语言学选择判断题

1、语言区材料投放与指导要点CHAPTER 1Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false:T 1. Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.F 2. A scientific study of language is based on what the linguist thinks.T 3. General linguistics is generally the study of language as a wh

2、oleT 4. Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication.T 5. The study of the ways in which morphemes can be combined to form words is called morphology.T 6. Applied linguistics is the application of linguistic princi

3、ples and theories to language teaching and learningT 7 Competence and performance refer respectively to a language user underlying knowledge about the system of rules and the actual use of language in concreteF 8 Language is a means of verbal communication. Therefore, the communication way used by t

4、he deaf-mute is not languageT 9. By diachronic study we mean to study the changes and development of languageF 10. Language change is universal, ongoing and arbitraryF 11. There is universal agreement about the origin of language.F 12. Pet dogs can speak human languages.F 13. All human infants can s

5、peak some language.F 14. By creativity we mean the creative use of language as often practiced by poets.F 15. With different cultures there will be different languages.T 16. Not all uses of language are meant to convey new information.III. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the ch

6、oice that can best complete the statement.If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to页脚内容1语言区材料投放与指导要点be.A. prescriptive B. analytic C. descriptive D. linguisticWhich of the following is not a design feature of human language?A. Arbitrariness B. Displ

7、acement C. Duality D. MeaningfulnessModern linguistics regards the written language as.A. primary B. correct C. secondary D. stableThe function of the sentence “ water boil at 100 degrees centigrade”A interrogativeB directive C informative D performativeA historical study of language is a study of l

8、anguage.A. synchronicB. diachronic C. prescriptive D. comparativeLanguage is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols for human.A contact B communication C relation D communityLanguages isA instinctive B non-instinctive C static D genetically transmittedA linguist regards the change in language and langu

9、age use asA unnatural B something to be feared C natural D abnormalWhich of the following words is entirely arbitraryA treeB crash C typewriter D bangIn modern linguistics, speech is regarded as more basic than writing, because .in linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writingspeech plays a great

10、er role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyed.speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires his mother tongueAll of the above页脚内容2语言区材料投放与指导要点CHAPTER 2I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False:T 1. Voicing is a phonological feature th

11、at distinguishes meaning in both Chinese and English.F 2. If two phonetically similar sounds occur in the same environments and they distinguish meaning, they are said to be in complementary distribution.F 3. A phone is a phonetic unit that distinguishes meaning.F 4. English is a tone language while

12、 Chinese is not.T 5. In linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writing.T 6. In everyday communication, speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyed.F 7. Articulatory phonetics tries to describe the physical properties of the stream of sounds which a speak

13、er issues with the help of a machine called spectrograph.F 8. The articulatory apparatus of a human being are contained in three important areas: the throat, the mouth and the chest.T 9. Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called voicing.F 10. English consonants can be

14、 classified in terms of place of articulation and the part of the tongue that is raised the highest.F 11. According to the manner of articulation, some of the types into which the consonants can be classified are stops, fricatives, bilabial and alveolar.T 12. Vowel sounds can be differentiated by a

15、number of factors: the position of tongue in the mouth, the openness of the mouth, the shape of the lips, and the length of the vowels.F 13. According to the shape of the lips, vowels can be classified into close vowels, semi-close vowels, semi-open vowels and open vowels.F 14. Any sound produced by

16、 a human being is a phoneme.F 15. Phones are the sounds that can distinguish meaning.F 16. Phonology is concerned with how the sounds can be classified into different categories.页脚内容3语言区材料投放与指导要点T 17. A basic way to determine the phonemes of a language is to see if substituting one sound for another

17、 results in a change of meaning.F 18. When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment which occurs in the same place in the strings, the two words are said to form a phonemic contrast.T 19. The rules governing the phonological patterning are language specific.T 20. D

18、istinctive features of sound segments can be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemic segments.III. There are four choices following each of the statements below. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement:Of all the speech organs, the is/ are the most flexible.A. mouth B. lip

