汽车专业英语读译教程 (梁桂航 第3版 ) 习题与答案TEXT A

1、汽车专业英语读译教程（第3版）TEXT A课后练习题(EXERCISES)参考答案UNIT 1 AUTOMOTIVE BASICSTEXT A The Basic Components of an Automobile/ Answer the following questions:There are two types of engine. What are they?There are two types of engine: gasoline (also called a spark-ignition engine) and diesel (also called a compressi

2、on-ignition engine).What are the functions of the lubrication system?The lubrication system has four functions:It cuts down friction by coating moving parts with oil.It produces a seal between the piston rings and the cylinder walls.It carries away sludge, dirt, and acids.It cools the engine by circ

3、ulating the motor oil.What are the components of the power train system?The power train system comprises clutch, transmission, propeller shaft, rear axle and differential and the driving road wheels.What are the three main functions of the braking system?The braking system on a vehicle has three mai

4、n functions. It must be able to reduce the speed of the vehicle, when necessary; it must be able to stop the car in as short a distance as possible; it must be able to hold the vehicle stationary./. Translate the following terms into Chinese:sedan 轿车convertible 活顶汽车pick-up皮卡(轻卡)The torque converter

5、replaces the conventional clutch. It has three functions:It allows the engine to idle with the vehicle at a standstill, even with the transmission or transaxle in gear.Tt allows the transmission or transaxle to shift from range-to-range smoothly, without requiring that the driver close the throttle

6、during the shift.It multiplies engine torque to an increasing extent as vehicle speed drops and throttle opening is increased. This has the effect of making the transmission or transaxle more responsive and reduces the amount of shifting required.There are two pressures which affect the operation of

7、 the shift valves. What are they?One is the governor pressure which is affected by vehicle speed. The other is the modulator pressure which is affected by intake manifold vacuum or throttle position.What are the three elements of a planetary gear set ?The three elements are: an outer gear that is sh

8、aped like a hoop, with teeth cut into the inner surface; a sun gear, mounted on a shaft and located at the very center of the outer gear; and a set of four planet gears, held by pins in a ring-like planet carrier, meshing with both the sun gear and the outer gearII. Translate the following paragraph

9、s into Chinese:The computer uses sensors on the engine and transmission to detect such things as throttle position, vehicle speed, engine speed, engine load, stop light switch position, etc. to control exact shift points as well as how soft or firm the shift should be. Some computerized transmission

10、s even learn your driving style and constantly adapt to it so that every shift is timed precisely when you would need it.计算机使用发动机和变速器上的传感器来检测油门位置、车速、发动机转速、 发动机负荷、制动灯开关位置等，以便控制精确的换档点，以及换档的软硬程度。一些计算 机控制的变速器甚至学习你的驾驶风格，并不断适应这种风格，以便当你需要换挡时的每一 次换挡时机都很精确。Because of computer controls, sports models are comi

11、ng out with the ability to take manual control of the transmission as though it were a stick shift, allowing the driver to select gears manually. This is accomplished on some cars by passing the shift lever through a special gate, then tapping it in one direction or the other in order to up-shift or

12、 down-shift at will. The computer monitors this activity to make sure that the driver does not select a gear that could over speed the engine and damage it.由于计算机控制，运动车型能够手动控制变速器，就像变速杆换挡一样， 允许驾驶员手动选择档位。在一些汽车上是这样实现的：通过将换档杆移入一个专门的换挡 槽，然后按照意愿在一个方向或另一个方向点击换挡杆，实现升档或降档。计算机监控此活 动，以确保驾驶员不能选择会让发动机超速运转而引起发动机损坏

13、的档位。UNIT 10 BRAKING SYSTEMSTEXT A Basic Braking System and ABS/. Answer the following questions:What are the three types of braking systems in use?Today, there are three types of braking systems in use: service braking system, parking braking system and additional retarder braking system.There are f

14、our main components to an ABS system, what are they?There are four main components to an ABS system: speed sensors, pump, valves and controller.What is a four-channel and four-sensor ABS?Four-channel, four-sensor ABS - This is the best scheme. There is a speed sensor on all four wheels and a separat

15、e valve for all four wheels. With this setup, the controller monitors each wheel individually to make sure it is achieving maximum braking force.What is the function of the ABS pump ?The pump returns the brake fluid taken from the wheel cylinder while the pressure is lowered. The pump is designed to

