MBA英语历年真题及答案详解

1、2001年MBA英语真题及答案考生须知选择题的答案须用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡上，其它笔填涂的或做在试卷或其它类型答题卡上的答案无效。其他题一律用蓝色或黑色钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸上按规定要求作答，凡做在试卷上或未做在指定位置的答案无效。交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭据）。否则，所产生的一切后果由考生自负。2001年全国攻读工商管理硕士研究生入学考试英语试题SectionIVocabulary(10points)Directions:Thereare20incompletesentencesinthissection.Foreachsentencethe

2、rearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentenceandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.1.Theannualofthedepartmentstorestartstomorrow.Astocking.BstocktakingCstockpiling.Dstockholding.2Awarranty.BpromiseCcertificate.Drecejpt.3.Inmanycountriestobaccoandmedicinearegovernment.Acontrol.B

3、monopolyCbusiness.Dbelongings.4.Banknotesarenotusuallyintogoldnowadays.Ainverted.BrevertibleCconvertible.Ddiverting.5.Iyouthatthegoodswillbedeliverednextweek.Ainsist.BconfirmCassure.Densure.6.Themanagerjusthisresignationtotheboardmeetingyesterdayandtodayanotheronetookhisplace.Asentup.BsentoffCsentou

4、t.Dsentin.7.Letsnotoversuchatrifle!Afallthrough.BfalloutCfalloff.Dfallback.8.TheculturesofChinaandJapanhavesharedmanyfeatures,buteachhasusedthemaccordingtoitsnational.Apersonality.BtemperamentCinterest.Ddestiny.9.Ourjourneywasslowbecausethetrainstoppedatdifferentvillages.Agradually.BcontinuouslyCcon

5、stantly.Dcontinually.10.Whenherealizedthepolicehadspottedhim,themantheexitasquicklyaspossible.Amadefor.BmadeoutCmadeupto.Dmadeway.11.Thegoodswhenwearrivedattheairport.Awerejustunloaded.BwerejustbeingunloadedCwerejustbeenunloaded.Dhadjustunloaded.12.Theprofessorcanhardlyfindsufficientgroundshisargume

6、ntinfavorofthenewtheory.Awhichtobaseon.BonwhichtobaseCtobaseonwhich.Dwhichtobebasedon.13.Ithinkyourwordscarrymoreweightthan.Aanybodyelses.BthatofanybodysCanybodyelse.Delseanybodys.14.ThesecondbookwasbyAugust1996,buttwoyearslater,theendwasstillnowhereinsight.Atocomplete.BcompletedCtohavebeencompleted

7、.Dtohavecompleted.15.Iwouldhavegonetovisithiminthehospitalhaditbeenatallpossible,butIfullyoccupiedthewholeoflastweek.Awere.BwasChadbeen.Dhavebeen.16.Nodifficultyandnohardshipdiscouragedhim.Ahas.BhaveChasbeen.Dhavebeen.17.Ialwayskeepcandlesinthehousethereisapowercut.Aif.BincaseConconditionthat.Dwhen.

8、18.Somemodernchildrensfictiondealswithseriousproblemsandsituationswitharealismseldominearlierbooks.Aattempted.BattemptingCbeingattempted.Dhavingattempted.19.Writteninahurry,.Ahemademanymistakesinthepaper.Btherewerealotofmistakesinthepaper.CwefoundplentyoferrorsinherpaperDthepaperwasfulloferrors.20.S

9、omestudentpreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertoworkontheirown.Aleaving.BtoleaveChavingbeenleft.Dtobeleft.SectionIICloze(10points)Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.Itisdifficulttoimaginewhatlifewouldbelikewit

10、houtmemory.Themeaningsofthousandsofeverydayperceptions,thebases21thedecisionswemake,andtherootsofourhabitsandskillsaretobe22inourpastexperiences,whicharebroughtsintosthepresent23memory.Memorycanbedefinedasthecapacitytokeep24availableforlateruse.Itincludesnotonlyrememberingthinglikearithmeticorhistor

11、icalfacts,butalsoanychangeinthewayananimaltypicallybehaves.Memoryis25whenaratgivesupeatinggrainbecausehehassniffedsomethingsuspiciousinthegrainpile.Memoryisalsoinvolvedwhenasixyearoldchildlearnstoswingabaseballbat.Memory26notonlyinhumansandanimalsbutalsoinsomephysicalobjectsandmachines.Computers,for

