2020年春人教新目标英语八年级下册Unit10-知识点总结和练习

1、2020 年春人教新目标英语八年级下册Unit 10 I ve had this bike for three years.语言知识点：for/sincefor 与表示一段时间的词连用，表示“做某事多长时间了” ，常用于现在完成时，表示从过去某时开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 for 所在句子中的动词是延续性动词。例如：I ve lived in China for two years. 我住在中国两年了。I ve known him for more than twenty years. 我认识他 20 多年了。since 作连词，引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句常用完成时。例如：I

2、 have studied English since I came here. 自从我来这里就学习英语。I have known her since I was five years old. 自从我五岁就认识她。since还可以作介词，连接一个过去的时间点或一段时间+ago。例如：She has been ill since last weekend. 她自从上周末就病了。She has been in Wuhan since four years ago. 自从四年前她就在武汉。makermaker是名词，意为“生产者；制造者”，是由“动词 make +后缀-r”构成的。英语中，表示职业

3、或身份的名词小结：以 -ist 结尾的有：pianist 钢琴家 chemist 化学家 violinist 小提琴家physicist 物理学家scientist 科学家以 -er， -r 或 -or 结尾的有：teacher教师painter画家 writer作家 singer歌唱家 visitor参观者actor 演员 engineer 工程师 inventor 发明家 professor 教授 reporter 记者以 -man 结尾的有：postman 由B递员policeman 警察 businessman 商人 spaceman 宇航员fisherman 渔夫dustman 清洁

4、工以 -ian 结尾的有：musician 音乐家politician 政治家certaincertain 作形容词，意为“某种；某事；某人” 。例如：He decided to sell his certain books. 他决定卖掉他的某些书籍。【拓展】certain作形容词，意为“确定的；无疑的，相当于sure,对应的副词为 certainly。certain常用于以下结构中：be certain / sure of sth. 对某事有把握be certain / sure to do sth. 肯定做某事be certain / sure + that 从句 确信 例如：They a

5、re certain / sure of success. 他们有把握成功。I m certain / sure that he will come. 我确信他会成功的。a 46-year-old husband and father46-year-old 是复合形容词， 这种形容词有两个特点： 一是词与词之间要用连字符连接； 二是数词之后的名词用单数形式。例如：a three-meter-long line 一条三米长的绳子【拓展】岁数的表达方式小结：基数词 + years old 。例如：He is 8 years old. 他八岁了。基础词 -year-old 。例如：Lucy is a

6、n eighteen-year-old girl. Lucy 是一位 18 岁的女孩。名词 + of + 基础词。例如：Tom is a boy of 18. Tom 是一位 18 岁的男孩。at the age of + 基数词。例如：She is at the age of 18. 她 18 岁了。shameshame是不可数名词，意为“羞耻；羞愧；惭愧” 。可与不定冠词a连用，表示“可耻的人或事；可惜(遗憾)的事” 。例如：He felt no shame for what he had done. 他对自己所做过的事不感到羞愧。It s a shame that you can t s

7、tay for dinner. 你不能留下吃晚饭，真遗憾。【拓展】 shame 常见的短语有：feel shame at因而感至U羞愧in shame羞愧地have no shame无羞耻心with shame羞愧地 to ones shame令某人感至U羞愧的是bring shame on使丢脸regardregard作及物动词，意为“注视；注意；认作”。常用短语regardas意为将视为；把一当作”，as为介词，其后可接名词或代词。例如：I regard you as my best friend. 我把你当作我最好的朋友。We regard him as our brother. 我们把

8、他当成兄弟看待。oppositeopposite作介词，意为“在对面”，相当于across from,常与名词一起构成介词短语，表方位。例如：They live opposite the bank. 他们住在银行对面。opposite 作形容词，意为“另一边的；对面的；相反的” 。例如：We live on the opposite side of the road. 我们住在马路对面。opposite 作副词，意为“在对面” 。例如：There s an old man living opposite. 有一个老人住在对面。opposite 作名词，意为“相反的人或物；对立面” ，常与介词

