2020年高考英语语法专项突破训练专题10-动词的时态

1、专题十动词的时态重难点分析高考中通常把时态和语境结合起来考查（常在语法填空和短文改错两个题型中考查）。题干中往往没有明确的时间状语，需要考生搜索出时间参照信息。英语有 16种时态，中学阶段常用的是10种（也是本专题需要讲解的10种）。、动词的基本形式一览表形式变化规则构成方法例词原形see, finish, teach, touch现在时第三人称单数形式一般情况加-slooklooks, write writes以ch, sh, s, x结尾加-esteach teaches, finishfinishes, guess guesses, mixmixes以o结尾加-esdodoes, gog

2、oes以辅音字母+y”结尾变y为i,加-estry tries, cry cries过去式、过去分词规则变化一般情况加-edstaystayed, looklooked以不发音e结尾直接加-ddecidedecided, hope hoped以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只L个辅音字母双写这个辅音字母再加-edstopstopped, admit admitted以辅音字母+y”结尾变y为i,加-edcarrycarried, try tried现在分词一般情况加-inggogoing, readreading以不发音e结尾去e,再加-inghavehaving, write writing以重读闭音

3、节结尾，末尾只L个辅音字母双写这个辅音字母再加-ingcutcutting, run running、常用的10种动词时态的构成及其常用时间状语一览表时态构成常用时间状语一般现在时动词原形（第三人称单数）always, usually, often, sometimes, every 等一般过去时动词过去式yesterday, the day before yesterday, the other day, last ，筑o一般将来时will(shall)+动词原形tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next等，inbe going to+动词原形 daybe

4、about to+动词原形过去将来时would+动词原形多用于间接引语的宾语从句中现在进行时am(is, are)+现在分词now, during these days 等过去进行时was(were)+现在分词at eight yesterday, at this time yesterday 等将来进行时will(shall)+be+ 现在分词at eight tomorrow, at this time tomorrow 等现在完成时have(has)+过去分词already, just, yet, since, for 等过去完成时had+过去分词by，before 等现在完成进行时ha

5、ve(has)+been+现在分词for，since 等三、注意以下几种时态的区别一般过去时和现在完成时一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态，常和表过去的时间状语连用，即仅谈过去，不谈现在。如：I wrote a letter this morning.今天早上我写了一封信。(只说明写过一封信的事实，现在不是早上了)(2)现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或状态，但和现在有联系，可能刚结束，也可能继续下去。不能和 表过去的时间状语连用，译成汉语时可加已经”。如：I have written a letter this morning.今天早上我已经写了一封信。(已经写了一封信，有继续写第二封的可能，

6、现在还是早上)一般过去时和过去进行时1) 一般过去时侧重于说明发生某动作的事实。如：It rained heavily last night.昨晚下的雨很大。(强调下雨，并不弓11调持续时间)(2)过去进行时侧重于强调在过去某个特定时间某动作的持续过程或表示动作正在进行。如：It was raining cats and dogs last night.昨晚一直在下倾盆大雨。(强调没停，一直持续 ).现在完成时和现在完成进行时(1)现在完成时在含义上着重表示动作的结果。如：I have read the book.我已经读了那本书。(已读完)(2)现在完成进行时着重表示动作一直在进行，即动作的

7、延续性。如：I have been reading that book all the morning. 今天早上我一直在读那本书。(还没读完)考点练透、单句填空用所给动词或根据汉语提示填入动词的正确形式。(1) Remember the first time we (meet)? Of course. You (study) in Beijing University then.Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she (study)English for a y

8、ear.(1) The government two factories in this region since the end of last year.The government two factories in this region by the end of this year. (build)(1) It ten years since we left school.It two years before we leave school. (be)They (work) on the program for almost one week before I joined the

9、m, and now we(still work) on it as no good results have come out so far.The pen I (think) I (lose) is on my desk, right under my nose.If their marketing plans succeed, they (increase) their sales by 20 percent.She said that it (be) the second time she (see) the film.I don t really work here. I (just

10、 help) out until the new secretary arrives.Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 2039 (take) off at 18:40. How are you today? Oh, I (not feel) as ill as I do now for a very long time.(1) My good friend from Guangdong.My good friend from Guangdong last week. (come)(1) Where (be) you? (你在哪儿？ )Where

11、you ? (be) (你去了哪？ )Where he ? (go) (他去哪了？ )(1) Mr. John (teach) English in China for two years. ( 不在中国了 )Mr. John (teach) English in China for two years. ( 也许仍在中国 )(1) I (read) that novel. ( 读过那本小说了 )I (read) that novel all the morning. ( 一直在读那本小说 )(1) When I got there, he the work. ( 做完那工作了 )When I

12、 got there, he the work carefully. ( 正在认真地做工作)When I got there, he the work. ( 刚要做工作)二、语篇填空用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。When he was a little boy, Christopher Cockerell once watched his mother turning the wheel of her sewing machine with her hand.Wouldnt it work quickly if a machine 1(turn) the wheel for you? ” he

13、 asked.“suppose I would,“ said his mother, without paying any attention to him.Christopher 2(know) she always had a lot of work, and he wanted to help. In his bedroom there was a toy steam-engine which his father 3(buy) himas a gift. I 4(make) better use of it,“little Christopher said to himself. So

14、, when hismother5(not use)her sewingmachine, he fixed thetoy steam-engine onto it. When the job 6(finish), he was quite pleased, thinking his mother 7 (like) it.Very clever,“ his mother said, when she saw it. Then she sad down and went on turning the wheel by hand.“I 8(work) like this for too many y

15、ears, she explained.This taught Christopher the lesson that anyone who 9(try) to improve anything 10 (have) to learn: Many people don t like new ideas.三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Every student will be faced with the same question when he passes the College Entrance Examination: should he c

16、hoose a good major 1 a good university? Different people will come up 2 different answers.Some students 3 (choose) a good major. What they really care is what they like most. To their mind, 4 or not the university is famous doesnastlongttes he works hard, he can learn well in any university,and 5 br

17、ight future is awaiting him.Other students pay more attention to the fame and quality of the universities. They pay great attention to the university 6 a good university is a symbol of good job prospects. How can you have a broad horizon if you receive your 7 (high) education at a small college or i

18、n a little town?In my personal opinion, the best 8 (choose) is a good major at a good university. 9 is known to all, only if we try our best to study can we get the chance. If we cannot obtain 10 , I think the first thing to consider is a good major itself.助读词汇await vt.等待fame n.名声obtain vt. 获得to one

19、 s mind某人来看pay more attention to 更力口注意job prospect 工作前景broad horizon 广阔的视里予College Entrance Examination 高考参考答案考点练透一、单句填空met, were studying; has been studying 2. has built; will have built 3. has been; will be 4. had been working; are still working 5. thought; had lost 6. will increase 7. was; had se

20、en 8. am just helping 9. takes 10. havent felt 11. comes; came 12. are; have, been; has, gone 13. taught; has taught 14. have read; have been reading 15. had done; was doing; was about to do二、语篇填空turned 2. knew 3. had bought 4. will/shall make 5. was not using 6. was finished 7. would like 8. have been working 9. tries 10. has三、语法填空高考后所有学生都面临一个问题到底是选专业还是选学校？对此，不同的人有不同的看法。作者认为在好的大学读好的专业是最好的，如果不能二者兼之，那么还