16、 maintain separation of the 2 braking circuits.Translate the following paragraph into Chinese:One of the greatest contributions to automotive safety was the advent of anti-lock braking systems. Anti-lock braking systems （ABS） allow maintaining directional control of the vehicle during braking. While

17、 benefits from ABS can be derived （得至U,起源）on dry pavement （路面） driving, the most substantial benefits are witnessed（目睹，说明）under adverse traction conditions. Braking systems operate on the principle that motion energy is removed from the vehicle in the form of heat and dissipated.对汽车平安的最大贡献之一是防抱死制动系统

18、的出现。防抱死制 动系统（ABS）允许在制动期间保持对车辆的方向控制。虽然在干燥路面驾驶中可以因ABS 而获益，但在不利的牵引条件下可看到最实质性的好处。制动系统的工作原理是运动能量以 热的形式从车辆上移走并消散掉。UNIT 11 SUSPENSION AND STEERING SYSTEMSTEXT A Basic Parts and Types of the Suspension and Steering Systems/. Answer the following questions:What is the purpose of any suspension system?The pur

19、pose of any suspension system is to allow the body of the vehicle to travel forward with a minimum amount of up-and-down movement.List the main components of a suspension system?Vehicle frame, springs, shock absorbers, and control armsWhat are the two major types of independent front suspensions?The

20、 two major types of independent front suspension are the conventional front suspension and the MacPherson strut front suspension.What is the advantage of the MacPherson strut?The advantage of the MacPherson strut is its compact design, which allows more room for service on small car bodies.The basic

21、 steering system can be divided into three main assemblies, what are they?The basic steering system can be divided into three main assemblies:The spindle and steering arm assemblies.The linkage assembly connecting the steering arms and steering gear.The steering wheel, steering shaft, and steering g

22、ear assembly.What are the three types of the steering gears in use?There are three types of the steering gears in use: recirculating ball steering gear, worm-and-roller steering gear and rack-and-pinion steering gear.Translate the following sentences into Chinese:The two major types of independent f

23、ront suspension are the conventional front suspension and the MacPherson strut front suspension.两种主要类型的独立前悬架是传统前悬 架和麦克弗森滑柱前悬架。The MacPherson strut contains a coil spring, which is mounted on top of the heavy strut-and-pedestal assembly.麦克弗森滑柱包含一个螺旋弹簧，该弹簧安装在沉重的滑柱-底座 组件的顶部。The advantage of the MacPher

24、son strut is its compact design, which allows more room for service on small car bodies.麦克弗森滑柱的优点是设计紧凑，这允许小型汽车车身有更多 的空间可供利用。When the vehicle has an independent rear suspension system, coil springs, MacPherson struts, a single transverse leaf spring, or even torsion bars can be used.当车辆装有独立后悬架系 统时，可以

25、使用螺旋弹簧、麦克弗森滑柱、单个横向叶片弹簧，甚至是扭力杆。On the rack-and-pinion steering system, the steering shaft is connected directly to the pinion shaft.在齿条.齿轮转向系统上，转向轴直接与小齿轮轴相连接。Power steering systems should ease steering wheel manipulation and, at the same time, offer enough resistance so that the driver can retain som

26、e road feeL动力转向系统应便于方向盘 的操纵，同时，提供足够的阻力，使驾驶员可以保持一些路感。UNIT 12 BODY ELECTRICAL SYSTEMSTEXT A Supplemental Restraint System/. Answer the following questions:List the main components of a SRS system.Air bag module, front impact sensor, a clock spring, low pressure switch and a diagnostic module.What is t

27、he purpose of a safing sensor?Its function is to determine that a crash has occurred.How to handle a live air bag module?At no time should any source of electricity be permitted near the inflator on the back of the module. When carrying a live module, the trim cover should be pointed away from the b

28、ody to minimize injury in the event of accidental deployment. In addition, if the module is placed on a bench or other surface, the plastic trim cover should be face up to minimize movement in case of accidental deployment.When handling a steering column with an air bag module attached, never place

29、the column on the floor or other surface with the steering wheel or module face down.How to handle a deployed air bag module?The vehicle interior may contain a very small amount of sodium hydroxide powder, a by-product of air bag deployment. Since this powder can irritate the skin, eyes, nose or thr

30、oat, be sure to wear safety glasses, rubber gloves and long sleeves during cleanup.If you find that the cleanup is irritating your skin, run cool water over the affected area. Also, if you experience nasal or throat irritation, exit the vehicle for fresh air until the irritation ceases, if irritatio