9、of 一起使用。例如：“Tall ” is the opposite of “short ”. “高”是“矮”的反义词。considerconsider 作动词，意为 “考虑、认为” ，它的后面跟名词、动名词或者从句作宾语。Please consider my suggestion. 请考虑我的建议。Why don t you consider visiting Qing Dao?你为什么不考虑去青岛参观？I consider that he is a selfish man. 我认为他是一个自私的人。【拓展】后接动名词作宾语的动词及短语可参考以下归纳：完成，实践，值得，忙( finish,

10、practice, be worth, be busy ) ；考虑，建议，不禁，想( consider, suggest, can t help, fee)l ；like错过，习惯， (别)放弃(miss, be used to, give up ) ；继续，喜欢， (要)介意(keep on, enjoy, mind ) 。词汇精练I.英汉互译。1. 多久2. not any more3. grow up4.起初5. as for6.give up7.至少8.一年一两次9. according to10. in order toII.根据句意及汉语提示写出所缺单词。All my life I

11、 have tried to be an（ 诚实的）man.He tied a（围巾）around his neck.Please（检查）your answer again.Its very comfortable to step on the（柔软的）ground in the spring.During the 1830s, countries all over the world started to build（ 铁路）.He is the tallest one（在当中）the boys.In judging him you should（ 仔细考虑）his youth.I have

12、 many pleasant（回忆）of our friendship.My little son can（ 数数）from one to ten.Miss Li（ 搜寻）on the Internet for the information she needed.用 since 或 for 填空。Jill has been in Ireland Monday.Jill has been in Ireland three days.My aunt has lived in Australia 15 days.Margaret is in her office. She has been the

13、re 7 o clock.India has been an independent country 1947.The bus is late. Weve been waiting 20 minutes.Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty many years.Mike has been ill a long time. He has been in hospital October.参考答案I.英汉互译。1. how long 2.不再 3.长大 4. at first 5.至于6.放弃 7. at least8. once

14、or twice a year 9.根据；按照 10.为了II.根据句意及首字母和汉语提示写出所缺单词。1. honest 2. scarf 3. check 4. soft 5. railway 6. among7. consider 8. memories 9. count 10. searchedIII.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1. since 2. for 3. for 4. since 5. since 6. for 7. for 8. for; since句式精讲How long have you had that bike over there?how long意为“多长

15、时间”，询问某一动作或状态持续了多久，故句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词或 表示状态的连系动词。例如：How long do you watch TV? 你看电视多长时间了 ?How long can I keep the book? 这本书我可以借多久？【拓展】 how long; how often; how soon 的辨析：how 10ng表示“多长时间”，主要对时间段提问。例如:一 How long is he staying? 他打算待多久？一 He s staying for a week.他打算待 个星期。how often表示“多久一次”，主要对频率进行提问。例如：一 How

16、often do you watch TV?你多久if次电视？- Twice a week. 一两次。how soon意为“还要多久”，多用在一般将来时中。例如： 一 How soon will he be back? 他要多久才回来？ - In an hour. 一小时以后。Because I don t read it any more.not any more意为 不再”。not常位于be动词、情态动词或助动词之后，any more常位于句末，相当于no more。no more常位于句中，放在 be动词之后，实义动词之前，两者经常可以互换。例如：He doesn t live here

17、 any more. = He no more lives here他不再住在这里了。【拓展】表示 不再”的词还有notany longer或no longer。二者的区别在于：not any more = no mo re表示数量或程度上的不再“增加，通常修饰终止性动词。例如：The baby isn t crying any more. = The baby is no more crying.个婴儿不再哭了。no longer = not any晰gerf间或距离上的不再“延长，通常修饰延续性的动词。例如：I can t stand it any long靛对此再也不能忍受下去了。Amy

18、 thinks it s hard to sell her old things.It is/was + adj. + to do sth.意为“做某事是的，to do sth.为句子的真正的主语，而 it为形式主语,形式主语不能用别的词来代替，句中可在形容词后加for sb.,意为“对于某人来说，做某事是的”例如：Its important for us to learn a foreign language.对我们来说，学习一门外语是相当重要的。Its necessary for us to eat more fruit and vegetables.对我们来说，多吃蔬菜和水果是必要的。【

