初中名词专练

1、学习必备欢迎下载专题：名词词类：英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy,morning,bag,ball,class,2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who,she,you,it.3、形容词(adj.)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good,right,white,orange.4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one,two,three,first,second,third,fourth.5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am,is,are,have,s

2、ee.6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now,very,here,often,quietly,slowly.7、冠词(art.)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a,an,the.8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in,on,from,above,9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and,but,before.10、感叹词(interj.)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh,well,hi,hello.一、名词的分类类别意义例词专有名词表示人、地方、事物、机构、组织等Lucy,China,theGr

3、eatWall,theGreatHall名称的词ofthePeople普通名词可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词物质名词表示个体的人或事物的词表示一群人或一些事物的词表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词dictionary,pencil,chair,windowfamily,police,class,group,teamrice,glass,water,porridge,paper,air,wood,wheat,bread抽象名词表示状态、品质、行为、感情等抽象knowledge,danger,health,life,homework,二、可数名词的复数形式(一)名词复数构成规律：情况一般情况以-

4、s,-x,-ch,-sh等结尾的词辅音字母+y结尾的词以f和fe结尾的词以o结尾的词概念的词构成方法+s+es改y为i，+es变f(fe)为ves1、有生命体的+es,2、无生命体的+sinterest,love例词cakegrapemonthbookwatchboxbusbossbeautycountybabyladyfactoryleafwifewolfknifelifethiefNegroheropotatotomatomango黑人英雄喜欢吃土豆、番茄和芒果。radiozoopianophoto（二）一些不规则变化特例：manmenwoman-womentooth-teethfoot-

5、feetgoosegeesemouse-micechild-childrendeer-deersheep-sheepfish-fishChineseChineseJapaneseJapanesepoliceman-policemen（与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women）EnglishmanEnglishmenFrenchmanFrenchmen（三）某国人变复数，记住以下的顺口溜：学习必备欢迎下载中日不变，英法改变，其他后面加sChineseChineseJapaneseJapaneseEnglishmanEnglishmenFrenchmanFrenchm

6、enAmericanAmericansGerman-Germans（四）复合词的复数:改中心词为复数girlstudentgirlstudents注意：man和woman等作定语时构成合成词时，两个词都变成复数形式。例如：womanteacher-womenteachersman-menteachers(五)表示复数的名词（复合名词）注意:有些集体名词如family,team,class,police等表示一个整体时,谓语动词应用单数;表示各成员时,谓语动词应该用复数形式.Myfamily_(be)abigone.Allmyfamily_(be)inChinanow.（六）数词+名词作定语时,

7、这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符.例如:ten-minutewalk,an8-year-oldgirl,aten-milewalk(七)看似复数实际是单数的名词：以s结尾，仍为单数的名词如a.maths，politics，physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数。b.news为不可数名词。c.theUnitedStates，theUnitedNations应视为单数。1.Nonews_goodnews.(be)2.Ithinkmaths_(be)veryimportant.(八)既可作可数又可作不可数的名词：可数/不可数chicken小鸡/鸡肉room房间/空间；位置work作

8、品/工作paper论文;报纸/纸glass玻璃杯/玻璃time次；倍/时间wood树林/木头fish(各种)鱼/鱼肉exercise练习/运动；锻炼light灯/光fruit(各种)水果/水果orange橙子/橙汁(九)常用不可数名词bread;meat;rice;food;water;tea;milk;coffee;juice,beer,porridge,paper;grass;news;advice;music;information;sugar;chocolate;jam;hair;ice;chalk,ink,rain;snow;sun;wind;work;help;love;hope;

9、weather;money,furniturework,homework,housework(十)不可数名词量的表示方法.Many/afew+可数名词much/alittle+不可数名词some/alotof+可数不可数名词不可数名词不能与数词连用，若要表示相应的数量，则需要借助一定的单位词学习必备欢迎下载1、借助表示“张”、“块”的单位词apieceofpaperapieceofmusicapieceofinformationapieceofadvice一条建议apieceofnews一条新闻apieceofchalk2.借助表示容量的词abottleofink一瓶墨水acupoftea一杯

10、茶abowlofrice一碗米饭aglassofbeer一杯啤酒三.名词所有格用来表示人或物的所有,以及领属关系。表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加s其复数形式是s,如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加s,如:astudentsroom,studentsrooms,ChildrensDay.在表示时间、距离、世界、国家名词的所有格要用s,如:atwentyminuteswalk.但无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构,如:thecapitalofourcountry,thecolouroftheflowers。分类构成方法例子表示有生命的名词（1）在单数名词后加+s。的所有（2）以s结尾的复数名词格

