2022年人教新课标高中英语必修三Unit4Astronomy全单元详细教案

1、Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars Contents 目录一、单元教学目标和要求Teaching aims and demands 二、教材内容分析 Analysis of the teaching materials三、单元预习任务 Pre-unit task）四、教学支配 Teaching arrangements 五、教学步骤 Teaching procedures 六、背景参考资料 Background knowledge 七、评判与反思 Assessment and reflection 一、教学目标和要求 Teaching aims

2、 and demands 依据英语新课程标准（试验稿）关于总目标的详细描述,结合高一同学实际和教材内容,我们将教学目标分为 语言学问、语言技能、学习策略、情感态度、文化意识 五个方面；1 语言学问（ Knowledge）词汇（ Vocabulary ）：能懂得、内化、运用以下生词- atmosphere, violent-violence, solid, explode, oxygen, surface, planet, harmful harm, development develop, spread, method, presence, telescope, disappointed, f

3、orce, gradually, float, mass, 短语 Phrases and expressions：the solar system, in time, carbon dioxide, prevent , from, depend on, cheer up, now that, break out, 功能 Functions：学习把握一些用于陈述问题及赐予看法的结构,如：My problem/ trouble is , . The difficulty / question is ,My advice/ suggestion is ,What I think about it i

4、s ,Please pay attention to, Make sure you , Watch out for , 语法 Grammar ：把握和运用主语从句；如：1. What is needed for the space trip is careful preparation. 2. Why there is gravity is hard to understand. 2语言技能 Skills 听：能通过听前猜测,抓关键词来捕获特定信息从而听懂懂得文章；说：能娴熟把握与话题相关的常用词汇与表达,如：如何通过英语来正确客观地表述 问题及赐予看法,同时使同学能就话题较好地完成一些开放性

5、话题,以提高在真实语境中 的英语交际才能；读：猎取关 于 astronomy 的 相 关信息 ,且进 行 skimming, scanning, careful reading, generalization; inference 等阅读微技能训练；写：能通过输入对本单元内容有一个较好的输出；3 学习策略 Strategy：合作学习、自主学习、有效交际、信息处理和英语思维的能同学能在肯定程度上形成力；如：培育同学使用图书馆、网络查阅有关星球的资料；4情感态度 Affect：1 让同学明白生命的起源,增强其爱护地球的意识；2 培育同学正确的阅读观,和良好的阅读习惯,加强其 3 培育同学科学探究的

6、精神；4 培育同学 合作和共享 的学习态度；自主阅读 的才能；5 文化意识 Cultural awareness ：通过同学自主探究来熟悉各国对太空,对星球的争论,以及他们对世界航天事业不同 的影响；二、教材内容分析（ Analysis of the teaching materials）“ 热身”Warming up 部分共有三组问题,第一组问题引导同学争论什么是边缘科学（frontier science）,即以两种或多种学科为基础而进展起来的科学；如,生物化学是以生物和化学进展起来的科学；其次组问题探讨科学争论的方法；第三组问题引导同学要成为 真正科学家所必需把握的技能；“ 读前” （ P

7、rereading）部分主要是让同学弄清晰什么是科学思想,什么是宗教信仰或文 化传统；同学总喜爱听故事或者讲故事,在探讨生命起源之前,让同学探讨一下关于宇宙 起源的种种传奇,既好玩味性,又能调动同学的相关学问,激发他们的思维；“ 阅读” （ Reading）部分叙述了地球生命的起源,水的形成使得地球有别于其他星球,它 使得地球上生命的产生成为可能；科学家认为,地球上的生命第一产生于水中,然后通过 上百万年后,陆地上才长出绿色植物,然后显现陆栖动物和水陆两栖动物；最初的动物靠 孵化繁殖后代,后来显现了哺乳动物,人类也随之产生了；文章最终叙述的现象发人省 醒： The earth may beco

8、me too hot for the lives on it. 它关系到地球上生命的将来；“ 懂得” （ Comprehending）部分通过四个挑选体检测同学对本文核心问题的懂得：地球上 生命的起源和连续需要哪些条件？随后通过排序的方式帮忙同学懂得本文的行文线索,也 就是地球上生命起源和进展历程；最终提出两个问题,考察同学深层懂得和推断才能；“ 语言学习” （Learning about language）部分第一通过英文说明帮忙懂得课文中的生词,然后通过短文填空,词语分类的形式将这些词语运用到相关的语境当中；语法部分也是通 过先发觉后应用的学习方法；先通过课文中找句子,让同学熟悉主语从句,