19、s C. tongue D. vocal cordsThe sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are sounds.A. voicelessB. voicedC. vowelD. consonantalis a voiced alveolar stop.A./z/B. /d/C. /k/D./b/a feature of aThe assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by“ copyingsequential phoneme, thus making the tw

20、o phones.A. identicalB. sameC. exactly alikeD. similarSince /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar, occur in the same environments and they can页脚内容4语言区材料投放与指导要点distinguish meaning, they are said to be.A. in phonemic contrastB. in complementary distributionC. the allophonesD. minimal pairThe sound /f/

21、is.A. voiced palatal affricateB. voiced alveolar stopC. voiceless velar fricativeD. voiceless labiodental fricativeA vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue maintainingthe highest position.A. backB. centralC. frontD. middlesegments. The phonemic featuresDistinctive features c

22、an be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemicthat occur above the level of the segments are calledphonetic componentsimmediate constituentsD. semantic featuresC. suprasegmental featuresA(n) is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit, a collection of distinctive phon

23、etic features.A. phoneB.soundC. allophoneD. phonemeThe different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the of that phoneme.A. phonesB.soundsC. phonemesD. allophones页脚内容5语言区材料投放与指导要点CHAPTER 3I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or Fal

24、se:T 1. Morphology studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.F 2.Words are the smallest meaningful units of language.T 3. Just as a phoneme is the basic unit in the study of phonology, so is a morpheme the basic unit in the study of morphology.T 4. The smallest

25、meaningful units that can be used freely all by themselves are free morphemes.T 5. Bound morphemes include two types: roots and affixes.T 6. Inflectional morphemes manifest various grammatical relations or grammatical categories such as number, tense, degree, and case.T 7. The existing form to which

26、 a derivational affix can be added is called a stem, which can be a bound root, a free morpheme, or a derived form itself.F 8. Prefixes usually modify the part of speech of the original word, not the meaning of it.F 9. There are rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stem to form

27、 a new word. Therefore, words formed according to the morphological rules are acceptable words.T 10. Phonetically, the stress of a compound always falls on the first element, while the second element receives secondary stress.III. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that

28、 can best complete the statement:The morpheme “ vision in the common word a television is a(n)A. bound morpheme B. bound form页脚内容6语言区材料投放与指导要点C. inflectional morpheme D. free morphemeThe compound word “ bookstore is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the meaning of a compound.is the

29、 sum total of the meaning of its componentscan always be worked out by looking at the meanings of morphemesis the same as the meaning of a free phrase.None of the above.The part of speech of the compounds is generally determined by the part of speech of .the first elementthe second elementeither the

30、 first or the second elementboth the first and the second elements.are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word.A. Free morphemes B. Bound morphemesC. Bound words D. Words25.is a branch of grammar which studies the int

31、ernal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.A. Syntax B.GrammarC. Morphology D. MorphemeThe meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is.A. lexical B. morphemicC. grammatical D. semanticBound morphemes are those that.have to be used independently页脚内容7语言区材料投放与指导要点can not be co

32、mbined with other morphemescan either be free or boundhave to be combined with other morphemes.28.modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the part of speech of the original word.A. Prefixes B. SuffixesC. Roots D. Affixes.are often thought to be the smallest meaningful units of lang

33、uage by the linguists.A. Words B. Morphemes C. Phonemes D. Sentences. -sin the word “ books is.A. a derivative affix B. a stemC. an inflectional affix D. a rootCHAPTER 4I. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false:T 1. Grammatical sentences are formed following a set of syntac

34、tic rules.T 2. The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, but there is no limit to the number of sentences native speakers of that language are able to produce and comprehend.F 3. An endocentric construction is also known as headed construction because it has just one headT 4. Constit

35、uents that can be substituted for one another without loss of grammaticality belong to the same syntactic category.F 5. In English syntactic analysis, four phrasal categories are commonly recognized and discussed, namely, noun phrase, verb phrase, infinitive phrase, and auxiliary phrase.T 6. Number