12、example,containdevicesforstoringdataforlateruse.Itisinterestingtocomparethememorystoragecapacityofacomputer27thatofahumanbeing.Theinstantaccessmemoryofalargecomputermayholdupto100,000wordsreadyfor28use.AnaverageAmericanteenagerprobablyrecognizesthemeaningsofabout100,000wordsofEnglish.However,thisisb

13、utafractionofthetotal29ofinformationwhichtheteenagerhasstored.Consider,forexample,thenumberoffactsandplacesthattheteenagercanrecognizeonsight.Theuseofwordsisthebasisoftheadvancedproblemsolvingintelligenceofhumanbeings.Alargepartofapersonwordsand30ofwords.smemoryisintermsof21Aof.Bto.Cfor.Don22Akept.B

14、found.Csought.D23Aby.Bfrom.Cwith.Dinstored24.Aexperiences.BbasesCobservations.D25Acalled.Btaken.Cinvolved.Dincluded26Aexists.Bappears.Caffects.Dseems27Ato.Bwith.Cagainst.Dforinformation.28.Aprogressive.BinstructiveCinstant.Dprotective.29Adeal.Bnumber.Cmount.Damount30.Acombinations.BcorrectionsCcoord

15、inations.Dcollections.SectionIIIReadingcomprehension(40points)SectionADirections:.Thereare5passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwith

16、apencil.Questions31to34arebasedonthefollowingpassage:ThestabilityoftheU.S.bankingsystemismaintainedbymeansofsupervisionandregulation,inspections,depositinsurance,andloanstotroubledbanks.Forover50years,theseprecautionshavepreventedbankingpanics.However,therehavebeensomeclosecalls.ThecollapseofContine

17、ntallllinoisBank&TrustedCompanyofChicagoin1984didnotbringdownthebankingsystem,butitcertainlyrattledsomewindows.Inthelate1970s,ContinentalsoaredtoaleadershippositionamongMidwesternbanks.Partsofitsgrowthstrategywererisky,however.Itmademanyloansintheenergyfield,includingbillionthatittookoverfromPennSqu

18、areBandofOklahomaCity.Toobtainthefundsitneededtomaketheseloans,Continentalreliedheavilyonshorttermborrowingfromotherbanksandlarge,30daycertificatesofdeposit-hotmoney,inbankingjargon.AtleastoneContinentalofficersawdangersignsandwroteawarningmemotohersuperiors,butthememowentunheeded.AlthoughtheComptro

19、lleroftheCurrencyinspectedContinentalonaregularbasis,itfailedtoseelowseriousitsproblemsweregoingtobe.PennSquareBankwasclosedbyregulatorsinJuly1982.Whenenergypricesbegantoslip,mostofthebillioninloansthatContinentalhadtakenoverfromthesmallerbanksturnedouttobehad.OtherloanstotroubledcompaniessuchChrysl

20、er,lnternationalHarvester,andBranifflookedquestionable.Seeingtheseproblem，hotmoneyownersbegantopulltheirfundsoutofContinental.Bythespringof1984,arunonContinentalhadbegun.InMay,thebankhadtoborrow.5billionfromtheFedtoreplaceovernightfundsitbadlost.Butthiswasnotenough.Totrytostemtheoutflowofdepositsfro

21、mContinemtal,theFDICagreedtoguaranteenotjustthefirst,000ofeachdepositorsmoneybutallofit.Nevertheless,theruncontinued.FederalregulatorstriedhardtofindasoundbankthatcouldtakeoverContinental-acommonwayofrescuingfailingbanks.ButContinentalwasjusttoobigforanyonetobuy.ByJuly,allhopeofaprivatesectorrescuew

22、asdashed.Regulatorsfacedastarkchoice:LetContinentalcollapse,ortakeitoverthemselves.Lettingthebankfailseemedtoorisky.Itwasestimatedthatmorethan100otherbankshadplacedenoughfundsinContinentaltoputthematriskifContinentalfailed.Thus,onarainyThursdayattheendofJuly,theFDICineffectnationalizedContinentalIll

23、inoisatacostof.5billion.Thiskeptthebank31.Inthespringof1984,Continentalexperienced.Aafastgrowthperiod.BastabilityperiodCarun.Danoilpricedecrease.32.ByJuly,allhopeofaprivatesectorrescuewas.Adestroyed.BabsurdCdesperate.Ddamaged.33.ThenationalizatinofContinental.AsaveditBmadehotmoneyownerscontinuetopul

