2012版英语一轮知识点学案：Unit1《Alandofdiversity》（新人教版选修8）

1、 世纪金榜 圆您梦想 第 PAGE 12页（共 NUMPAGES 12页） 英语投稿咨询QQ：1123682317 山东世纪金榜书业有限公司2012版英语一轮知识点学案：Unit1A land of diversity（新人教版选修8）.重要单词聚焦1distinction n差别；区分；卓著2meansn. 手段；方法3majority n. 大多数；大半4hardshipn. 苦难；困苦5elect vt. 选择；决定做某事；选举某人6boom n. (人口、贸易的)繁荣 vi. 处于经济迅速发展时期7pole n. 地极；电极；磁极8applicantn. 申请人9customsn. 海

2、关；关税；进口税10occurvi. 发生；出现11cattle n. 牛(总称)12indicatevt. 指出；标示；表明；暗示13luggage n. 行李(美baggage)14shave(shaved；shaved，shaven) vt.& vi.刮；剃15apparent adj. 显而易见的；显然的；表面上的16slip vi. 滑动；滑行；滑跤n. 滑动；滑倒17hire vt.& n. 租用；雇用18nowhere adv. 无处；到处都无19punishment n. 处罚；惩罚20justice n. 正义；公平21reformvt.& vi. 改革；革新 n. 改革；改

3、造；改良22graspvt.& n. 抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会23thankfuladj. 感激的；感谢的.重点短语扫描1live on继续存在；继续生存2by means of. 用办法；借助3make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等4keep up坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)5teamup with 与合作或一起工作6mark out 画线；标出界线7Takein 包括；吸收8a great/good many许多；很多9apply for申请；请示得到10in addition另外11 achieve ones dream 实现梦想12admire the view 欣赏风景.

4、课文原句突破1Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.信息提取by means of用某种办法，借助于某事物。例句仿写思想可以借助于音乐来表达。Thoughts can also_ _ _ _ _ _.【答案】be expressed by means of music2By the time California elected to

5、 become the thirtyfirst federal state of the USA in 1850，it was already a multicultural society.信息提取by the time连词，意为“到时”。例句仿写当他14岁的时候，他就已经自学了数学。_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _he had learnt maths by himself.【答案】By the time he was fourteen years old3However，it is likely that Native Americans were living in California

6、 at least fifteen thousand years ago.信息提取It is likely that.有可能。例句仿写他有可能不参加会议_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _the meeting.【答案】It is likely that he will not attend4It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups，but simply a mixtur

7、e of many races and cultures.信息提取It is believed that.人们相信。例句仿写人们相信辛勤工作就能成功。_ _ _ _hard work can lead to success.【答案】It is believed thatmeans n手段；方法As is known to us，telephone is a useful means of communication.众所周知，电话是一种有用的通讯工具。Every possible means has been used to prevent the air pollution，but the

8、sky is still not very clear.为防止空气污染，每种可能的方法都已用过了，但天空仍然不清澈。(1)by means of 借用，依靠We express our feelings by means of words.我们用语言来表达感情。(2)by no meansnot at all一点也不By no means am I satisfied with my present job.我对目前的工作一点也不满意。(3)by this means通过这种方式You can do it by this means.你可以用这种办法去做。 (4)by all means 可以

9、，当然行，务必May I use your bicycle?我可以用你的自行车吗？By all means！当然可以！1In many places in China，_bicycle is still_popular means of transportation.Aa；theB/；aCthe；a Dthe；the【解析】句意为：在中国的许多地方，自行车仍然是一种受欢迎的交通工具。“the单数名词”指的是整个类别，这个类别是可以区别于另外一个类别的。而popular means of transportation应该有很多种，自行车只是其中一种，故用不定冠词a。【答案】Cmajority n

10、大多数；大半He won the seat with a majority of 71 votes.他以71票的优势赢得了该席位。A majority of people believe smoking is harmful to health.大多数人相信吸烟有害健康。(1)单独用做主语，谓语动词用单数、复数均可。The majority were/was against the plan.大多数人反对这个计划。(2)单独用做主语，如果后面的表语是复数，那么谓语动词也用复数。The majority who attended the meeting yesterday are student

