中外建筑史(西)阶段测试1

1、外建筑史（西）阶段测试1宁波工程学院2014-2015学年第2学期外国建筑史（古代）课程阶段测试试卷题号一一二四五六七总分复核 人应得 分502030100实得 分评卷 人本试卷适用班级：建筑学121、122考试时间为：2个小时备注：闭卷，可携带一本英文字典一i、Fill in the blanks (2 points for each question )1、During the Old Kingdom, the first pyramid-shaped tomb known as the Pyramid ofKing Zoser was built at Saqqara. This pyr

2、amid was actually not a pyramid, but a steppyramid made from a series of mastabas placed one on top of another. It was built under the direction of the architect. Imohtep - considered by many historians to be the first known architect of western history.2、Temple of Amun at Karnak, New Kingdom,1500BC

3、 was the largest Egyptiantemple ever built . Construction started at 1500BC and was added on to by many Kings over a period of 1000 years.3、Temple of Rameses II, New Kingdom, 1250BC was built far up the Nile RiverValley at Abu Simbel. It is significant partly because of its monumental size and partl

4、y because of its giant entrance sculpture.4、The Great Pyramid, the largest pyramid erected at Giza, was constructed for KingCheops around 2400 B.C. The Kings Chamber, where the sarcophagus stands, is a darker shade in five of the sections.5、An ancient region of southwest Asia between the Tigris and

5、Euphrates rivers inmodern-day Iraq. Probably settled before 5000 B.C., the area was the home of numerous early civilizations, including Sumer, Akkad, Babylonia, and Assyria.6、The Ziggurat at Ur was one of the most impressive structures of the time, andremains of it are still extant at Tall al Muqayy

6、ar in Iraq, about 42 kilometers south of Babylon. Some reconstructiondrawings show it as a freestanding object similar to an Egyptian pyramid7、The Egyptians were the first to develop the column as more than just a loadbearing device it had symbolic importance. The most common plant themes for column

7、s were the palm, the lotus, and the papyrus.8、Mycenaean power rose on the Greek mainland by 1500 BC. The CITADEL ofTIRYNS, built 1250BC in the city of Tiryns a few miles from Mycenae, had extremely heavy defensive walls. The massive stone walls of the Citadel of Mycenae was decorated with sculpture

8、such as the LION GATE built 1300BC.9、Beginning in the late Bronze Age, the kings were buried outside the city in great beehiveor tholos tombs, monumental symbols of wealth and power. The one at Mycenae, the Treasury of Atreus, is the most famous and the most finely built.10、PALACE OF KNOSSES was bui

9、lt on the island of Crete 1600BC for KingMinos during the Minoan Period. No fortifications or buildings for defense were built to protect the palace.11、The 5 ORDERS in Romanare:CORINTHIAN: similar to Ionic column except capital is very ornate; the capital is decoratedIONIC: slender column with a bas

10、e, a capital with volutes or scroll, usually fluted DORIC: column with no base, with a capital consisting of necking grooves, an echinus and abacus; sometimes fluted - simple, direct, most widely used.TUSCAN simplest form ,with a base but no fluting. 7 times as high as its diameter, derived from the

11、 Etruscan temple (Etruscans were people who lived in the area of Roman before the Romans )COMPOSITE originated in Rome combination of the Ionic and Corinthian orders most decorative12、In Athens, the THEATRE OF DIONYSIS 450BC was the Prototype of allGreek theatres. Early in Greek history, theatres we

12、re typically hollowed out of a hill and open to the sky.13、The Romans inventes concrete, it allowed the Romans to build large scale monuments and buildings with open interiors which spanned great distances.14、Vitruvius served under Julius Caesar and wrote a treatise (collection) onarchitecture in 10

13、 bookscalled “ De architecture he described the expressive meaning and expressive meaning and exact proportions of each column order .15、The Colosseum, Rome, Early Empire, 70AD was built as an amphitheater whichis like two thester placed stage to stage with the orchestra areas overlapping to form a

14、central space. The faade was divided into four stories with the column order becoming more refined as the levels went up in the following sequence: Roman Doric (simplest) on the first level. lonjc(ornate) on the second level and Corinthian(very ornate )on the third and forth level.16、Bathing was a s

15、ocial ritual in Rome, The Baths of Caracalla (21216 CE) arerecognized as the best developed example of the Roman public bath, and the bathing halls were centers of public life. The hall contained not only bathing rooms, but also lecture halls, game areas, libraries, theaters, shops and gardens.二、Ans

16、wer the questions according to the pictures (10 points for each one )要求：详细描述下图中的建筑，写出你掌握的所有相关知识点，例如名称、建造时间和地点、建筑材料与技术、建筑背景与后世影响等。三、Short Answer Questions (15points for each question )1、Read the following paragraph and answer the questions:Unlike earlier temples with a rectangular cella containing a

17、statue of a god, the building was a vast, empty space, forming a large meeting place for ceremonies and rituals. The idea of a tound temple was not new, but the scale of the Pantheon was never seen before.The plan was circular with the interior height (45m) equal to the interior diameter (45m ). The

18、 dome was a true hemisphere (half-circular space) on the inside resting on a circular stone wall 21 (6m thick) which was designedstosuppors) theweight and forces of the immense dome. The deep entrance portico was lined with unfluted Corinthian columns and covered with a marble veneer. The underside

19、of the dome consisted of coffers (recessed rectangles) which led up to the apex(top). The coffers were designed to lighten the load of the dome. At the apex, there was an opening to the sky called an oculus31 (9m) wide. The unglazed (no glass) oculus lighted the entire building.(1)上述文章中所描述的是哪个建筑？其所在

20、历史时期的主要建筑艺术与技术成就有哪些？2、Read the following paragraph and answer the questions:The stylobate was not a flat plane but rather like a section of a very large sphere; it curved upward toward the middle, rising 41 millimeters on its short sides and 102 millimeters on its long flanks. This curve was carried upward through the entire structure, imparting a subtle upward curvature on the architrave, the cornice, and nearly ev