36、and gender are categories of noun and pronoun.T 7. Word order plays an important role in the organization of English sentences.页脚内容8语言区材料投放与指导要点T 8. Like English, modern Chinese is a SVO language.T 9. In English the subject usually precedes the verb and the direct object usually follows the verb.T 1

37、0. A noun phrase must contain a noun, but other elements are optional.There are four given choices for each statement below. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement:The head of the phrase “the city Rome isA the city B Rome C cityD the city and RomeA in the embedded clause refers to the

38、introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.A. coordinator B. particleC. Preposition D. subordinator3 Phrase structure rules have properties.A. recursiveB. grammaticalC. socialD. functional. Phrase structure rules allow us to better understand.how words and phrases form sentences.what cons

39、titutes the grammaticality of strings of wordshow people produce and recognize possible sentencesAll of the above.The phrase “ on the half belongs to constructionA endocentric B exocentric C subordinate D coordinate页脚内容9语言区材料投放与指导要点. The theory of case condition accounts for the fact that.nounphrase

40、s appear only in subject and object positions.nounphrases can be used to modify another noun phrasenounphrase can be used in adverbial positionsnounphrase can be moved to any place if necessary.The sentence structure is.A. only linearB. Only hierarchicalC. compelD. both linear and hierarchicalThe sy

41、ntactic rules of any language are in number.A. largeB. small C. finiteD. infiniteThe rules are the rules that group words and phrases to form grammaticalsentences.A. lexical B. morphological C. linguistic D. combinationalThe sentence “ They were wanted to remain quiet and not to expose themselves is

42、 asentenceA simple B coordinateC compound D complexInterrogative and imperative（祈使）sentences do not have truth value. TComponential analysis is based on the belief that the meaning of a word cannot be dissected （切分）into meaning components, called semantic feature. F （ can be页脚内容10语言区材料投放与指导要点One mer

43、it of componential analysis is that by specifying the semantic features of certain words, it will be possible to show how these words are related in meaning. T 42. Hyponymy is a matter of class membership, so it is the same as meronymy. F(Meronymy is a term used to describe a part-whole relationship

44、.)Two sentences using the same words may mean quite differently. TLinguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situationswhile linguistic forms with the same reference always have the same sense. FAn important difference between presupposition and entailment is t

45、hat presupposition, unlike entailment, is not vulnerable to negation. That is to say, if a sentence is negated, the original presupposition is still true. TConceptualists maintain that there is no direct link between linguistic form and what it refers to. This view can be seen by the Semantic triang

46、le. TLinguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations. T 48. Contextualism is based on the presumption that one can derive meaning from or reduce meaning to observable contexts. TThe meaning of a sentence is the sum total of the meanings of all its compone

47、nts. FMost languages have sets of lexical items similar in meaning but ranked differently according to their degree of formality. T“it is hot.-plaiceapmedication because it contains no argument. TIn grammatical analysis, the sentence is taken to be the basic unit, but in semantic analysis ofa senten

48、ce, the basic unit is predication, which is the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence. TI. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False:F 1. Both semantics and pragmatics study how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication页脚内容11语言区材料投放与指导要点F 2. Pr

49、agmatics treats the meaning of language as something intrinsic and inherent.T 3. It would be impossible to give an adequate description of meaning if the context of language use was left unconsidered.T 4. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning the

50、context of use is considered.F 5. The major difference between a sentence and an utterance is that a sentence is not uttered while an utterance is.F 6. The meaning of a sentence is abstract, but context-dependent.F 7. The meaning of an utterance is decontexualized, therefore stable.F 8. Utterances a

51、lways take the form of complete sentencesF 9. Speech act theory was originated with the British philosopher John Searle.T 10. Speech act theory started in the late 50 s of the 20th century.T 11. Austin made the distinction between a constative and a performative.F 12. Perlocutionary act is the act o

52、f expressing the speaker s intention.III. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can plete the statement:does not study meaning in isolation, but in context.A. PragmaticsB. SemanticsC. Sense relationD. Concept26. The meaning oflanguage was considered as somethingin traditionalA. contextualsemantics.D. logicalB. behaviouristicC. intrinsicWhat essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning is considered.A. referen