数字经济与社会指数报告

1、Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) 2020 Thematic chapters2Table of ContentsDigital Economy and Society Index 2020Thematic chapters HYPERLINK l _bookmark0 Introduction 10 HYPERLINK l _bookmark10 Key indicators of DESI for the economic recovery 15 HYPERLINK l _bookmark11 Very high capacity netwo

2、rks (VHCNs) and 5G 15 HYPERLINK l _bookmark13 Digital skills 15 HYPERLINK l _bookmark15 Advanced digital technologies for businesses 16 HYPERLINK l _bookmark18 Digital public services 17 HYPERLINK l _bookmark20 Connectivity 18 HYPERLINK l _bookmark26 Broadband coverage 19 HYPERLINK l _bookmark40 Fix

3、ed broadband take-up 26 HYPERLINK l _bookmark53 Mobile broadband take-up 32 HYPERLINK l _bookmark60 Broadband prices 37 HYPERLINK l _bookmark66 Progress towards a Gigabit society 39 HYPERLINK l _bookmark67 EU support for National Broadband Plan (NBP) implementation 40 HYPERLINK l _bookmark68 Municip

4、alities need more connectivity WiFi4EU 41 HYPERLINK l _bookmark70 EU harmonised radio spectrum underpins future wireless digital services within the EU 43 HYPERLINK l _bookmark73 Convergent radio spectrum management approaches are essential to support 5G HYPERLINK l _bookmark73 investment 44 HYPERLI

5、NK l _bookmark76 Ex ante market regulation: state of play 45 HYPERLINK l _bookmark78 Open internet rules 46 HYPERLINK l _bookmark81 Widespread use of roam-like-at-Home (RLAH) & multiplication of roaming traffic under HYPERLINK l _bookmark81 RLAH 48 HYPERLINK l _bookmark86 Emergency Communications an

6、d the single European emergency number 112() 49 HYPERLINK l _bookmark90 Human Capital 51 HYPERLINK l _bookmark92 Human capital in 2019 51 HYPERLINK l _bookmark94 Access barriers 52 HYPERLINK l _bookmark95 Digital skills 52 HYPERLINK l _bookmark97 Software skills 53 HYPERLINK l _bookmark100 ICT speci

7、alists 54 HYPERLINK l _bookmark103 EU Code Week 55 HYPERLINK l _bookmark107 Use of internet services 57 HYPERLINK l _bookmark109 Use of internet services in 2019 57 HYPERLINK l _bookmark111 Regular internet users 58 HYPERLINK l _bookmark113 People who have never used the internet 59 HYPERLINK l _boo

8、kmark115 Online services 59 HYPERLINK l _bookmark117 e-Commerce 60Digital Economy and Society Index 2020 HYPERLINK l _TOC_250000 Thematic chapters HYPERLINK l _bookmark120 e-Commerce categories of goods and services 61 HYPERLINK l _bookmark122 People selling online 62 HYPERLINK l _bookmark124 Integr

9、ation of digital technology 63 HYPERLINK l _bookmark129 Digital intensity index 64 HYPERLINK l _bookmark132 ICT specialists in enterprises 65 HYPERLINK l _bookmark135 Adoption of digital technologies by enterprises 66 HYPERLINK l _bookmark137 Cloud computing 66 HYPERLINK l _bookmark142 Big data 69 H

10、YPERLINK l _bookmark145 e-Commerce 70 HYPERLINK l _bookmark148 Cross-border e-commerce 71 HYPERLINK l _bookmark151 Business to business (B2B), business to government (B2G) and business to consumers HYPERLINK l _bookmark151 (B2C) web sales 72 HYPERLINK l _bookmark155 Digital public services 74 HYPERL

11、INK l _bookmark158 e-Government users 74 HYPERLINK l _bookmark161 Pre-filled forms 76 HYPERLINK l _bookmark163 Online service completion 76 HYPERLINK l _bookmark165 Digital public services for businesses (including the cross-border dimension) 77 HYPERLINK l _bookmark169 Open data 78 HYPERLINK l _boo

12、kmark172 User centricity 79 HYPERLINK l _bookmark175 Key enablers 80 HYPERLINK l _bookmark179 Cross-border mobility 82 HYPERLINK l _bookmark182 Emerging technologies 83 HYPERLINK l _bookmark183 Blockchain 83 HYPERLINK l _bookmark204 High Performance Computing (HPC) 87 HYPERLINK l _bookmark215 Quantu