19、拓展】这个句型中的for sb.有时也可以用of sb.二者意义有区别：(1)在Its + adj. + for sb. to do sth.中，for sb.意为“对某人来说“，句中的形容词是用来说明to do sth.的，形式主语只能用it。例如：Its necessary for the students to do some housework.对于学生们来说，做些家务是十分必要的。(2)在Its + adj. + of sb. to do sth.中of sb.意为某人，句中形容词可与逻辑主语sb.构成系表结构，即形容词是用来说明或形容sb.(某人)的。例如：Its very kin

20、d of you to help us.你能帮助我们真是太好了。Jim has been in Japan for three days.been是be动词的过去分词形式。have been in是be in的现在完成时形式，一般与段时间状语连用。例如：He has been in hospital for two months. 他住院已经有两个月 了。【拓展】 have been to; have been in 与 have gone to 的辨析：“have/ has been to +地点”表示去过某地”，现在已经回来了。例如：I ve been to Beijing twice.我

21、已去过北京两次。“have/has been in +地点”表示在某地待了一段时间”。例如：Hes been in this school for two years. 他在这所学校待了两年了。“ have/has gone to +地点”表示“到某事去了”，现在还没有回来，可能在去的途中，也可能在那里或返回的途中。例如:一Wheres Wei Hua?魏华在哪里？- She has gone to the zoo.她到动物园去了。5. But he also thinks some things will never change, and his hometown is still the

22、 place that holds all his childhood memories.这是一个复合句，some things至句末为宾语从句，作 thinks的宾语。在该宾语从句中包含由and连接的两个分句，在第二个分句中，“that holds all his childhood memories ”是定语从句，修饰先行词place。关系代词that在定语从句中作主语。当定语从句的先行词指物时，关系代词可用that或which,当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词 that或which也可省略。例如：I like clothes that/which are unusual.我喜欢与

23、众不同的衣服。Pass me the book（that/which） you bought for me yesterday.把你昨天给我买的那本书递给我。 句式精练I.根据汉语提示完成英语句子（每空一词） 。.你拥有那边的那辆自行车多长时间了？you that bike over there?.请查看一下这些玩具是否完好。Please if these toys are all right.说实在的，我很喜欢美国乡村音乐。, I like American country music very much.我在纽约住了几个星期。I have lived in New York for wee

24、ks.他不懈地学习着，直到不再讨厌数学为止。He worked and worked until he hated mathematics.怀特先生的记忆力很差。Mr. White has. “空的”是“满的”的反义词。Empty is full.许多警察和官兵正在森林里搜寻从监狱里跑出来的犯人。Many policemen and soldiers are the forest the prisoner escaping from prison.II.句型转化，每空一词。He ran in the school for half an hour.（对划线部分提问） he run in the

25、 school?We started to skate two hours ago.（对划线部分提问） you start to skate?They started to play the piano one or two hours ago.（改为同义句 ）They started to play the piano two ago.They have been away from here since two years ago.（改为同义句 ） two years they left here.The man began to work four hours ago.（改为同义句 ）T

26、he man has four hours.I have already finished my homework.（ 改为否定句 ）I my homework.She has cleaned the room.（改为一般疑问句） she the room?Tina bought the car last year.（改为同义句）Tina the car a year.III.补全对话。Who has gone there?When are you going there?I havent been there, either.I ve seen and learnt a lot there.

27、What have you done in the holiday?Which pavilion do you want to visit most?Gl But I hear there re a large number of people every day.M: Yang Liu, the summer holiday is over. 1W: I have visited the World Expo Garden in Shanghai.M: That must be exciting. 2 You must have waited for a long time to visit

28、 some wonderful pavilion, didnt you?W: Yes, I did. But I think it s worth visiting. 3M: You re right. I want to go to the World Expo Garden, too.W:4M: I m planning to go during National Day holiday.W:5M: The China Pavilion, of course.W: Have a pleasant trip.M: Thanks.参考答案I.根据汉语提示，完成英语句子（每空一词）。1. How

29、 long have; had 2. check out 3. To be honest 4. a couple of 5. no longera bad memory 7. the opposite of 8. searching; forII.句型转化，每空一词。How long did 2. When did 3. one hour or 4. It is; since 5. worked for6. havent finished; yetHas; cleaned 8. has had; forIII.补全对话。1-5 EGDBFUnit 10 I ve had this bike f

