2024北京朝阳区高二（下）期末英语试题和答案

试题PAGE1试题2024北京朝阳高二（下）期末英语2024.7(考试时间100分钟满分100分)本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答,在试卷上作答无效。第一部分知识运用(共三节,30分)第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分,共10分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。TheRedCrossbuspulledintoourschoolparkinglot,welcomingstudentsovertheageofeighteento__1__blood.Honestly,mostwereattractedbythepromiseoffreecookiesandjuice.Teacherswerealsoencouragedtoparticipate.Afterwatchingaheartwarmingvideo,manyofus__2__togiveblood,myselfincluded.Thenursehadjustremovedtheneedlefrommyarmwhenthebellrangforthenextlesson.IclimbedthethreeflightsofstairstomyclassroomandbythetimeIopenedthedoorformystudents,Ifeltslightly__3__,asifwalkingonclouds.Fortherestofthatafternoon,Ievenfeltsicktomystomach,soImadeamentalnotetoleavesuch__4__forafter-schoolhours.__5__,theideaslippedmymindasIgrewbusywithotherresponsibilities.Nevertheless,perception(看法)always__6__withexperience.Earlyinmycancertreatment,Iexperiencedpainfulchemotherapy(化疗).Thebloodtransfusionsbreathednewlifeintome.Then,I__7__,foreachbloodproductdonated,therewasaliving,breathingrecipient,justlikeme.Watchingtheliquidentermybody,Iwas__8__bythefactthatplatelets(血小板)arebrightyellow,likethesun.Itistrulyamazingthatapartofonepersoncansavethelifeofanother.Iam__9__tothestranger,whosekindnesshasallowedmetoregeneratemyweakenedbodyandlivetofightanotherday.TheGreekshaveseveralwordstodefinelove.Themostpowerfulisagape,whichmeans“lovewithaction,”particularlywhenitisconcernedwiththegreater__10__ofanother.Andtosomany,includingme,that’sexactlywhatblooddonationhasbeen.1.A.draw B.test C.collect D.donate2.A.refused B.hesitated C.pretended D.volunteered3.A.dizzy B.afraid C.down D.ashamed4.A.rights B.opinions C.adventures D.judgements5.A.However B.Therefore C.Instead D.Moreover6.A.appears B.changes C.declines D.remains7.A.denied B.imagined C.recalled D.realised8.A.puzzled B.amused C.fascinated D.embarrassed9.A.open B.polite C.grateful D.generous10.A.mercy B.good C.success D.effort第二节选词填空(共10小题;每小题1分,共10分)阅读下面句子,根据句意,从方框中选择恰当的词或词组,并用其正确形式填空。reliablefactordeserveappealtogothroughfigureouthavenointentionofbeinvolvedinintermsofheartandsoul11.Ican’t_____________howmuchthetripwillcost.12.Itiswrongtojudgehappinessjust_____________success.13.Ithinkwe_____________agoodrestafterallthathardwork.14.Heworked_____________forhiscountrythroughouthislife.15.Whenyou_____________acrisis,itoftenhelpstotalktosomeone.16.Mostpeoplenow_____________stayingatonejobforthewholelife.17.Itwasahugeprojectandover20softwarecompanies_____________it.18.Studieshaveestablishedthatsmokingisarisk_____________forcancer.19.Theinnovativesmartphonedesign_____________allagesandsocialgroups.20.Companiesalwaysappreciatea_____________personwhotheycantrusttodothejob.(请务必将第11至20题的答案写在答题卡指定区域内)第三节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分,共10分)阅读下面句子,根据句子内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。21.Heissucha_____________(curiosity)boy,alwaysaskingquestions.22.Scientists_____________(learn)alotaboutthebraininthelastdecade.23.Shewasquitedisappointedtofindthatthey_____________(leave)already.24.Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesand_____________(correct)them.25.Simplegymequipment,_____________(use)correctly,canimprovefitnesslevels.26.An_____________(accuracy)descriptionoftheproblemisthefirststepinsolvingit.27.She_____________(practise)thepianosincebreakfast,andherfingersarestartingtoache.28.It’suptoyou_____________(decide)whatyoucandoandhowwellyoucandoitinyourcareer.29.Inthe1950s,anattempt_____________(make)toprove“SixDegreesofSeparation”mathematically.30.Thechildrenstartedplayingwithwaterballoons,_____________(turn)thebackyardintoawetandwildbattlefield.(请务必将第21至30题的答案写在答题卡指定区域内)第二部分阅读理解(共两节,38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分,共28分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AIfyou’realoverofliteratureandwanttostudyitfurther,Harvard’sonlinecoursesareagreatoption!AbouttheCoursesTheAncientGreekHeroexploreswhatitmeanstobehumantodaybystudyingwhatitmeanttobeaheroinancientGreektimes.Toachievethis,learnerswillexperience,inEnglishtranslation,someancientGreekliteraturefromthe8thcenturyBCtothe3rdcenturyAD.NobleCultureandtheCosmopolitanTanglooksathownoblefamiliesandtheircultureandliteraturecontributedtothereunification(重新统一)ofChinaundertheTangDynasty.You’llalsolearnhowtocomposeandanalyzepoetryandcalligraphy.Shakespeare’sLifeandWorkexploresrelationshipsbetweenShakespeare’sworldandpresentday.Throughshortvideosandreadings,youwillseehowthemeaningofaworkofartchangesdependingonthetime,context,andculture.MasterpiecesofWorldLiteraturerevealshowgreatwritersreflectontheirworldandhowtheirworksarechangedintoday’sglobalculture.Ithelpsusunderstandthedeeprootsoftoday’sinterconnectedglobalculture.WaystoTaketheCoursesWhenyousignupforthesecourses,youwillhavetheoptionofauditing(旁听)thecourseorpursuinganofficialcertificate.Intheauditingtrack,learningisfreeandself-pacedwithin18weeks.Learnershaveaccesstopartofourcourseresources.Besides,coursevideosandhandoutsarenotavailablefordownloading.Pleasenotethatthistrackdoesnotofferanofficialcertificate.Alternatively,learnerscanpay_299topursueanofficialcertificate,whichoffersunlimitedaccesstocourseresourceswithinayear.Attheendofthecourse,learnerswhoearnapassinggradecanreceiveacertificate.Ifyou’reinterestedandwanttolearnmore,clickhere:https://www.harvardonline.harvard.edu31.Ifyouwanttoknowhowtoanalyzepoetry,youcanchoose___________.A.TheAncientGreekHeroB.Shakespeare’sLifeandWorkC.MasterpiecesofWorldLiteratureD.NobleCultureandtheCosmopolitanTang32.Intheauditingtrack,youcan___________.A.determinethelearningpaceB.accesshandoutsforafeeC.earnanofficialcertificateD.downloadcoursevideos33.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A.Toadvertiseonlinecourses.B.Toexploretherootsofhumanity.C.Tocomparedifferentcultures.D.Tohighlightthevalueofliterature.BItturnsoutpatienceisn’talwaysavirtue.BythetimeNalinKamatwas13,theTorontoteenhadbeenwellonhiswaytobecomingaworkingartist.Hehadalreadyhadhisfirstshowatalocalartscentre.Yethewantedmore—specificallytostartshowinghisworksinajuriedexhibition,whereartexpertswouldevaluateandselectpiecesinacompetitivereviewprocess,ensuringthatonlythemostoutstandingworksareincludedintheexhibition.That’swhenheranintoaproblem,discoveringintheverylastlineofamultiapplicationthattheminimumageforsubmissionwas18.Thatrejectionbecameafuelforcreation.