11、s.昨天参加会议的大多数是学生。The majority of the damage is easy to repair.这次的损失大部分容易补救。2Dont worry about the present situation in the world；_of people prefer peace to war.Athe most Bthe great partCthe majority Dthe number【答案】COccur(1)vi.发生I was going along the street looking for a place to park when the accident

12、 occurred.我正沿街寻找停车点时，突然发生了事故。Just then an idea occurred to me.就在那时，我想起了一个主意。It occurred to her that she might adopt a homeless child.她突然想她可能会收养一个无家可归的孩子。Then a practical idea hit/struck/occurred to her!那时他突然想到一个切合实际的主意！It suddenly struck me how we could improve the situation.我一下子明白我们如何改善局面了。It sudde

13、nly occurred to me that we could use a computer to do the job.我突然想到我们可以用计算机来做这项工作。3Why are you so late?I was in half the way when it_to me that I had left my notebook home，so I had to fetch it.Aoccurred BhitChappened Dreminded【解析】答语意为：走到半路时，我突然想起我把笔记本忘在家里了，因此我不得不回去取。It occurred to sb.为一固定句型，意为“某人突然想

14、起”。【答案】Akeep up 坚持，维持，沿袭(风俗、传统等)We sang as we marched to keep our spirits up.我们一面行进一面唱歌以保持高昂的情绪。We should keep up our good traditions.我们应该沿袭我们的优良传统。I hope the fine weather will keep up.我希望好天气能保持下去。(1)keep (on) doing sth.继续、重复做某事(2)keep sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事(3)keep on继续(4)keep up with.跟上，与同步前进She

15、 kept on working although she was tired.她虽疲劳但仍继续工作。Dave couldnt keep up with the rest of his class.德夫跟不上班里的其他同学。Dont give up；keep on trying.别放弃，继续努力。4Would you slow down a bit，please？I cant _you.Akeep up with Bput up withCmake up to Dhold on to【解析】keep up with意为赶得上，跟得上，不落后于，符合语境要求；put up with忍受；make

16、 up to讨好(某人)，奉承，接近；hold on to抓住不放，执著于。句意为：请慢点儿走好吗？我跟不上你。【答案】A5In the face of all these difficulties，were not discouraged and our spirits_well.Akeep up Bgo upChold up Dpick up【解析】考查动词词组辨析。句意为：面对着所有的这些困难，我们没有气馁，而是继续保持斗志。keep up继续保持；go up上升；hold up支撑，耽搁；pick up捡起，接收。【答案】Atake in(1)包括；包含The tour takes i

17、n six European capitals.这次旅游包括六个欧洲国家的首都。(2)允许某人寄宿家中She was homeless so we took her in.她无家可归，我们就收留了她。(3)欺骗(愚弄)某人She took me in completely with her story.她用谎话把我完全蒙蔽了。(4)吸收，吸入(空气，水等)Take in a deep breath深吸一口气(5)理解(吸收)所见所闻I hope youre taking in what Im saying.我希望你能理解我说的话。6 Dont be_by products promising

18、to make you lose weight quickly.Ataken off Btaken outCtaken away Dtaken in【解析】根据句意“不要被那些许诺能让你快速减肥的产品所欺骗”。take off拿去；取消；脱(衣帽)；飞机起飞；take out 拿出，取出；去掉，带；take in接受；吸收；收容；领会；包含，欺骗；take away 拿走，夺去；使离去。【答案】Da great/good many许多；很多Tom found that there were a great/good many people already there.汤姆发现那儿已经有很多人了

19、。It seems that a great /good many of them are out of work now.似乎他们中的许多人现在失业了。A great many of the flowers were white.那些花多数是白色的。a good/great many后接复数名词，但a good/great many后接of时，必须加限定词，如these/those/the/ones等，然后再加名词复数。A good many of those students like this song.那些学生中有很多喜欢这首歌。7_the houses were knocked do

20、wn in the earthquake.AA great many BThe number ofCA great many of DA great deal of【解析】名词前有the，these，those及my，your等物主代词时，a great many后要加of。【答案】Capply for申请，请求She applied for a job as an English teacher.她应聘英语教师的工作。We had to apply to the government for financial help.我们只好向政府申请财务援助。What you said doesnt

21、apply to me.你所说的并不适合我。You cant apply this rule to every case.这个规则并不能适用于所有的状况。(2)apply oneself to (doing) sth.专注于；专心做某事He applied himself to learning English.他专心学英语。8To travel to the United States，you must first apply_the American Embassy_your visa.Afor；to Bto；forCfor；for Dto；to【解析】考查apply短语的用法。apply