13、m technology 90 HYPERLINK l _bookmark225 Data and edge computing 92 HYPERLINK l _bookmark242 Cybersecurity 95 HYPERLINK l _bookmark243 Internet security: incidents and concerns among EU citizens 95 HYPERLINK l _bookmark250 ICT security: Incidents and measures taken by EU enterprises 97 HYPERLINK l _

14、bookmark258 The EU ICT Sector and its R&D Performance 102 HYPERLINK l _bookmark259 Value added 102 HYPERLINK l _bookmark265 Prices 104 HYPERLINK l _bookmark268 Employment 105 HYPERLINK l _bookmark273 Productivity 107 HYPERLINK l _bookmark279 R&D expenditure 109 HYPERLINK l _bookmark285 R&D personnel

15、 111Digital Economy and Society Index 2020Thematic chapters HYPERLINK l _bookmark290 Public funding of ICT R&D 113 HYPERLINK l _bookmark295 Methodological note 115 HYPERLINK l _bookmark296 Research and Innovation: ICT projects in Horizon 2020 117 HYPERLINK l _bookmark297 Projects and EU funding 117

16、HYPERLINK l _bookmark303 Participants and geographical distribution 120 HYPERLINK l _bookmark308 Methodological notes 122 HYPERLINK l _bookmark309 ANNEX I Abbreviations 123Table of Tables HYPERLINK l _bookmark6 Table 1 The structure of DESI 11 HYPERLINK l _bookmark21 Table 2 Connectivity indicators

17、in DESI 18 HYPERLINK l _bookmark91 Table 3 Human capital indicators in DESI 51 HYPERLINK l _bookmark108 Table 4 Use of internet services indicators in DESI 57 HYPERLINK l _bookmark125 Table 5 Integration of digital technologies indicators in DESI 63 HYPERLINK l _bookmark156 Table 6 Digital public se

18、rvices indicators in DESI 74Table of Figures HYPERLINK l _bookmark7 Figure 1 Digital Economy and Society Index Member States progress, 2015-2020 13 HYPERLINK l _bookmark9 Figure 2 Digital Economy and Society Index, 2020 14 HYPERLINK l _bookmark12 Figure 3 Fixed very high capacity network (VHCN) cove

19、rage (% of households) in the EU, 2011-2019 HYPERLINK l _bookmark12 15 HYPERLINK l _bookmark14 Figure 4 Digital skills (% of individuals), 2015 2019() 16 HYPERLINK l _bookmark17 Figure 5 Use of advanced cloud services and big data in the EU by company size (% of enterprises), HYPERLINK l _bookmark17

20、 2018 17 HYPERLINK l _bookmark19 Figure 6 Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) 2020, Digital public services 17 HYPERLINK l _bookmark25 Figure 7 Digital Economy and Society Index 2020, Connectivity 19 HYPERLINK l _bookmark27 Figure 8 Total coverage by technology at EU level (% of households), 20

21、18-2019 19 HYPERLINK l _bookmark28 Figure 9 Rural coverage by technology at EU level (% of households), 2018 2019 20 HYPERLINK l _bookmark29 Figure 10 Fixed broadband coverage in the EU (% of households), 2011 - 2019 20 HYPERLINK l _bookmark31 Figure 11 Fixed broadband coverage (% of households), mi

22、d-2019 21 HYPERLINK l _bookmark32 Figure 12 Next generation access (NGA) broadband coverage in the EU (% of households), 2011-2019 HYPERLINK l _bookmark32 21 HYPERLINK l _bookmark33 Figure 13 Next generation access (NGA) broadband coverage in the EU (% of households), mid-2019 HYPERLINK l _bookmark3

23、3 22 HYPERLINK l _bookmark34 Figure 14 Overall Next generation access (NGA) broadband coverage in the EU (% of households), HYPERLINK l _bookmark34 mid-2019 23 HYPERLINK l _bookmark35 Figure 15 Rural Next generation access (NGA) broadband coverage in the EU (% of households), mid- HYPERLINK l _bookm