“Asyoungartists,wedon’tgetasmuchcreditasIthinkwedeserve,andwealsodon’tgetmanyopportunitiestoshowcasetheamountofworkweputintotheart.Ithoughtit’dbereallycoolifIcouldprovidetheopportunityformoreyoungartists,”saysNalin,now15.Withthesupportofhisparents,inJanuary2023,NalinfoundedLittleEGGGallery,acommercialstudioonlyforunderageartists.Thegallery,whichisnowprofitableenough,chargesasmallfeeforanydisplayedworkandtakesa15percentservicefeeonsales.Inturn,LittleEGGGalleryhelpspromoteyoungtalentsbyshowcasingtheirworks.Notlongafteropening,DavidGriffin,aprofessorandartistfromOntarioCollegeofArtandDesignUniversity,happenedtocomeacrossthegallerywhilewalkingwithhiswifeintheirneighbourhood.UponmeetingNalin,Griffinsaysheunderstoodthathewasspeakingwithsomeonespecial,“astrongyoungartistwithareallyexcellentidea,whichwastocreateaspaceforshowingthelocalcommunitytheeasy,naturalgeniusofyoungpeople.”Aconnectionwasformed,andNalinaskedGriffintohelpjudgeanupcomingcompetition.Thefirstjuriedshowwaslastspring,andthetopthreewinnerseachreceiveda_50cashprize.Five-year-oldJackGamblewonforhisabstractpaintingtitledPokemon.GivenhowbusyNaliniswithschoollifeandhisownart,LittleEGGGalleryismostlyopenbyappointmentonly,buthe’sstilldevotedtogrowingthegallerywithseasonalandthemedshowsscheduledafewtimesayear.Nalinbelievesthatyoungartistsarefreetobemorecreative.InaninterviewwithCBCKidsNews,hesaid,“Ithinkwhenyou’reyounger,youhavemorecreativity.Youseebeautyinmorethingsandwhenyougetolder,itkindofstops.Idon’twanttoseeanyonepreventedfromcreatingtheirart.”34.Accordingtothepassage,thejuriedexhibition__________.A.favoursworksofartexpertsB.chargesasmallfeeforentriesC.setsnoagelimitforsubmissionD.displaysprofessionallyselectedworks35.HowdidNalinKamatfeelafterbeingrejected?A.Anxious.B.Motivated.C.Regretful.D.Confused.36.WhydidNalinKamatfoundLittleEGGGallery?A.Toworkwithotheryoungartists.B.Tomeethisparents’expectations.C.Toofferunderageartistsaplatform.D.Toholdanexhibitionofhisownworks.37.WhatcanwelearnfromNalinKamat’sstory?A.Wisdomarisesfromexperience.B.Everythingcomestothosewhowait.C.Luckmatterstoone’scareersuccess.D.Innovativethoughtsincreaseone’schances.CMostpeoplewilllearnoneortwolanguagesintheirlives,butVaughnSmithspeaks24languages,ahyperpolyglot—arareindividualwhospeaksmorethan10languages.However,scientistshavelargelyignoredwhat’sgoingoninsidethebrainsofpolyglots—peoplewhospeakmorethanfivelanguages—saysEvelinaFedorenko,acognitive(认知的)neuroscientistattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.Sheadds,“That’spartlybecausetheyaccountforonly1%ofpeopleglobally,makingitdifficulttofindenoughparticipantsforresearch.”InanewstudyledbyFedorenko,researcherslookedinsidethemindsofpolyglotslikeSmithtorevealhowlanguage-specificregionsintheirbrainsrespondtohearingdifferentlanguages.“Thisstudywillcontributetoourunderstandingofhowourbrainlearnslanguages,”shesays.Togaininsightsintohowpolyglotsprocessfiveormorelanguages,Fedorenko’steamscannedthebrainsof25polyglots.Theyusedabrainimagingtechniquecalledfunctionalmagneticresonanceimaging(fMRI),whichmeasuresbloodflowinthebrain,tomapouttheselanguagenetworks.InsidethefMRImachine,thepolyglotslistenedtoaseriesof16-second-longrecordingsinoneofeightdifferentlanguages.Theeightlanguagesincludedeachparticipant’snativelanguage,threeotherstheylearnedlaterinlife,andfourunfamiliarlanguages.Twooftheunfamiliarlanguageswerecloselyrelatedtotheparticipant’snativelanguage—forinstance,SpanishforanativeItalianspeaker.Theothertwounfamiliarlanguagescamefromunrelatedlanguagefamilies.Theresearchersfoundthatwhenparticipantsheardanyoftheeightlanguages,bloodalwaysrushedtothesamebrainregions.Inotherwords,theparticipants’brainsappearedtousethesamebasicnetworkasmonolinguals(单语言者)totrytounderstandthesounds,regardlessofwhichlanguagetheyheard.Moreover,theactivityinthebrain’slanguagenetworkschangedbasedonhowwellparticipantsunderstoodalanguage.Themorefamiliarthelanguage,thelargertheresponse.Brainactivityparticularlywasinvigoratedwhenparticipantsheardunfamiliarlanguagesthatwerecloselyrelatedtoonestheyknewwell.Thismighthavehappenedasbrainareasworkedovertimetopuzzleoutthemeaningsbasedonsimilaritiesbetweenthelanguages.Therewasoneexceptiontotherule:Whenparticipantsheardtheirnativetongue,theirlanguagenetworkswereactuallyquieterthanwhentheyheardotherfamiliarlanguages.Thistrendheldevenwhenparticipantswerefluentintheirotherfamiliarlanguages.Thatcouldbesobecauseexpertisereducestheamountofbrainpowerneededforatask,theresearchersnote.Whilethisstudycastslightonmultilinguists’brainactivity,therearestillunansweredquestions.Notably,futureresearchhopestostudypeoplewholearnedmultiplelanguagesfrominfancy(婴儿期).Nevertheless,“thisstudycouldonedayleadtobettertoolstohelppeoplerelearnlanguagesmoreeasilyafterastrokeorbraindamage.”Fedorenkosays.38.Whatisthemainpurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Topresentalatestbraintheory.B.Tostressthesignificanceofthestudy.C.Toexplaintheresearchmethod.D.Toprovidethedefinitionsoftwoterms.39.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Thebrainprocessesnativelanguageswithmucheffort.B.Bloodflowinthebrainisunrelatedtolanguagefamiliarity.C.Thebrainusesthesameareastoprocessmultiplelanguages.D.Effectivetreatmentsforlanguagedisordershavebeendiscovered.40.Whatdoestheword“invigorated”underlinedinParagraph3mostprobablymean?A.Evaluated.B.Activated.C.Affected.D.Reduced.41.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ImpactofLanguageFamiliarityonBrainB.ChallengesinStudyingLanguageGeniusesC.SecretsofLanguageProcessinginPolyglotsD.EdgeoffMRIinRevealingLanguageProcessingDAthemeatthisyear’sWorldEconomicForum(WEF)meetinginSwitzerlandwastheperceivedneedto“speedupbreakthroughsinresearchandtechnology”.Someofthisframingwasmotivatedbytheclimateemergency;somebytheopportunitiesandchallengespresentedbygenerativeartificialintelligence(AI).Invariousconversations,itseemstobetakenforgrantedthattoaddresstheworld’sproblems,scientificresearchneedstomovefasterandbreakthings.Butwhatifthethingbeingbrokenisscience?Orpublictrust?Inrecentyears,we’veseenimportantpaperswrittenbywell-knownscientistsandpublishedininfluentialjournalswereretracted(召回)becauseofquestionabledataormethods.Inonenotablecase,FrancesH.Arnold,whosharedthe2018NobelPrizeinChemistry,voluntarilyretractedapaperwhenherlabwasunabletoreplicate(复制)herresults—butafterthepaperhadbeenpublished.Inanopenapology,shestatedthatshewas“abitbusy”whenthepaperwassubmittedand“didnotdomyjobwell”.Arnold’shonestyisadmirable,butitraisesaquestion:ArescholarsatsupercompetitiveplacessuchasHarvard,StanfordandYalerushingtopublishratherthantakingthetimetodotheirworkright?It’simpossibletoanswerthisquestionscientificallybecausethere’snoscientificdefinitionof“rushing”.Butthere’slittledoubtthatweliveinaculturewhereacademicsatleadinguniversitiesareunderenormouspressuretoproduceresults—andalotofthem—quickly.Formalresearchassessmentshaveforyearsjudgedacademicdepartmentslargelyontheoutputquantity.Theexistingsystemhasledtoreducedmotivationforexcellenceandinnovationinacademicresearch.Arecentreformbyacademicswithinthefieldhasurgedforqualityoverquantity.Goodsciencetakestime.Morethan50yearspassedbetweenthe1543publicationofCopernicus’smagnumopus(天体运行论),andthebroadscientificacceptanceoftheheliocentricmodeloftheuniverse.NearlyacenturypassedbetweenbiochemistFriedrichMiescher’sidentificationoftheDNAandtheclarificationofitsdouble-helixstructureinthe1950s.AndittookjustabouthalfacenturyforgeologistsandgeophysiciststoacceptgeophysicistAlfredWegener’sideaofcontinentalmovement.Scientistsandotherscholarsarepushingresultsoutfarfasterthantheyusedto.Considerthevolumeofacademicpapersbeingpublishedthesedays.Onerecentstudyputthenumberatoversevenmillionayear,comparedwithfewerthanamillionasrecentlyas1980.Anotherstudyfound265academicauthors—twothirdsofwhomwereinthemedicalandlifesciences—whopublishedapapereveryfivedaysonaverage.Someofthisgrowthisdrivenbymorescientistsandmoreco-authorshipofpapers,butthenumbersalsosuggestthattheresearchworldhasprioritizedquantityoverquality.Researchersmayneedtoslowdown—notspeedup—ifwearetoproducetrustworthyknowledge.42.TheauthorgivesanexampleofFrancesH.Arnoldtoshowthat__________.A.academicfieldsvaluehonestyB.scientistslacktimeforresearchC.scholarstendtopublishpapersinahurryD.laboratoriesfailtoreplicatescientificresults43.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.AIandclimateissuesblockresearchprogress.B.Defining“rushing”boostsacademicproductivity.C.IdentifyingDNAiseasierthanclarifyingitsstructure.D.Scholarshaveacknowledgedtheproblemwithacademicevaluation.44.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheauthor’sopiniononscientificresearch?A.Researchcredibilityisatoppriorityinscience.B.Morepublicationsenhanceresearchers’reputation.C.Studiesinmedicalandlifesciencesaresatisfactory.D.Co-authorshipneedstobecancelledforreliableresearch.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,共10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Ifyouareaskedtodescribeyourrelationshipwithyourphone,whatwouldyousay?__45__Forthoseofuswhousedigitaltechnologywithregularity,wewillunavoidablythinkwehaveoverdoneit.Butarewereallyaddictedtoourscreens?Forthevastmajorityofusers,theanswerisnobecausethere’snoformalsetofcriteriafordigitaladdiction.__46__Thistestwasgiventoaround800people,usingcriteriapreviouslyadoptedinmanyotherstudies.Theteamfoundthat69%oftheparticipantscouldbediagnosedwithanaddictiontospendingtimewiththeirfriends.__47__Instead,theteamwasshowinghoweasyitistocreatewhatappearstobeadata-drivenmeasureofanaddictivebehavior,whichactuallyisanormalpartofeverydaylife.Theideaofbeingaddictedtoofflinefriendshipsisridiculous,butthatiswhatishappeninginthedigitaltechnologyresearchliterature.Wearestuckwithresearcherscombiningpeople’senjoymentofanactivitywiththeideathatithasthepotentialtobecomeaddictive.__48__Itistruethatwecandevelopbadrelationshipswiththetechnologyweuse,butanemerginglineofresearchsaysweneedtoviewourrelationshipswithdigitaltechnologyintermsofhabits,notintermsofproblematicuse.