9、然后设置一个 用手机发短信息的情形,让同学进行简洁句与主语从句之间的转换练习；最终设置情形来 复习第三单元显现过的表语从句；“ 语言运用” （Using language）部分训练听说读写的才能；听力部分介绍三位科学巨匠,不仅通过填表的形式训练同学捕获细节的才能,仍通过四选一的形式帮忙同学找主题思 想；在说明对与错的过程当中,老师可以适当地介绍一下概括主题的方法；阅读部分是一 个科幻小故事,通过“ 我” 和“ 我的伴侣” 乘坐宇宙飞船登月球的经受,介绍了重量,失重和地球引力等科学道理；说和写部分以“Visiting the moon” 为话题,要求同学争论登月球要携带的物品,月球上可能会遇到的

10、困难,以及找出解决这些困难的方法；老师可以根 据课本上的提示,向同学介绍“ 先分述后总结” 的写作方法；提出问题的解决方案时,要 求同学使用适当的“ 指示” 用语；“ 小结” （ Summary up）部分要求同学就内容,生词和习惯用语以及语法结构方面进行总 结；“ 学习建议” （Learning tip）部分要求同学运用诸如百科全书,互联网络等资源,进一步 探究宇宙的秘密；并通过记日记,看新闻的方式明白最新争论与发觉；晚上,眺望星空感 受一下宇宙的魅力；本单元所涉及的要点有：1明白边缘科学,地球上生命的起源,明白万有引力,黑洞和太空旅行等天文学学问；培 养同学对科学的爱好,激发同学探究科学的

11、热忱；2明白作者的写作特点,培育同学的创作性思维,为同学开拓宽阔的想象空间；3学会在日常交际中正确地使用指示语；4把握名词性从句中主语从句的用法；三、单元预习任务（Pre-unit task）1. 依据本单元教学目标和要求,明白本单元话题和任务,充分做好课前预习工作；2. 预习语言学问,包括词汇表里的词汇和扩展词汇,把握词义、发音、词性以及其基本用 法；勉励同学勤查字典；3. 多渠道（如报刊、杂志、网络等等）查阅并明白与本单元话题有关的背景学问和材料；第一课时前：1、 依据教学目标和要求,明白本课时的话题和任务,预习课文的语言学问,包 括词汇表里的词汇和短语,以及课外供应的扩展词汇,把握词义、

12、发音、词性以及基本用法；勉励同学勤查字典；2、 预习阅读材料,把握文章的中心思想和基本脉络；3、 通过报刊、杂志、网络等途径,多渠道查阅并明白与阅读材料相关的信息资 料和背景学问,做好充分的课前预习工作；（同学可以通过以下问题来 自我检查预习 情形）Questionnaire: 1.What does astronomy deal with. 2.What do we call people who study astronomy. 3.How did the universe come into being. 4.Can you name the eight planets. 5.Do yo

13、u know the solar system in the universe. What is it made up of ？6.How did life come into being on the earth. 其次课时前：1、 复习阅读课文,预习所给的词汇、相关星球学问等材料；2、 预习 Using language. 第三课时前：1、 预习所给的词汇,和相关学问；2、 查找并阅读一篇关于黑洞的文章；第四课时前：1、预习语言点和语法点；第五课时前：1、 复习上一课时所学的语言点和语法；2、 通过本单元的输入,排列写故事的写作方法；四、教学支配 Teaching arrangements

14、 本教学支配依据“LARA 教学原就” ,对教材进行大胆的删除（L leave out）、 修补（ A Amending ）、替换（ R Replace ）、增加（ A Add ）,敏捷的将教材为我所 用；新教材在选材和教学活动的设计上充分考虑到同学年龄特点和他们生理和心理进展的 需要；在采纳话题、功能、结构相结合的教学方法的基础上,设计了“ 任务型” 的活动；对英语语言学问和技能训练作了系统的支配,循序渐进,循环反复,有利于同学构建学问 系统；留意培育创新精神,提高实践才能；但新教材也应与同学的实际相结合,我们不能 全盘照搬；同时在教学过程中,为了对教学有个即使的反馈和有效的改进,我们仍进行