31、n continues, see a physician.Begin the cleanup by putting tape over the two air bag exhaust vents so that no additional powder will find its way into the vehicle interior. Then remove the air bag and air bag module from the vehicle.Use a vacuum cleaner to remove any residual powder from the vehicle

32、interior. Work from the outside in so that you avoid kneeling or sitting in an uncleaned area.Be sure to vacuum the heater and A/C outlets as well. In fact its a good idea to run the blower on low and to vacuum up any powder expelled from the plenum. You may need to vacuum the interior of the car a

33、second time to recover all of the powder.Check with the local authorities before disposing of the deployed bag and module in your trash.After an air bag has been deployed, the air bag module and clock spring must be replaced because they cannot be reused. Other air bag system components should be re

34、placed with new ones if damaged.II. Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese:The bag itself is made of a thin, nylon fabric, which is folded into the steering wheel or dashboard or, more recently, the seat or door. The sensor is the device that tells the bag to inflate. A mechanical switch is

35、 flipped when there is a mass shift that closes an electrical contact, telling the sensors that a crash has occurred. The sensors receive information from an accelerometer built into a microchip.气袋本身是由一种薄薄的尼龙织物制成的，它可以折叠在方向盘或仪表盘上，或者最近 也可以折叠在座椅或门上。传感器是告诉气袋充气的装置。当质量移动时，机械开关会翻转, 电气触点闭合，这是在告诉传感器发生了碰撞。这些传

36、感器从微芯片内置的加速度计接收信 息。When carrying a live air bag, make sure the bag and trim cover are pointed away from the body. In the unlikely event of an accidental deployment, the bag will then deploy with minimal chance of injury. When placing a live air bag on a bench or other surface, always face the bag an

37、d trim cover up, away from the surface. This will reduce the motion of the module if it is accidentally deployed.携带尚未张开的平安气囊时，应确保气囊和装饰盖背离车身。这样，在不太可能发生的 意外张开的情况下，气袋张开所造成的伤害机会最小。将尚未张开的平安气囊放在工作台或 其他外表上时，应始终始终将气囊装饰盖外表朝上。这样，如果气囊模块意外张开，会减少 该模块的运动量。UNIT 13 AUTOMOTIVE COMPUTERS ANDCOMMUNICATION SYSTEMTEXT A

38、 Computers on Modern Vehicles/ Answer the following questions:List the three major subsystems of the computer control system.Computer, input sensors and output devices.List the four basic types of permanent computer memory.Read only memory (ROM), programmable read only memory (PROM), erasable progra

39、mmable read only memory (EPROM), and electronically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM).II. Choose the best answer for each of the followings:Which of the following types of computer memory stores data temporarily? aRAMROMPROMEPROMDiagnostic trouble modes are stored in a?RAMROMPROMAll of

40、 the above.When does the ECU go into open loop mode? cWhen the engine is at normal temperature.When the engine is at middle speed.When the engine is at wide open throttle.When the engine is at lighter load.When does the ECU go into closed loop mode? aWhen the engine has warmed up sufficiently.When t

41、he engine is at middle speed.When the engine is at middle load.When the engine is at lighter load.UNIT 14 ELECTRIC AND AUTONOMOUS VEHICLESTEXT A Electric VehiclesI .Answer the following questions:How are electric vehicles classified?Electric vehicles are broadly categorized into four groups based on

42、 the electric design of their powertrains, namely battery electric vehicles (BEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and fuel-cell electric vehicles (FCEVs).What arc employed by PHEVs?PHEVs employ both an electric motor and an internal combustion engine, whi

43、ch can use gasoline or diesel.Il.Put the following paragraphs into Chinese:The propulsion system in FCEVs is more efficient than those in the conventional ICEVs(internal combustion engine vehicles), and they do not emit any pollutants. FCEVs can be fueled within 10 minutes and they can drive up to 3

44、00 miles. FCEV的推进系统比传统的ICEV (内燃机 车辆)的推进系统效率更高，而且不会排放任何污染物。FCEV可以在10分钟内加完燃料， 并且可行驶3。0英里。Unlike BEVs and PHEVs, the FCEVs do not use power grid to charge their batteries. Also, their onboard batteries are fairly small in size compared to those of BEVs, PHEVs, and HEVs. The disadvantages of FCEVs inclu