__49__Whethertheyhavepositiveornegativeeffectsonourwell-beingdependsnotjustonthetypeofhabit,butonthecontextinwhichitoccurs,howfrequentlyitoccursandwhatotherfactorsmightbecontributingtoit.Thinkingaboutourtechnologyuseintermsofhabitoffersusamuchwiderrangeofoptions.Ratherthangettingridoftechnologyaltogether,wecanseekourdigitalexperiencethatpromotepositiveeffectswhileminimizingnegativeimpacts.A.Manyofusarelikelytodevelopbadhabits.B.Habits,likecheckingourphones,areneutral.C.Formany,theword“addicted”wouldspringtomind.D.Thisleadsultimatelytothebeliefthattheactivityisnaturallybad.E.Obviously,theaimwasn’ttofuelanewmoralpanicaboutsocializing.F.Arecentstudyhasrevealedevidencethatshowspositiveeffectsofdigitaluse.G.Backin2020,ateamusedstandardtechniquestodoanoffline-friendaddictionquestionnaire.第三部分书面表达(共两节,32分)第一节(共4小题;第50、51题各2分,第52题3分,第53题5分,共12分)阅读下面短文,根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。SurveydatashowthatAmericancustomerstodayaremorethantwiceaslikelytocomplainaboutaproductorserviceastheywerein1976.Peoplearegrumbling(抱怨)moreatworktoo.NearlyathirdofemployersinoneUK-basedsurveywitnessedanincreaseinemployeecomplaintsoveratwo-yearperiod.Ofcourse,youcanalwaysfindsomethingtocomplainabout.Butifyoudosohabitually,thatisprobablyhurtingyou,makingothersfeeldown,andmakingyoualessattractivepersontobearound.Soyoumightwanttoresistthetrendtowardacultureofcomplaint.Sometimes,complainingis“instrumental,”designedtogainredress(补偿)fordispleasure,suchaspoorserviceorannoyingbehaviourfromafamilymember.Complainingcanalsobe“chronic,”astateofdissatisfactioninwhichgrumblersconstantlythinkabouttheirmiseryandrefusetobecomforted.Moretypically,however,complainingissimplytoletoutdispleasureorobtainsympathy.Theproblemwithcomplainingisthateventhoughitcanfeeltherapeutic(有疗效的),ittypicallyisn’t.Althoughcomplainingmightoffertemporaryrelief,it’sbadforyourhappinessinthelongrun.Scholarshaveshownthatpeoplewhosharenegativeemotionsonsocialmediaexperiencelowerlevelsofwell-being.Complainingcanalsolowerthehappinessofthepeoplearoundyou.Researchersshowedthatsimplyhearinganother’scomplaintlowersone’smood.Evenworse,insomerelationships,thenegativeeffectcanpasslikeavirustothoseexposed.Let’sassume,however,thatyourlivelihooddoesnotrelyonspreadingmisery.Muchmorelikelyisthatitwillbeinyourinterest,ifyouhaveacomplaininghabit,tobreakit.Thepeopleyoucareaboutwillbehappiertoo.50.Whatisthepurposeof“instrumental”complaining?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________51.Whatarethenegativeeffectsofcomplaining?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________52.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.“Chronic”complainingisastateofdissatisfactioninwhichgrumblersconstantlythinkabouttheirmiseryandtrytoobtainsympathy.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________53.Insteadofcomplaining,howwouldyoudealwithdissatisfactioninlife?(Inabout40words)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(请务必将第50至53题的答案写在答题卡指定区域内)第二节(20分)假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你校国际部即将举办“校园科技节”,现正在全校招募英语志愿者。请你用英语给活动负责人写一封申请信,内容包括:1.阐述申请理由;2.介绍个人优势。注意:1.词数100左右;2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。提示词:ScienceandTechnologyFestivalDearSir/Madam,_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________