在句中作插入语。介词短语by the way意思是 且说，顺便提一下，还有，常用来介绍一般性的话题，或在脑子里突然想起的事情。个人收集整理勿做商业用途We shall expect you, by the way , dinner will be at eight .个人收集整理 勿做商业用途I was reading when the earthquake occurred , by the way, it was “The Last Day of Pompeii个人收集整理 勿做商业用途 By the way , have you see

17、n her lately?(2)名词hobby表示 爱好”是可数名词。Your hobby is reading .One of my hobbies is astronomy .Plenty of men are excellent cooks as a hobby .It made me think about differences in food cultures between China and western countries . 个人收集整理 勿做商业用途 (1)make使役动词 使；让”，后面接不定式作宾语补足语时，不带 to,类似的还有let和have。个人收集整理勿做商

18、业用途He made the students laugh.The children must be made to clean their own room .Aunt Li tried to make us stay for supper.(2)think about 考虑；回想，想起；认为think about a plan 考虑一项计划I always think about her when it snows .What do you think about the film last night?He was thinking about the time he spent in

19、the army .个人收集整理 勿做商业用途We need to think about the plan .(3)介词between表示在二者之间There is a fence between his garden and our garden. 个人收集整理 勿做商业用途Youre to sit between Moira and me .五.【词语辨析】every 和 each(1)each一定数目中的 每一个“；爷别”意义较重，表示各有不同，更强调个人或个别。Each one has his weakness(2)every数目不确定的许多人或物中间的每一个“；总合”意义较重，表示

20、大家一致”。Every one of us is here .(3)each可作主语、同位语、定语和状语，而every只能作定语。interest, interesting 与 interested(1)interest作名词，意为 兴趣，趣味”，用作动词时指 使(人)产生兴趣”。He shows an interest in music . What you said interests me. 个人收集整理 勿做商业用途(2)interesting作形容词，指 有趣的，引起兴趣的“，可作表语或定语，指物或人本身能引起兴趣。个人收集整理勿做商业用途The film is very inter

21、esting .He is an interesting man .(3)interested是由动词interest加-ed构成的形容词。意为感兴趣的“，其主语一般是人，常用于be/get/ becomeinterested in结构中，表示 对感兴趣“。个人收集整理 勿做商业用途When he was only a child , he got interested in science. 个人收集整理 勿做商业用途have 与 musthave to与must都有 必须”的意思，但有其不同之处：(1)have to有时态和人称变化，带有客观因素，意思是不得不；must无时态和人称变化，后

22、面接不带 to的不定式，带有主观因素，意思是 必须，一定”。个人收集整理勿做商业用途I have to go now . Its dark . I must go .(2)must not表示 不许，一定不能；dont have to表示 不必”。You mustnt go now . You dont have to go so early .(3)Must I 的否定回答是 No , you neednt,或 No, you dont have to .个人收集整理 勿做商业用途-Must I stay here now?-NO , you neednt, /you dont have t

23、o .个人收集整理 勿做商业用途fairly 与 ratherfairly与rather同义但用法不同：fairly 一般指(褒义的)理想的情形，rather一般指(贬义的)不太理想的情形。例如：The weather is fairly fine today .The weather was rather bad yesterday.It is a fairly easy question .(容易而适当)It is a rather easy question.(大容易了而不适当 )补充材料Each的具体用法：adj.各个的；各自的；每一个的。置于单数可数名词前。Each car has

24、a steering wheel.My uncle gave a present to each one of n.各个；各自。谓语动词用单数形式。Each has his own task.Each of the students broughta a dictionary.个人收集整理 勿做商业用途room做空间讲时，是不可数名词。Is there any room for me in the car?There was no room to turn around in the narrow road. 个人收集整理 勿做商业用途whether 和 if 的区别 I dont

25、 know whether / if she will be able to come 。个人收集整理 勿做商业用途whether可以与or not连用，or not可以紧跟在 whether之后，也可以置于从句末尾；if 一般不能和or not连用。个 人收集整理勿做商业用途Whether it rains or not, the are determined to go.He asked whether they should go or stay.The +比较级，the +比较级。越-越The more, the better. 多多益善The more you have, the m

26、ore you want.拥有越多, 欲望越大。More and more 越来越English is more and more interesting to me .个人收集整理 勿做商业用途More or less 或多或少；多少有点；差不多 She is more or less beautiful.她颇有姿色。个人收集整理 勿做商业用途No more = not any more 不再；也不； 也没有 once more 再一次；再次。个人收集整理 勿做商业用途More than 大于，不止 morethan 比 一 更 一课后练习一.用所给词的适当形式填空.Listen!A gir

27、l(sing) in the hall.Alison(swim) for three hours.When I entered the classroom,Ifound some students(watch) TV .个人收集整理 勿做商业用途.There are some children who(play) football on the playground. 个人收集整理 勿做商业用途. How long you(do) that? For about four years.个人收集整理 勿做商业用途.The young man(skate) since he was eight y

28、ears old 个人收集整理 勿做商业用途.Hed like(collect) shells because they are beautiful.个人收集整理 勿做商业用途.When I was twelve,I(start) to play tennis.9.If you know his telephone number,please let me(know).个人收集整理 勿做商业用途10.Thank you for(tell) me the truth.二.用for或 since填空1.Hes been waiting for you two hours.2.Sarah has b