45、ded having limited networks of hydrogen fueling stations, and the technology being still in its infancy stages.与BEV及PHEV不同，FCEV不使用电网给电池 充电。此外，与BEV、PHEV及HEV相比，FCEV的车载电池的尺寸也相当小。FCEV的缺点 包括氢加油站网络有限，而且这项技术仍处于起步阶段。Parallel hybrid drive. A mechanical gearbox is required. Both drives are connected to the me

46、chanical gearbox, and only one electric machine is necessary. 并联式混合动力。需要有个 机械齿轮箱。两个驱动系统都连接到机械变速箱，且只需要一台电机。UNIT 15 New Battery Electric VehiclesTEXT A Development of New Battery Electric VehiclesI .Answer the following questions:What are the battery electric vehicles for new product development proce

47、ss framework?The vehicle development process includes the entire process from project initiation to Standard Operation Procedure (SOP), which is divided into six stages: market positioning stage, project initiation stage, scheme and styling stage, detailed design stage, product validation stage and

48、mass production preparation stage.What is the main work content of mass production preparation stage?The main work content is to carry out production line verification, tooling acceptance, production training, sales training, market promotion program implementation and market readiness check, verify

49、 the components manufacturers* climbing ability and components production consistency ability.II.Put the following paragraphs into Chinese:The degree of perfect energy replenishment facilities in the target area needs to be considered in the configuration planning to determine whether the vehicle ca

50、n be configured for battery swap, DC charging, etc.在配置规划时需要考虑目标区域的能量补充设施完善程度，以确定车辆能否配置换电、 直流充电等。When determining the overall scheme, special consideration needs to be given to the layout of the traction battery, drive motor, electric air conditioning system and the resulting impact on the vehicle la

51、yout.在确定总体方案时，需要特殊考虑动力蓄电池、驱动电机、电动空调系统的布置及由此 带来的对整车布置的影响。In this stage, the second batch of FP Car (Function Prototype Car-2, a prototype car to support further design and verification of the vehicle/system solution, including the vehicle layout, electrical principle, electric drive system matching,

52、electric auxiliary system and joint verification of the vehicle communication) is firstly carried out for trial production.在此阶段首先进行第二阶段EP Car （Engineering Prototype Car-2,用于进一步设计和验证 车辆/系统解决方案的样车，包括车辆布局、电气原理、电气驱动系统匹配，电气辅助系统 和车辆通信系统的联合验证）试生产。commercial vehicle 商用汽车bus公共汽车coach长途客车UNIT 2 ENGINE MECHANI

53、CALTEXT A Operation, Main Components and Classification of theEngine/ . Answer the following questions:What are the four strokes in a four-stroke cycle engine?Intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes oUsing cylinder arrangement, there are three most popular engines in use today. What are they

54、?Inline engines, V-type engine , horizontal opposed engineWhat are the advantages of a hydraulic lifter?Hydraulic lifters are self-adjusting, operate with no lifter-to-rocker arm clearance, and are quiet in operation.What are the advantages of a V-type engine?The V-type engine has several advantages

55、: short length, extra block rigidity, a short, heavy crankshaft, and low profile that is conducive to low hood lines. The shorter block permits a reduction in vehicle length with no sacrifice in passenger room./. Choose the best answer for each of the followings:Crankshafts are usually made of_a.cas

56、t ironstainless steelcopper alloyaluminumConnecting rods are usually made of_c.cast ironstainless steelalloy steeld.copperPistons are usually made of d.cast ironstainless steelalloy steelaluminumIn addition to supporting the crankshaft, one of the main bearings must control the b movement.up and dow

57、nforward and backwardleft and right d. transverseUNIT 3 FUEL INJECTION SYSTEMS (1)TEXT A Electronic Fuel Injection/. Answer the following questions:What are the two kinds of electronic gasoline injection systems?In the electronic injection system, the air-fuel mixture is controlled in one of two way

58、s. The injector may be opened and closed by electrical signals. This is a pulse fuel injection system. In the other type of system, the injector is forced open by fuel pressure. Fuel pressure is controlled by an electronic control device, or by an airflow metering valve, depending on the system. Thi

59、s is the continuous fuel injection system.What are the advantages of the multi-port injection systems?Multi-port systems offer the following advantages:greater power by avoiding venturi losses as in a carburetor, and by allowing the use of tuned intake runners for better torque characteristicsimprov

60、ed driveability by reducing the throttle-change lag which occurs while the fuel travels from the throttle body to the intake ports increased fuel economy by avoiding condensation of fuel on interior walls of the intake manifold (manifold wetting)simplified turbocharger applications; the turbocharger