24、ltheirfundsoutofContinental.CalmostbroughtdownthebankingsystemDfiredmanyhighrankingofficers.34.Bankingpanicsmaybepreventedbymeansof.Adepositinsurance.BgrowthstrategyClongtermborrowing.Dwarningmemo.Questions35to38arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonworkforceskills,

25、Americanfirmshaveaproblem.HumanresourcemanagementisnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirmintheUnitedStates.Skillacquisitionisconsideredasanindividualresponsibility.Laborissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehired-rentedatthelowestpossiblecost-muchasonebuysrawmaterialsorequipme

26、nt.Thelackofimportanceattachedtohumanresourcemanagementcanbeseeninthecorporationhierarchy.InanAmericanfirmthechieffinancialofficerisalmostalwayssecondincommand.Thepostofheadofhumanresourcemanagementsisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofthecorporatehierarchy.Theexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedon

27、majorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).Bywayofcontrast,inJapantheheadofhumanresourcemanagementiscentral-usuallythesecondmostimportantexecutive,aftertheCEO,inthefirmshierarchy.WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamountsspentontrainingtheirworkforces,infacttheyinv

28、estlessintheskilloftheiremployeesthandotheJapaneseorGermanfirms.Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.Andthelimitedinvestmentsthataremadeintrainingworkersarealsomuchmorenarrowlyfocusedonthespecificskillsnecessarytodothenextjobratherthanonthebasicbackgro

29、undskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.Asaresult,problemsemergewhennewbreakthroughtechnologiesarrive.IfAmericanworkers,forexample,takemuchlongertolearnhowtooperatenewflexiblemanufacturingstationsthanworkersinGermany(astheydo),theeffectivecostofthosestationsislowerinGermanythanitisintheUn

30、itedStated.Moretimeisrequiredbeforeequipmentisupandrunningatcapacity,andtheneedforextensiveretraininggeneratescostsandcreatesbottlenecksthatlimitthespeedwithwhichnewequipmentcanbeemployed.Theresultisaslowerpaceoftechnologicalchange.Andintheendtheskillsofthebottomhalfofthepopulationaffectthewagesofth

31、etophalf.Ifthebottomhalfcanteffectivelystafftheprocessesthathavetobeoperated,themanagementandprofessionaljobsthatgowiththeseprocesseswilldisappear.35.WhichofthefollowingappliestothemanagementofhumanresourcesinAmericancompanies?A.Theyhirepeopleatthelowestcostregardlessoftheirskills.B.Theyseethegainin

32、gofskillsastheiremployeesownbusiness.C.Theyattachmoreimportancetoworkersthantoequipment.D.Theyonlyhireskilledworkersbecauseofkeencompetition.36.WhatisthepositionoftheheadofhumanresourcemanagementinanAmericanfirm?A.Heisoneofthemostimportantexecutivesinthefirm.B.Hispostislikelytodisappearwhennewtechno

33、logiesareintroduced.C.Heisdirectlyunderthechieffinancialexecutive.D.Hehasnoauthorityinmakingimportantdecisionsinthefirm.37.ThemoneymostAmericanfirmsspendintrainingmainlygoesto.AworkerswhocanoperatenewequipmentBtechnologicalandmanagerialstaffCworkerswholackbasicbackgroundskillsDtopexecutives.38.Whati

34、sthemainideaofthepassage?A.AmericanfirmsaredifferentfromJapaneseandGermanfirmsinhumanresourcemanagement.B.Extensiveretrainingisindispensabletoeffectivehumanresourcemanagement.C.Theheadofhumanresourcemanagementmustbeinthecentralpositioninafirmshierarchy.D.ThehumanresourcemanagementstrategiesofAmerica

35、nfirmsaffecttheircompetitivecapacity.Questions39to42arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Internetisavastnetworkofcomputersthatconnectsmanyoftheworldsbusinesses,institutions,andindividuals.Theinternet,whichmeansinterconnectednetworkofnetworks,linkstensofthousandsofsmallercomputernetworks.Thesenetworkstransm

36、ithugeamountsofinformationintheformofwords,images,andsounds.TheInternetwasinformationonvirtuallyeverytopic.Networkuserscansearchthroughsourcesrangingfromvastdatabasestosmallelectronicbulletinboards,whereusersformdiscussiongroupsaroundcommoninterests.MuchoftheInternetstrafficconsistsofmessagessentfro