24、ark35 2019 24Digital Economy and Society Index 2020Thematic chapters HYPERLINK l _bookmark36 Figure 16 Fixed very high capacity network (VHCN) coverage (% of households) in the EU, 2011-2019 HYPERLINK l _bookmark36 25 HYPERLINK l _bookmark37 Figure 17 Fixed very high capacity network (VHCN) coverage

25、 (% of households), mid-2019 25 HYPERLINK l _bookmark38 Figure 18 4G mobile coverage in the EU (% of households), 2011-2019 26 HYPERLINK l _bookmark39 Figure 19 4G mobile coverage (% of households), mid-2019 26 HYPERLINK l _bookmark42 Figure 20 Households with a fixed broadband subscription in the E

26、U (% of households), 2012-201927 HYPERLINK l _bookmark43 Figure 21 Households with a fixed broadband subscription (% of households), 2019 27 HYPERLINK l _bookmark45 Figure 22 Households with a fixed broadband subscription of at least 100 Mbps (% of households) HYPERLINK l _bookmark45 2012 2019 28 HY

27、PERLINK l _bookmark46 Figure 23 Households with a fixed broadband subscription of at least 100 Mbps (% of households), HYPERLINK l _bookmark46 2019 28 HYPERLINK l _bookmark47 Figure 24 Fixed broadband subscriptions technology market shares in the EU (% of subscriptions), HYPERLINK l _bookmark47 July

28、 2006-July 2019 29 HYPERLINK l _bookmark48 Figure 25 Fixed broadband subscriptions technology market shares in the EU (% of subscriptions), HYPERLINK l _bookmark48 July 2019 30 HYPERLINK l _bookmark49 Figure 26 NGA subscriptions (millions) by technology in the EU, July 2012-July 2019 31 HYPERLINK l

29、_bookmark50 Figure 27 Fixed broadband subscriptions operator market shares in the EU (% of subscriptions), HYPERLINK l _bookmark50 January 2006-July 2019 32 HYPERLINK l _bookmark51 Figure 28 Incumbent operator market share by technology in the EU (% of subscriptions), July 2019 HYPERLINK l _bookmark

30、51 32 HYPERLINK l _bookmark52 Figure 29 Fixed broadband subscriptions operator market shares in the EU (% of subscriptions), HYPERLINK l _bookmark52 July 2019 32 HYPERLINK l _bookmark54 Figure 30 Mobile broadband penetration in the EU (subscriptions per 100 people), July 2009-July HYPERLINK l _bookm

31、ark54 2019 33 HYPERLINK l _bookmark55 Figure 31 Mobile broadband penetration (subscriptions per 100 people), July 2019 33 HYPERLINK l _bookmark56 Figure 32 Households using only mobile broadband at home (% of households), 2019 34 HYPERLINK l _bookmark57 Figure 33 5G readiness (assigned spectrum as a

32、 % of total harmonised 5G spectrum), 2020 35 HYPERLINK l _bookmark58 Figure 34 Numbers of 5G cities and reported 5G trials in EU Member States, January 2020 36 HYPERLINK l _bookmark59 Figure 35 A map of 5G digital cross-border corridors in the EU Member States, January 2020 37 HYPERLINK l _bookmark6

33、2 Figure 36 Broadband price index all baskets (score 0-100, 100 being the best) 2020 38 HYPERLINK l _bookmark63 Figure 37 Broadband price index baskets with fixed offers only (score 0-100, 100 being the best) HYPERLINK l _bookmark63 2020 38 HYPERLINK l _bookmark64 Figure 38 Broadband price index bas

34、kets with mobile offers only (score 0-100, 100 being the best), HYPERLINK l _bookmark64 2020 39 HYPERLINK l _bookmark65 Figure 39 Broadband price index baskets with converged fixed & mobile offers only (score 0-100, HYPERLINK l _bookmark65 100 being the best), 2020 39 HYPERLINK l _bookmark69 Figure

35、40 WiFi4EU - Country allocation 42 HYPERLINK l _bookmark72 Figure 41 Assigned radio spectrum for wireless broadband in harmonised EU bands (April 2020) 44 HYPERLINK l _bookmark77 Figure 42 Article 7 cases as at 19/05/2020 46 HYPERLINK l _bookmark82 Figure 43 EEA retail roaming data traffic (millions

36、 GB) 48 HYPERLINK l _bookmark89 Figure 44 Deployment of advanced mobile location 50 HYPERLINK l _bookmark93 Figure 45 Human capital dimension (Score 0-100), 2019 52Digital Economy and Society Index 2020Thematic chapters HYPERLINK l _bookmark96 Figure 46 Digital skills (% of individuals), 20152019()