29、een living here 19963.The baby has been sleeping 2:00 a.m.4.Ive been staying in New York two weeks.5.Kate has been studying Japanese he was twelve个人收集整理 勿做商业用途6.I slept only two hours last night.I am tired.个人收集整理 勿做商业用途三.单项选择1.of them has a study.(书房)A.Both B.All C.Each D.Every2.She saw an accident

30、the way to school.A.in B.by C.on D.at3.the way,whats your name?A.By B.On C.In D.Rordont like the way he talks to me.A.on B.in C.by D/ How long did your brother skate?He for five hours.A.did skated B.skated C.is skating Dwas skating 个人收集整理 勿做商业用途.They money to build a new school for the faraway villa

31、ge. A.collected B.took C.spent D raised 个人收集整理勿做商业用途.He said he doing some shopping.A.would like B.liked C.wanted D felt.They are fast out of money.A.run B.to run C.running D ran.We had to stop to have a rest,we were very tired.个人收集整理 勿做商业用途A.while B.when C.whether D because.My elder sister is in th

32、e writer job.A.interested B.interesting C.interests D to interest 个人收集整理 勿做商业用途.The Smiths have been living here about 15 years.个人收集整理 勿做商业用途A.for B.since C.in Dto.He liked to eat mooncakes nuts in them.A.have B.has C.with Dand.do you have an English party? Once a month.个人收集整理 勿做商业用途A.How B.How far

33、C.How often D How long.一Can I help you,madam? Im looking for pair of shoes for my daughter. A.the B.an C.a D some个人收集整理勿做商业用途.The policeman arrived about half an hour later when the accident happened.个人收集整理 勿做商业用途A.half past one B.thirty minutes C.hour halfD an hour ago 个人收集整理 勿做商业用途. Would you like

34、 to have another cup of tea? Yes,.”个人收集整理 勿做商业用途A.I would like to B.I would like C.I would love个人收集整理 勿做商业用途D I would want. Thank you for your help. Its my pleasure.A.With pleasure B.Never mind C.Certainly not D Youre welcome.个人收集整理 勿做商业用途.you to New York? No,but I will go there next year.个人收集整理 勿做商

35、业用途A.Have,gone B.Do,go C.Will,go D Have,been.Jims father said to him, hope you what I you to buy. A.didnt forget,told B.not to forget,have toldC.wont forget,have toldD havent forgotten,will tell 个人收集整理 勿做商业用途. Do you know Jack well? Certainly.We friends since ten years ago.个人收集整理 勿做商业用途A.were B.have

36、 made C.have become D have been.We have several books about sports.（同义选择 ）A.quite a few B.only a few C.much D many.They have many apples.But only several big and red. A.was B.is C.were D are 个人收集整理 勿做商.We for the old woman on the bus.A.made a room B.gave a room C.made room D gave rooms 个人收集整理 勿做商业用途

37、I wont let it.A.anyone knows B.anyone know C.someone knows D.someone know 个人收集整理勿做商业用途.People are in places.A.interested,interested B.interesting,interesting C.interested,interestingD.interesting,interested 个人收集整理勿做商业用途.Why not your coat?It s warm here.A.to take off B.to take down C.taking down D.ta

38、ke off 个人收集整理 勿做商业用途.Zhang Li has been working for eight hours.个人收集整理 勿做商业用途A.the whole B.the all C.whole D.all.The student No.1 Middle School won the match.个人收集整理 勿做商业用途A.from B.in C.at D.of.一 How does your father go to work? A.By a bus B.On bus C.By foot D.On foot.The little English girl enjoys ve

39、ry much.A.to travel B.traveling C.traveled D.travels 个人收集整理勿做商业用途.Reading in the bed is not good your eyes.A.for B.to C.at D.with.Wen Li has kites for two years.A.been make B.making C.been makingD.been made 个人收集整理 勿做商业用途6 / 8.Li Chen football an hour ago.A.has been playing B.has played C.plays D.pla

40、yed 个人收集整理 勿做商业用途. Hi,Carol.How was your trip to Disney world? 一Hi,Alice.Oh,we a good time there.A.are having B.have had C.had D.have.The meeting will held in half an hour,but they haven t got everything ready.个人收集整理 勿做商业用途A.ever B.already C.yet D.still.They all their money,so they have to walk home

41、.个人收集整理 勿做商业用途A.spend B.had spent C.have spent D.will spend 个人收集整理 勿做商业用途 37. May I speak to John?一Sorry,he Japan.But he in two days.A.has been to,will come back B.has gone to,will be back C.has been in,would come back D.has gone to,wont come back个人收集整理勿做商业用途. What did Mr.Jones do before he moved he

42、re? He a city bus for over 25 years.个人收集整理 勿做商业用途A.is driving B.drove C.has driven D.drives 个人收集整理 勿做商业用途.you the film yet? Yes.I it last Saturday 个人收集整理 勿做商业用途A.Will,see ; saw B.Did,see; saw C.Have,seen; have seen D.Have,seen; saw 个人收集整理勿做商业用途. “ Harry Potter is a very nice film.I it twice.个人收集整理 勿做商业用途A.will see B.have seen C.saw D.see. When Li Ming his homework? At 10.00 last night. A.did,finish B.does,finish C.is,finishingD.was,finished个人收集整理勿做商业用途. How many times to Shanghai since the summer of 2002? Twice.个人收集整理 勿做商