15、了“ 形成性评判” ；本单元的语言技能和语言学问几乎都环绕“The science of the stars” 这一中心话题设计的；我们依据本单元实际情形对教材的课时支配作了一些调整,特殊是同学用书 Student s Book 和作业本 Workbook 有机结合；整个单元的备课思路是这样的：从天文学谈到地球（地球上生命的起源,如何去爱护地球）-其他星球及太空物质（月 球及黑洞） -去太空旅行的目的,可能会遇到哪些困难,需要做哪些预备- 科学家进行 探究需要预备什么以及需要怎样的素养；因此,详细支配是这样的：Period one: Warming up and reading Period

16、two: Using language and readingwb Period three: Listening, talking, listening and writing Period four: Grammar Period five: Language Point 这样要说明的是我们在其次三课时教学中,特殊穿插了对写作的辅导,符合了先输入后输 出的教学理念；五、教学步骤Teaching procedures Period 1 Warming up & Reading Step 1 Warming up & lead in 1. Talk about science subjects

17、 T: Good morning/afternoon, everyone. What class do you have today. S1: Maths, English, Chinese, physics, history, and geology. T: What other subjects do you have in school. S2: Computer, chemistry, biology, music, PE, and politics. T: Which is your favourite. Why. S3: My favourite one is ,because i

18、t s very interesting/exciting/instructive/ ,S4: I like , best because ,T: Which ones are science subjects. S5: Physics, chemistry, biology, geology and mathematics. T: All these subjects play an important role in the study of science. What subjects are used to study medicine. How about biochemistry.

19、 What about geophysics. What subjects are part of astronomy. S6: , S7: , S8: , S9: ,T: What does astronomy deal with. S10: Astronomy is the scientific study of the universe and the heaven bodies such as the sun, moon, and stars, gas, and dust within it. T: What do we call people who study astronomy.

20、 S11: Astronomer.2. Talk about universe and solar system T: Let s follow this astronomer to learn about universe. How did the universe come into being. S12: After the “ Big Bang” , the universe came into being. T: Do you know the solar system in the universe. What is it made up of. S13: The solar sy

21、stem contains eight planets and many comets and other objects. Note：According to the present day scientific study, there are only eight planets, with the Pluto excluded. T: Can you name the eight planets. S14: The Sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. T: Which plane

22、t do we live on. Can you describe what it looks like. S15: Earth. It supports a variety of life and 70% of the earth is covered with seas or oceans. T: Is there life on other planets. S16: Not yet. T: Why does life only exist on the earth. S17: Because there is air and water on the earth. T: Right,

23、there is a famous saying “ Water is the headspring of life ” . But how did the water appear on the earth. If you want to get the correct answer, please read the passage on P25. It will tell you. Step 2 Reading 1. Get the Ss to go through Paragraph 1 on P 25 and find the answers to the following ques

24、tions Qs: What did the earth look like after the “ Big Bang ” . a cloud of energetic dust How did the earth change afterwards. , combine into a solid ball What happened to the ball. explode, make the earths atmosphere How did the water begin to appear. （cool down ） Did water stay on the other planet

25、s or satellites. disappear Water was important for the beginning of life. How did water make life develop. dissolve harmful gases into , T: With water, life began and developed on the earth. How did life develop through history. 2. Make the Ss read paragraphs 2-3 and finish the following chart. A cl

26、oud of dust a solid ball presence of water small plants grow on the water shellfish and other fish appear plants begin to grow on dry land insects and amphibians appear retiles appear dinosaurs appear mammals appear Q: Why was it necessary for plants to grow before animals. Plants provided oxygen fo

27、r animals to breathe. 3. Retell Suppose you are Dr. , who studies astronomy. You are invited to give a speech to the school students about the development of nd. life on “ Earth Day” April 22Good morning/afternoon. I am Dr ,. I am greatly honored to be here to give you a speech about the development

28、 of life ” . ,4. Let the Ss read paragraph 4 and think over the problems caused by humans to the earth. T: Earth is home to us the living things. We ought to take good care of it. Do we human beings look after the earth well. What problems have been caused by humans to the earth. air/water/earth pol