22、 to sb.for sth.向某人申请某物。句意为：要去美国旅行，你要首先向美国大使馆申请签证。【答案】BThat is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.这就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。句中的why引导的为表语从句，注意以下句式区别(1)Thats why.这就是为什么(why从句表示结果)(2)Thats because.这是因为(because从句表示原因)(3)The reason why.is/was that.的原因是

23、(表语从句常用that引导，而不用because ）Tom came late for the meeting.That was because he was ill.汤姆开会迟到了，那是他病了。Tom was ill.That was why he came late for the meeting.汤姆病了，那就是他开会迟到的原因。The reason why Tom came late for the meeting was that he was ill.汤姆开会迟到的原因是他病了。9 Is this the reason_she explained in the report for

24、 her success in the job?Awhat BthatChow Dwhy【解析】考查定语从句。因此处关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作宾语，故此处只能用that，which或省略。【答案】B10The reason_death was feared was_no man could experience it twice.Awhy；that Bwhy；becauseCwhy；why Dbecause；that【解析】句意为：人们之所以恐惧死亡，是因为无人能经历两次。【答案】AHowever，it is likely that Native Americans were living

25、 in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.然而，可能美洲土著人至少一万五千年前就生活在加利福尼亚。本句式中it为形式主语，真正的主语为that从句。It is likely that.是可能的，此句型可转化为：sb./sth.be likely to do.某人/物可能干某事。Shes very likely to ring me tonight.Its likely that she will ring me tonight.她今晚很可能给我打电话。It is likely/that the weather will be fine

26、.The weather is likely to be fine.天气可能会很晴朗。11It is very_that，in many schools，the students are going to spend less time in doing homework than they used to.Apossibly BprobablyClovely Dlikely【解析】句意为：在很多学校学生做作业的时间可能将比原来少。用it is likely that句型，其他三个词不用于这个结构。【答案】D12Since he was 67，it didnt seem_that he wou

27、ld continue long in that position.Aimpossible BnecessaryCparticular Dlikely【解析】考查形容词。句意为：他已经67岁了，看起来不可能在那个职位上待很长时间了。A、B选项用于Its impossible/important/necessary/unusual that.句型，that从句常用should动词原形，而非would动词原形。C项不符合题意，故选D。【答案】D.单词拼写1All the_(行李) the passengers bring with them needs to be examined twice a

28、t the Liuting International Airport during the Beijing Olympic Games.【答案】luggage2Many_(申请人) applied for the wellpaid job，but none of them were accepted by the company.【答案】applicants3A high fever_(表明) that a persons body is fighting disease.【答案】indicates4It is_(显然的) from scientific studies that the d

29、rug produces severe side effects.【答案】apparent5The old man_(滑倒) on the icy road and broke his leg.【答案】slipped.选词填空take in；by means of；make a life；the majority of；mark out1The actress rose to fame overnight_her perfect performance in the film.【答案】by means of2_students were in favour of the suggestion

30、that they go out for a picnic the next day.【答案】The majority of3Please_the mistakes I made in my composition.【答案】mark out4The students found it easy to_what their teacher had taught.【答案】take in5The young men in the rural areas have to leave for big cities to_.【答案】make a life.易错模块1Do you think we shou

31、ld put an ad in the paper for the lost child?Yes，_.Athats all right Bby all meansCit just depends Dnever mind【解析】考查交际用语。A项表示“没关系”，相当于D项，用于回答别人的歉意，不合题意；B项表示“当然可以”，为正确选项；C项表示“看情况而定”，与前面的Yes矛盾。【答案】B2The police looked into the case carefully and found the thief had entered the house_a ladder.Aby the mea

32、ns Bby all meansCby ways of Dby means of【解析】考查介词短语辨析。by means of此处意为“凭借；以方式”。【答案】D3She couldnt speak，but made her wishes known_sign.Aby means of Bby any meansCby all means Dby no means【解析】句意为：她不能说话，但通过手语让别人了解了她的愿望。by means of sign在此意为“靠着/凭借手语”。【答案】A4But by no means_with my progress.Athe teacher is not satisfiedBis the teacher not satisfiedCthe teacher is satisfiedDis the teacher satisfied【解析】by no