11、后只加。（3）不以s结尾的复数名词后要加s。如某一物体属于两个或者两个以上名词TheteachersofficeTheteachersofficeBoysgameTheChildrensPalaceThePeopleofRepublicofChinaJohnandMaryshouseisbig.所共有，只需在后一个并列名词词尾加s；如果不是，（房子属于他们两人共有）则需在各个并列名词后面分别JohnsandMaryshousesarebig加上s。（房子属于他们分别拥有）表示无生命的名词一般用“of+名词”表示所有格双重所有格of+ones或of+名词性物主代词Thedoorsofourcla

12、ssroomThecapitalofChinaAnoldfriendofhis;Afriendofmybrothers四、名词的用法1、作主语Englishisuseful.英语很有用。2、作定语：名词作定语，一般用单数形式papertiger纸老虎workplace工作的地方3、作宾语ShelearnsEnglishhardeveryday.她天天努力学英语。4、做表语Tomismygoodfriend.汤姆是我的好朋友。5、作宾语补足语Theychosetheboymonitor.他们选那个男孩当班长。名词专项练习：练一练：把下面的名词变成它的复数形式season_form_plan_bu

13、s_watch_tomato_hobby_city_toy_monkey_wife_leaf_man_woman_sheep_mouse_foot_选择：1.Someoftheforeignfriendsare_,theothersare_.A.Japanese;GermansB.Japanese;GermenC.Japaneses;Germans2.Three_areeatingthegrassatthefootofthemountain.A.sheepsB.sheepC.sheepesD.ships3.Wecanseetwo_inthepicture.学习必备欢迎下载A.appletree

14、B.applestreesC.appletreesD.applestree4.-Goodnews.Wewillhavea_holiday,-Ihaveheardofit,Butitscomingin_A.threedays;threedaysB.threedays;threedaysC.three-day;threedays5._wenttoJapanyesterday.A.TheWhitesB.TheWhitesC.TheWhite6MrBlackgaveus_onhowtolearnEnglishwell.A.anadviceB.manyadvicesC.someadviceD.somea

15、dvices7.Theyoungwomanis_Englishteacher.AMarysandLilyB.MarysandLilysC.MaryandLilys8.Herunclefeelshappybecauseheheardfrom_A.aoldfriendofhimB.anoldfriendofhisC.anoldfriendofhim9、Withwhomdidyouwatch2010WorldCupOpeningCeremony?_.A.AfriendofmineB.AfriendofmeC.Afriendofmysister10.September10this_Day.ATeach

16、erBTeachersCTeachersDTeachers11.June1stis_.A.ChildrensdayB.childrensDayC.ChildrensDayD.12.Hurryup!Thereis_timeleft.AlittleBalittleCfewDafew13.Shanghaiisoneofthebiggest_inourcountry.AcityBcitysCcitysDcities14.Wouldyoupleasepassme_?AtwopaperBtwopapersCtwopiecesofpaperDtwopiecesofpapers15.Tonyisafriend

17、of_.A.MarysmothersB.motherofMarysC.Marymothers16.Whatwouldyoulike,Ann?Idliketwo_.AglassofmilkBglassesofmilkCglassofmilksDglassesofmilks17.Allthestudentsarebusy,so_ofthemwillgotothecinema.AmanyBlittleCafewDfew18Therearethree_andseven_inthepicture.Adeers,sheepsBdeers,sheepCdeer,sheepDdeer,sheeps19.The

18、ygotmuch_fromthosenewbooks.A.ideasB.photosC.newsD.stories20.Ihavetwo_andthreebottlesof_here.A.orange,orangeB.oranges,orangesC.oranges,orangeD.orange,oranges21.EveryeveningMr.Kingtakesa_tohishome.A.25minuteswalkB.25minuteswalkC.25minutewalkD.25minuteswalk22.Helpyourselfto_.A.chickensandapplesB.chicke

19、nsandappleC.chickenandappleD.chickenandapples23.Oh,dear.Iforgotthetwo_.A.roomsnumberB.roomsnumberC.roomnumbersD.roomsnumbers学习必备欢迎下载24._motherscouldntgotothemeeting,becausetheyhavegonetoShanghai.A.MaryandPetersB.MaryandPeterC.MarysandPeterD.MarysandPeters25.Agroupof_aretalkingwithtwo_.A.Frenchmen,Ge

20、rmansB.Germans,FrenchmansC.Frenchmans,GermenD.Germen,Frenchmen26.Myschoolisabouttwenty_walkfromhere.A.minuteB.minutesC.minutessD.minutes27.Mum,Ihave_totellyou!A.agoodnewsB.somegoodnewsC.somegoodnewesD.muchgoodnews28.Howmany_wouldyoulike?A.paperB.breadC.piecesofpapersD.piecesofbread29.Thereare34_doctorsinthehospital.A.womanB.womenC.womansD.womens30.Excuseme,howc