37、53 HYPERLINK l _bookmark98 Figure 47 At least basic software skills (% of individuals), 2019 53 HYPERLINK l _bookmark101 Figure 48 Hard to fill vacancies (% of enterprises that recruited or tried to recruit ICT specialists), HYPERLINK l _bookmark101 2019 54 HYPERLINK l _bookmark102 Figure 49 ICT spe

38、cialists (% of total employment), 2018 55 HYPERLINK l _bookmark104 Figure 50 EU Code Week (number of activities worldwide) 2015-2019 55 HYPERLINK l _bookmark105 Figure 51 EU Code Week (number of participants worldwide) 2015-2019 55 HYPERLINK l _bookmark106 Figure 52 Female participation in EU Code W

39、eek (% of participants), 2019 56 HYPERLINK l _bookmark110 Figure 53 Use of internet services (Score 0-100), 2020 58 HYPERLINK l _bookmark112 Figure 54 Regular internet users at least once a week (% of individuals), 2019 58 HYPERLINK l _bookmark114 Figure 55 People who never used the internet (% of i

40、ndividuals), 2019 59 HYPERLINK l _bookmark116 Figure 56 Online activities (% of internet users), 2018 or 2019 60 HYPERLINK l _bookmark118 Figure 57 Online shopping (% of internet users) by age groups, 2019 60 HYPERLINK l _bookmark119 Figure 58 Online shopping (% of internet users) by education level

41、, 2019 60 HYPERLINK l _bookmark121 Figure 59 Frequency of online shopping by age groups (% of individuals who purchased online in the HYPERLINK l _bookmark121 last 3 months), 2019 61 HYPERLINK l _bookmark123 Figure 60 Selling online in the last three months (% of internet users), 2019 62 HYPERLINK l

42、 _bookmark126 Figure 61 Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) 2020, integration of digital technologies 63 HYPERLINK l _bookmark127 Figure 62 Integration of digital technologies, business digitisation index, 2020 64 HYPERLINK l _bookmark128 Figure 63 Integration of digital technologies, e-commerc

43、e index, 2020 64 HYPERLINK l _bookmark130 Figure 64 Digital Intensity Index indicators tracking digitisation processes (% enterprises), 2019 65 HYPERLINK l _bookmark131 Figure 65 Digital Intensity Index by level (% of enterprises), 2019 65 HYPERLINK l _bookmark133 Figure 66 Enterprises employing ICT

44、 specialists (% of enterprises), 2014-2019 66 HYPERLINK l _bookmark134 Figure 67 Enterprises employing ICT specialists (% of enterprises), 2019 66 HYPERLINK l _bookmark136 Figure 68 Adoption of digital technologies (% entreprises), 2019 66 HYPERLINK l _bookmark138 Figure 69 Cloud computing services

45、of medium-high sophistication (% of enterprises), 2018 67 HYPERLINK l _bookmark139 Figure 70 Cloud computing services of medium-high sophistication per country (% of enterprises), HYPERLINK l _bookmark139 2018 67 HYPERLINK l _bookmark140 Figure 71 EU public cloud service revenues per category (forec

46、ast revenues for 2020 and 2021) ( HYPERLINK l _bookmark140 million), 2018 2021 68 HYPERLINK l _bookmark141 Figure 72 Revenue of the top 4 SaaS Applications as share of total SaaS EU (forecast revenues for HYPERLINK l _bookmark141 2020 and 2021) ( million), 2018 2021 68 HYPERLINK l _bookmark143 Figur

47、e 73 Enterprises analysing big data from any data source (% of enterprises), 2018 69 HYPERLINK l _bookmark144 Figure 74 Sources used by enterprises to analyse big data (% of enterprises), 2018 69 HYPERLINK l _bookmark146 Figure 75 Trends in e-commerce (% of enterprises, % of turnover), 2013-2019 70

48、HYPERLINK l _bookmark147 Figure 76 Online sales broken down by own website or apps and marketplace (% enterprises), 2019 HYPERLINK l _bookmark147 70 HYPERLINK l _bookmark149 Figure 77 Web sales to own country and other EU countries (% of enterprises), 2019 71 HYPERLINK l _bookmark150 Figure 78 Diffi