37、monecomputerusertoanother.Thesemessagesarecalledelectronicmailoremail.Internetusershaveelectronicaddressesthatallowthemtosendandreceiveemail.Otherusesofthenetworkincludeobtainingnews,joiningelectronicdebates,andplayingelectronicgames.OnefeatureoftheInternet,knownastheWorldWideWeb,providesgraphics,au

38、dio,andvideotoenhancetheinformationinitsdocuments.Thesedocumentscoveravastnumberoftopics.PeopleusuallyaccesstheInternetwithadevicecalledamodem.Modemsconnectcomputerstothenetworkthroughtelephonelines.MuchoftheInternetoperatesthroughworldwidetelephonenetworksoffiberopticcables.Thesecablescontainhairth

39、instrandsofglassthatcarrydataaspulsesoflight.Theycantransmitthousandsoftimesmoredatathanlocalphonelines,mostofwhichconsistofcopperwires.ThehistoryoftheInternetbeganinthe1960s.Atthattime,theAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency(ARPA)oftheUnitedStatesDepartmentofDefensedevelopedanetworkofcomputerscalledARPAn

40、et.Originally,ARPAnetconnectedonlymilitaryandgovernmentcomputersystems.Itspurposewastomakethesesystemssecureintheeventofadisasterorwas.SoonafterthecreationofARPAnet,universitiesandotherinstitutionsdevelopedtheirowncomputernetworks.ThesenetworkseventuallyweremergedwithARPAnettoformtheInternet.Bythe19

41、90s,anyonewithacomputer,modem,andInternetsoftwarecouldlinkuptotheInternet.Inthefuture,theInternetwillprobablygrowmoresophisticatedascomputertechnologybecomesmorepowerful.ManyexpertsbelievetheInternetmaybecomepartofalargernetworkcalledtheinformationsuperhighway.Thisnetwork,stillunderdevelopment,would

42、linkcomputerswithtelephonecompanies,cabletelevisionstations,andothercommunicationsystems.Peoplecouldbank,shop,watchTV,andperformmanyotheractivitiesthroughthenetwork.39.ThispassageisabouttheoftheInternet.Afuture.BgeneralintroductionCuse.Dhistory.40.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheInternetistrue?

43、A.ARPAwasthefirstnetusedbyAmericanuniversitiesandinstitutions.BCD41.ThehistoryoftheInternetcanbetracedbacktofiftyyearsago.ThepurposeoftheInternetistoprotecttheworldintheeventofwar.ARPAnetformedthefoundationoftheInternetnowadays.TheInternetenablespeopletodoallthefollowingthingsEXCEPT.Asendingemail.Bo

44、btainingnewsCexchangingmodem.Dinternetrelatedchat(IRC).42.Accordingtothelastparagraph,inthefuture.A.inmaybehardtopredictthedevelopmentoftheInternet.BC.theInternetwillbecomeanindispensablesuperhighway.theInternetwillbeappliedmore.D.theInternetwillcombinecablestations.Questions43to46arebasedonthefollo

45、wingpassage:Sexprejudicesarebasedonandjustifiedbytheideologythatbiologyisdestiny.Accordingtothisideology,basicbiologicalandpsychologicaldifferencesexistbetweenthesexes.Thesedifferencesrequireeachsextoplayaseparateroleinsociallife.Womenaretheweakersexbothphysicallyandemotionally.Thus,theyarenaturally

46、suited,muchmoresothanmen,totheperformanceofdomesticduties.Awomansplace,undernormalcircumstances,iswithintheprotectiveenvironmentofthehome.Naturehasdeterminedthatwomenplaycaretakerroles,suchaswifeandmotherandhomemaker.Ontheotherhand,menarebestsuitedtogooutsintosthecompetitiveworldofworkandpolitics,wh

47、ereseriousresponsibilitiesmustbetakenon.Menaretobetheproviders;womenandchildrenaredependents.Theideologyalsoholdsthatwomenwhowishtoworkoutsidethehouseholdshouldnaturallyfillthesejobsthatareinlinewiththespecialcapabilitiesoftheirsex.Itisthusappropriateforwomen,notmen,tobeemployedasnurses,socialworker

48、s,elementaryschoolteachers,householdhelpers,andclerksandsecretaries.Thesepositionsaresimplyanextensionofwomensdomesticrole.Informaldistinctionsbetweenwomensworkandmensworkinthelaborforce,accordingtotheideology,aresimplyafunctionalreflectionofthebasicdifferencesbetweenthesexes.Finally,theideologysugg