30、or three years.巩固习题I.单项选择。Have you locked the windows?Yes. I have locked them .A . already: alreadyB. yet; yet C. yet; already D. already; yetI have bought a nice dress.Where you it?A. have; bought B. did; buy C. will; buy D. do; buyWang Lin says the purpose of staying in the United States is more c

31、hances English fromAmericans.A . to get; to learn B . getting ; to learnC. getting ; in D . to get; gettingMy friend , Darren, is coming to visit us . Im looking forward him .A . meet B. meeting C. to meet D. to meetingThe radio is too noisy and there is nothing interesting on it . Why dont you?All

32、right . I ll do that .A . turn it on B. turn it off C. turn it back D . turn it up 6. When did you start your math homework?One hour ago, but I it yet .A . didnt finishB . finishedC. have finished D . havent finished 7. wasnt easy to win the match .A. It B. That C. This D. OneHow long have you the b

33、ook?For three days.A . borrowed B . kept C. lent D. bought 9. She is one of singers. I like her very much .A . famous B . the most famous C. more famous D. most famous 10. I think the question is difficult to answer .A . most B. many C. a lot D. a bit 11. Mary is an girl . She lives with her grandmo

34、ther .A . 8- years- oldB . 8- year- old C. 8- years old D . 8 years old12. He used to up early , and now he gets used to up early.A . get; getting B. get; get C. getting ; get D. getting; getting 13. According Mr . Wang, well go on a trip this weekend .A . in B. to C. at D . for14. The basketball I

35、bought yesterday cost me 80 yuan .A . when B . that C. who D . what 15. Look! Shes standing the ten children .A . among B . between C. of D . from.完形填空。In a small town in France , there was a farmer who lived alone . Every day , he 1 a pound of butter to his neighbour, who was a baker. One day the b

36、aker decided -2_ the butter to see if he was getting a pound. After he weighed （W的重量 ）it, he found that he wasnt. The baker then took 3 farmer to thejudge（法官）.The judge asked the farmer if he had any way to weigh the butter . The farmer answered , “I am so _4 that I do not have enough money to buy a

37、nything to weigh it ,5 I do have a kind of scale （天平）.” Thejudge asked, “Then how do you weigh the butter? ” The farmer answered , “ Before the baker started buying butter from 6 . I had bought bread from him . So every time when I bring home the bread from the baker , I put it on the scale and give

38、 him the butter of the same weight .”We 7 what we give to others in life . Whenever you take action , ask yourself this 8Am Ihonest?Honesty or dishonesty can become a 9 . Some dishonest people can lie（说谎） without a red face. Others lie so much that they do not even 10 what the truth is any more . Bu

39、t who is it bad for? As a matter of fact, those who lie will hurt themselves by their own dishonest behaviour （行为，举止 ）.1 . A.gaveB. fedC,threwD.sold2. A .weighB. weighingC,to weighD.weighed3. A ./B. aC.anD.the4. A .richB. poorC.honestD.quiet5. A .andB. soC,butD.or6. A .IB. myC,meD.mine7. A .get back

40、B. look backC,give backD.turn back8. A .answerB. questionC,helpD.idea9. A .differenceB. habitC,mistakeD.difficulty10. A.studyB. meanC,imagineD.know.阅读理解。ALeonardo da Vinci was born on April 15 , 1452 in Italy . He is best known as an artist today . One of his famous paintings is called Mona Lisa . H

41、owever, Leonardo had many other natural abilities . He was also a great inventor. Many of his inventions have become important in modern day life .Although Leonardo hated war, he invented many different machines used for war. His most special invention was the machine gun , which was produced and us

42、ed in war many years later.By watching the way birds fly , Leonardo tried to find out the secret of flying . Among his sketches（素描） we can see several objects. We consider them as modern flying machines .Leonardo spent many hours thinking about how to make good use of time. He developed ideas for la

43、bor-saving machines like cutting machines .Leonardo was a strange man. He didnt eat any meat, which was unusual in those times. He never published （发表）his ideas and scientific discoveries . He usually used mirror writing , which looks like writing in a mirror , starting from the right side of the pa

44、ge and moving to the left .We have very little of his work today. Leonardo finished only a few of his paintings. He left many unfinished because he thought they were not perfect. No one in his life time knew how great Leonardo was . We now believe , however, that he was one of the cleverest men the