49、culties when selling to other EU countries (% of enterprises with web sales to other EU HYPERLINK l _bookmark150 countries), 2019 72 HYPERLINK l _bookmark152 Figure 79 Enterprises exploiting B2C, B2B and B2G opportunities (% of enterprises), 2019 72Digital Economy and Society Index 2020Thematic chap

50、ters HYPERLINK l _bookmark153 Figure 80 Enterprises exploiting B2B and B2G opportunities (% of enterprises), 2013-2019 73 HYPERLINK l _bookmark154 Figure 81 Enterprises exploiting B2C opportunities of online sales (% of enterprises with B2C online HYPERLINK l _bookmark154 sales more than 10% of the

51、web sales), between 2013 and 2019 73 HYPERLINK l _bookmark157 Figure 82 Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) 2020, digital public services 74 HYPERLINK l _bookmark159 Figure 83 e-Government users submitting filled-in forms to public authorities in the last 12 months HYPERLINK l _bookmark159 (% o

52、f all internet users needing to submit filled forms to public authorities), 2013-2019 75 HYPERLINK l _bookmark160 Figure 84 e-Government users submitting filled forms to public authorities over the Internet in the HYPERLINK l _bookmark160 last 12 months (% of all internet users needing to submit for

53、ms to public authorities), 2019 75 HYPERLINK l _bookmark162 Figure 85 Pre-filled forms (Score 0 to 100), 2019 76 HYPERLINK l _bookmark164 Figure 86 Online service completion (score 0 to 100), 2019 77 HYPERLINK l _bookmark167 Figure 87 e-Government services for businesses (Score 0 to 100), 2013-2019

54、78 HYPERLINK l _bookmark168 Figure 88 e-Government services for businesses (Score 0 to 100), 2019 78 HYPERLINK l _bookmark171 Figure 89 Open data (% of the maximum open data score), 2019 79 HYPERLINK l _bookmark173 Figure 90 User centricity breakdown (Score 0 to 100), 2017-2019 80 HYPERLINK l _bookm

55、ark174 Figure 91 User centricity (Score 0 to 100), 2019 80 HYPERLINK l _bookmark176 Figure 92 Key enablers progress (Score 0 to 100), 2017-2019 81 HYPERLINK l _bookmark177 Figure 93 Key enablers (Score 0 to 100), 2019 81 HYPERLINK l _bookmark178 Figure 94 Key enablers progress in Member States (Scor

56、e 0 to 100), 2019 81 HYPERLINK l _bookmark180 Figure 95 Cross-border mobility (Score 0-100), 2017-2019 82 HYPERLINK l _bookmark181 Figure 96 Cross-border mobility (Score 0-100), 2019 82 HYPERLINK l _bookmark189 Figure 97 Size of the blockchain market worldwide, 2018-2023, in $ billion 84 HYPERLINK l

57、 _bookmark190 Figure 98 Blockchain market value worldwide in 2018, by sector 84 HYPERLINK l _bookmark195 Figure 99 Share of blockchain funding in the EU, 2009-2018 86 HYPERLINK l _bookmark203 Figure 100 Total number of blockchain scientific publications vs. patent applications worldwide, HYPERLINK l

58、 _bookmark203 2009-2018 87 HYPERLINK l _bookmark205 Figure 101 HPC server market vs. HPC broader market revenue worldwide, 2015-2022, in $ billion. 87 HYPERLINK l _bookmark206 Figure 102 World Top 500 supercomputers, regional share 2019 88 HYPERLINK l _bookmark211 Figure 103 Total number of HPC scie

59、ntific publications vs. patent applications worldwide, 2009-2018 HYPERLINK l _bookmark211 89 HYPERLINK l _bookmark216 Figure 104 Size of the enterprise quantum computing market worldwide 2017-2030, in $ billion 90 HYPERLINK l _bookmark220 Figure 105 Government funding/investment in quantum technolog

60、y 91 HYPERLINK l _bookmark223 Figure 106 Total number of Quantum scientific publications vs. patent applications worldwide, 2009- HYPERLINK l _bookmark223 2017 92 HYPERLINK l _bookmark232 Figure 107 Size of data economy in EU27, 2018 vs. 2025, in billion 93 HYPERLINK l _bookmark238 Figure 108 Total