49、eststhatnaturehasworkedherwillinanothersignificantway.Forthehumanspeciestosurviveovertime,itsmembersmustregularlyreproduce.Thus,womenmust,whetherathomeorinthelaborforce,makethemostoftheirphysicalappearance.Sogoestheideology.Itis,ofcourse,nottruethatbasicbiologicalandpsychologicaldifferencesbetweenth

50、esexesrequireeachtoplaysexdefinedrolesinsociallife.Thereisampleevidencethatsexrolesvaryfromsocietytosociety,andthoseroledifferencesthattoexistarelargelylearned.Buttothedegreepeopleactuallybelievethatbiologyisdestinyandthatnatureintendedformenandwomentomakedifferentcontributionstosociety,sexdefinedro

51、leswillbeseenastotallyacceptable.43.Womensplace,somepeoplethink,iswithintheprotectiveenvironmentofthehomebecause.A.womencanprovidebettercareforthechildren.BCD44.womenaretooweaktodoanyagriculturalworkatall.womenarebiologicallysuitedtodomesticjobs.womencannotcompetewithmeninanyfield.Accordingtotheauth

52、or,sexroles.AaresociallydeterminedB.areemotionallyandphysicallydetermined.C.canonlybedeterminedbywhateducationpeopletake.D.arebiologicallyandpsychologicallydetermined.45.Theauthorpointsoutthattheassignmentsofwomensrolesinwork.A.aredeterminedbywhattheyarebettersuitedto.BCD.growoutoftheirpositioninsid

53、ethehome.reflectabasicdifferencebetweenmenandwomen.aresuitabletothem,butnottomen.46.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Thedivisionofsexdefinedrolesiscompletelyunacceptable.B.Womensrolesinworkaretoolimitedatpresent.C.Inonesociety,menmightperformwhatisconsideredwomenanother.sdutiesbyD

54、.Someofthewomensrolesindomesticdutiescannotbetakenoverbymen.Questions47to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Inasense,thenewprotectionismisnotprotectionismatall,atleastnotinthetraditionalsenseoftheterm.Theoldprotectionismreferredonlytotraderestrictingandtradeexpandingdevices,suchasthetarifforexportsubsi

55、dy.Thenewprotectionismismuchbroaderthanthis;itincludesinterventionssintosforeigntradebutisnotlimitedtothem.Thenewprotectionism,infact,referstohowthewholeofgovernmentinterventionsintostheprivateeconomyaffectsinternationaltrade.Theemphasisontradeisstillthere,thuscamethetermprotection.Butwhatisnewisthe

56、realizationthatvirtuallyallgovernmentactivitiescanaffectinternationaleconomicrelations.TheemergenceofthenewprotectionismintheWesternworldreflectsthevictoryoftheinterventionist,orwelfareeconomyoverthemarketeconomy.JabTumilerwrites,Theoldprotectionismcoexisted,withoutanyapparentintellectualdifficultyw

57、iththeacceptanceofthemarketasanationalaswellasaninternationaleconomicdistributionmechanism-indeed,protectionistsaswellas(ifnotmorethan)freetradersstoodforlaissezfaire(放任政策).Now,asinthe1930s,protectionismisanexpressionofaprofoundskepticismastotheabilityofthemarkettodistributeresourcesandincomestosoci

58、etiessatisfaction.Itispreciselythisprofoundskepticismofthemarketeconomythatisresponsiblefortheprotectionism.Inamarketeconomy,economicchangeofvariouscolorsimpliesredistributionofresourcesandincomes.Thesameopinioninmanycommunitiesapparentlyisthatsuchredistributionsoftenarenotproper.Therefore,thegovern

59、mentintervenes(干涉；干预)tobringaboutamoredesiredresult.ThevictoryofthewelfarestateisalmostcompleteinnorthernEurope.InSweden,Norway,Finland,Denmark,andtheNetherlands,governmentinterventioninalmostallaspectsofeconomicandsociallifeisconsiderednormal.InGreatBritainthisisonlysomewhatlesstrue.Governmenttradi

60、tionallyhasplayedaveryactiveroleineconomiclifeinFranceandcontinuedtodoso.OnlyWestGermanydarestogoagainstthetidetowardsexcessiveinterventionisminWesternEurope.ItalsohappenstobethemostsuccessfulWesternEuropeaneconomy.ThewelfarestatehasmadesignificantprogressintheUnitedStatesaswellasinWesternEurope.Soc