45、world has ever known .According to the passage, Leonardo is not only an artist but also .A . an inventor B . an engineer C. a writer D . a musicianwas Leonardos most special invention .A . The mirror writing B . The cutting machineC. The machine gun D . The flying machineLeonardo was strange, for ex

46、ample , .A . he didnt eat any vegetablesB . he usually used minor writingC. he liked to publish his discoveriesD . he enjoyed drawing flying machinesLeonardo invented some machines to.A . stop the war B. help paint picturesC. watch the birds D . make good use of timeFrom the passage, we can learn th

47、at Leonardo was very.A . humorous B . serious C. clever D. lonelyBFifty - three years ago Barbie Millicent Roberts first appeared in the world of toys . Since then. Barbie, as everyone called, has become the most Successful toy doll in history . Her parent, the Mattel Company , said that 90% of all

48、American girls between 3 and 10 have at least one Barbie doll at home .However, Barbie is facing some trouble at present （现在）.There are many similar dolls on the market in competition with her . Another doll named Bratz, for example , came to life thirteen years ago . She looks more like todays pop

49、stars with heavy makeup （浓妆）and miniskirts . And her company offers more kinds of clothes too.It seems that Barbie has lost her magic among older girls . For younger girls , playing with a Barbie doll is much fun . But when you get older , you want something smarter and more modern , “says Vera Shep

50、herd, a shop assistant in a New York toy store .It is good news that on the international market . Barbie is still No . 1. Although Mattel is selling fewer Barbie dolls in the United States these years , sales in other countries are still going up . In January 2009, Mattel opened its first Barbie st

51、ore in Shanghai , where girls can shop , eat, drink or even become fashion designers for their own Barbie dolls .Mattel is planning big celebrations for Barbie s 53rd birthday . Fashion designers from all over the world have been called to make new dresses for Barbie . How long will Barbie stay popu

52、lar in the world of toy dolls? It is hard to say , but 53 is surely not the age to retire （退休）.Barbies family name is.A . Roberts B . Millicent C. Shepherd D. Bratz 7. Barbies trouble is that.A . it wears heavy makeup and miniskirtsB . other dolls are more popular with little girlsC. other dolls are

53、 trying to beat her in the marketD . it has become less popular on the international marketGirls can do the following in the first Barbie Shop in Shanghai except.A. going shopping B. having food C. drinking juice D. taking photos 9. What is the meaning of the underlined words?A.珠宝设计师B.发型设计师C.舞台设计师 D

54、.服装设计师What is the best title of the passage?First Barbie Shop in ShanghaiBarbie s Past aresentBarbie rd B3rthday PartyBarbie Lost Her MagicIV.书面表达。请你根据下面的提示，以 My Hometown ”为题，写一篇 80词左右的短文。提示：（1）家乡的地理位置；（2）近10年来家乡的变化；（3）对家乡的感情My Hometown【答案与解析】I. 单项选择。 C。 yet 用在否定句和疑问句中， already 用在肯定句中。 B。 “在哪里买的”指过去

55、发生的动作，用一般过去时。 A 。前一个动词不定式作表语，后一个动词不定式作定语。 D 。考查短语 look forward to doing sth . ，意为“期盼做某事” 。 B 。句意： 收音机太嘈杂了，并且没有什么有趣的事，为什么不将它关掉呢?好的，我马上去关掉它。 “关闭”应该表示为“ turn off” ，代词作宾语放在turn 和 up 中间且用宾格。. Do由yet可知，应该用现在完成时，并且必须是否定句式，因此答案为 D。 A 。动词不定式作主语时，可以用 it 作形式主语放在句首。 B。 how long 表示一段时间，句中谓语动词须用延续性动词，而borrow， lend， buy 都是非延续性动词， keep 为延续性动词，故选 B。. B。“one of + the+形容词最高级+名词复数结构表示最之一” 。 D 。空格后的 difficult 为形容词，故用 a bit “一点儿，稍微”修饰。 B 。 “数词 + 名词 + 形容词”构成复合形容词，作前置定语。这类复合形容词中词与词之间要用连字符“ - ”连接，且数词后面的名词必须用单数形式。 A。 used to do sth “过去常做某事” ， get used to doing sth “习惯于做某事”。句意“他过去常早起，现在他习惯于早起了” 。故选 A 。 B 。 according t