29、lution, global warming, desertification, endangered wildlife , Step 3 Activities 1. Activity 1 : We make our home earth in danger. If we still keep doing damage to the earth, we will be homeless one day. It is time we took action and protected it. Discuss in groups “ How to protect our earth and mak

30、e it a better place to live on.”2. Activity 2: Suppose you are to design an activity for your school on Earth Day, which is intended to call on teachers and students to protect the earth. Work in groups and choose a reporter of your group to report your work. The following points should be included

31、in the report of your activity. What the activity is about Why the activity is designed When and where to do the activity Who takes part in the activity What to be done in the activity ,Step4 Homework: 1. Search the Internet for the information of the development of life. 2. Read and learn good word

32、s, phrases or structures from Reading. Period 2 Using language $ Reading task Step1. Lead in T: We have learnt a lot about astronomy, have you got interested in it. If you are going to study astronomy, what problem will you face most. S2:Gravity.T: What is gravity. S3: Everything will fall back to t

33、he earth if it is dropped or thrown away. The pull of the earth is called gravity. T: Quite right. Who first got the idea of gravity. S4: Isaac Newton. T: How did he get the idea. S5: One day he was sitting under the tree. He saw an apple fall, which made him get the idea. Besides Newton, are there

34、any other scientists who made a great contribution to the idea of gravity. S6: Albert Einstein, Stephen Hawking. T: How did each of them think of gravity. Or did they share the same idea of gravity. Come on, the tape will tell you. Step 2 Listening 1. Listen to the tape and choose the best main idea

35、 of the listening passage Ex.2 P30. Main idea: I heard about how three men made mistakes when they tried to describe gravity. I heard about how three men wanted to find out about the beginning of the universe. I heard about how the idea of gravity has developed over a long period of time. I heard ab

36、out three scientists and their work. The best answer : 2. Listen to the tape again and fill in the chart in Ex. 1 on P30. Isaac Newton Albert Stephen Einstein Hawking Dates 1642-1727 1879-1955 1942- Everything is Gravity is “ Black affected by a connected to holes”Idea force gravity called time spac

37、e and “ eat”objects but also “ spit”them out It was only about It was about It was about the earth the universe things found Other in the universe information called “ black holes”Note: Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space not a thing into which matter has fallen a

38、nd from which nothing can escape not even light. So we can t see a black hole. A black hole exerts a strong gravitational pull and yet it has no matter. It is only space - or so we think. Step3.Reading 1. Fast reading T: All the three great scientists Newton, Einstein and Hawking played an important

39、 role in the development of ideas of gravity. Would you like to know more about gravity. Ss: Yes. T: Is the moons gravity the same as that of the earth. S1: No. T: Read fast to see how many times would the force of gravity change. S2: Three. 2.Careful reading T: What are the three times. How would t

40、he force of gravity change. And how did our weight change. Leave the earth Very strong Very heavy In space Disappeared Floated weightlessly On the moon Very light The mass will be less 3.Summary T: Good. I am sure you must know more about the gravity. Suppose you are asked to make a summary about th

41、e trip, will you try. You only need to fill the blacks and the first word has been given. Last month I visited the moon with my friend. Before we left, I was told the force of gravity_ would change three times on our journey. Then we took off. As we left the earth, I became very heavy_. Gradually th

42、e weight lessened_. When I was in space, it disappeared_. We floated_ weightlessly in the cabin and I cheered up_. When I was on the moon, I was surprised to find out even walking needs lots of practice now that_ gravity changed. The returning of the earth was very frightening_. We were amazed to wa

43、tch fire break out_ on the outside of the ship. Step4. Reading task T：Great. But just imagine that the moon has great gravity, then what will happen. S3: It will pull us. T: Right, maybe when we are approaching it, we will be caught in it. So let s come to the black hole. T: What are in the black ho

44、le. S: A large circle of lights going round an empty space. T: What is the circle of lights. S: Large stars. T: What is the empty space like. S: It looks like a mouth needing to be fed. T: How did they feel. S: They watched in shock and amazement as a large sun suddenly disappeared into the hole. T:

45、 So what did they decide to do. S: They decided to turn the spaceship away from the hole . T: What was happening. S: not move- jump and move around the edge of the outside of the hole- pulling us slowly into its “mouth” - go faster and faster. T: What did the author feel. S: feel sick, the watch mov

46、es slower and slower, my mouth dry, close my eyes. T: It seemed that they would be caught by the gravity of a “ black hole ” . But what happened later. S: jump again- increase its speed- as fast as light- flew like a bird. T: This time, how was the author affected. S: was bumped and banged- able to

47、look around us- the computer started working again. T: What did the author feel. S: Exciting. T: Why. S: They realized that they had discovered something new about “ black hole” - They “ eat some objects but “ spit” other objects out. Step5. Homework 1. Search for more about the black hole. 2. Read

48、these two passages again to find out how to organize a story. Period 3 listening task, talking, listening and writing Step1. Lead in T: We learn so much about Li Yanpings trip, do you know why did he go to space. S1: To do research in astronomy. S2: Just to enjoy himself. S3:,Step2. listening T: So

49、lets listen to Professor Walli s interview with Li Yanping about his space walk. Then try to answer the question. Why did Li Yanping have his first space walk. A. To collect data for his research on gravity. B. To test the function of the new spacesuit. C. To make the Hubble telescope work again. St

50、ep3.Discussion T: Was it easy for him to make the Hubble telescope work again. What difficulty would he meet. Discuss in groups, and try to share your ideas. Ss: The change of gravity, temperature, no food, no water, no oxygen,T: In order to solve these problems, what should an astronomer bring. Ss:

51、 food, oxygen can, water, boots,Step4. Second Listening T： Listen to the tape again. Pick out the information and draw lines from the list to where the things are on the suit of the astronaut. 1. Oxygen can 2. Water system 3 . Gravity boots 4. Left engine 5. Right engine 6. Tool kit Step5. Talking T

52、: So as an astronomer, he should be well prepared before starting, right. Ss: Yes. T: What should he pay attention to when getting ready. What are the dos and donts. Try to use these expressions to make up a set of instructions. Please look at/ listen to, You need,Please check that,YouPlease pay att

53、ention to,Dont forget to,d better,Make sure you, You mustnt,Watch out for ,Step6. Pre-listening T: Actually, an astronaut should be careful in his preparation and remember all these instructions. By the way, Our country has many famous astronomers and China has made great efforts and contribution in

54、 astronomy. Qs: Do you remember the manned spacecrafts Shenzhou 5 and 6 . When were they launched. Who took them. Astronauts/Taikonauts: Yang Liwei Shenzhou 5; Fei Junlong & Nei Haisheng Shenzhou 6 When were they launched. How long was the manned spaceflight mission. Shenzhou 6 Spacecraft Shenzhou 5

55、 When October 15, 2022 October 12, 2022 Who Yang Liwei Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng How long 21 hours and 23 5 days minutes Note: ShenZhou-5 is the first manned spaceflight mission launched by China on 15 October 2022, following four unmanned experimental missions between 1999 and 2022. ShenZhou-5 s

56、paceship carried astronaut YANG Liwei into earth orbit and made China one of only countries after Russia and the U.S. in the world to independently launch a human into space. The spaceships re-entry capsule landed safely 21 hours after the launch at the landing site in Inner Mongolia. T gets the Ss

57、to watch a TV programme about the journey to space. T: It must be an exciting experience for the astronauts Yang Liwei, Fei Junlong and Nei Haisheng to take a trip into space. They are lucky enough to be chosen. Not all the pilots can be chosen to take a space trip. What kind of standards do you thi

58、nk they should reach. S: ,Step7. Listening T: Now lets follow the reporter Mr. Renault to have an interview with Yang Liwei. 1. Listen to the tape and finish Ex. 1 on P62. 1 Yang Liwei became an astronaut by chance. F 2 Nobody over 170cm can be an astronaut. F 3 Yang Liwei trained for 10 years to be

59、come a pilot. T 4 If Yang Liwei had problems in space, there were ways to save him. T 5 China is the third country to send people into space just like Russia and the USA. T 6 Yang Liwei thinks he was lucky to Chinas first man in space. T 2. Listen to the tape again and finish the chart in Ex. 2 on P

60、62 Information on Yang Liwei, the astronaut The exams he Excellent degree and 10 years training passed Experience Pilot for the air force of the PLA Physical Smaller than 170cm; less than 70 kg qualities Personal Calm, mature, hard-working qualities Step8. Discussion 1.Why is it important to be calm