英语语言学各章节题目

1、Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human A. contact B. communication C. relation D. communityWhich of the following words is entirely arbitraryA. tree B. typewriter C. crash D. bangWhich of the following property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers cause

2、d by time and place, due to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free to talk about anything in any situationA. TransferabilityB. DualityC. DisplacementD.Arbitrariness 4. refers to the actual realization of the ideal language user sknowledge of the rules of his language in utterances

3、.A. Performance B. Competence C. Langue D. Parole5. deals with language application to other fields, particularlyeducation.A. Linguistic theoryB. Practical linguisticsC. Comparative linguisticsD. Applied linguisticsII. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.Language is written bec

4、ause writing is the primary medium for all languages.We were all born with the ability toacquire language, which means the detailsof any language system can be genetically transmitted.Only human beings are able to communicate.F. de Saussure, who made the distinction between langue and parole in the

5、early 20th century, was a French linguist.The conventional nature of language is illustrated by a famous quotation fromShakespear s play Romeo and Juliet:A rose by any other name would smell assweetSpeech and writing came into being at much the same time in human history.Fill in the blanks.Linguisti

6、cs is the study of language.Modern linguistics is in the sense that the linguist tries to discover what language is rather than lay down some rules for people to observe.One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of over writing.The description of a language as it changes through ti

7、me is a study.Saussure put forward two important concepts. refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech community.Linguistic potential is similar to Saussure s langue and Chomsky sExplain the following terms:syntaxanthropological linguisticsExplain Hallidays theory of m

8、etafunctions of language.SoundsPitch variation is known as when its patterns are imposed onD. voicesentences.A. intonation B. tone C. pronunciationWhich branch of phonetics concerns the production of speech soundsAcoustic phoneticsArticulatory phoneticsAuditory phoneticsNone of the aboveWhich one is

9、 different from the others according to places of articulationA. n B. m C. b D. pWhich vowel is different from the others according to the characteristics of vowelsA. i: B. u C. e D. i What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibratingA. Voiceless B. Voiced C. Glottal stop D. Consona

10、ntII. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.Suprasegmental phonology refers to the study of phonological properties of units larger than the segment-phoneme, such as syllable, word and sentence.p is a voiced bilabial stop.Acoustic phonetics is concerned with the perception of spe

11、ech sounds.According to the length or tenseness of the pronunciation, vowels can be divided into long vs. short or tense vs. lax.In English, all the back vowels are rounded.In English, all the front vowels and the central vowels are unrounded.Fill in the blanks.According to the feature of voicing, c

12、onsonant sounds can be either or, while all vowel sounds are.Consonants differ from vowels in that the latter are produced without .In phonological analysis the words fail / veil are distinguishable simply because of the two phonemes /f/ - /v/. This is an example for illustrating .In English there a

13、re a number of, which are produced by moving from one vowel position to another through intervening positions.takes place when the organs of speech move to produce patterns of sound. These movements have an effect on the coming from the lungs.17. Write the symbol that corresponds to each of the foll

14、owing phonetic descriptions; then give an English word that contains this sound. Example: voiced alveolar stopd dog.voiceless bilabial unaspirated stoplow front vowellateral liquidvelar nasalvoiced interdental fricativeNouns, verbs and adjectives can be classified as.A. content words B. grammatical

15、wordsC. function words D. form wordsMorphemes that represent tense, number, gender and case are called morpheme.A. inflectional B. free C. bound D.derivationalThere are morphemes in the word denationalization .A. three B. four C. five D. sixIn English ise and tion are called.A. prefixes B. suffixes

16、C. infixes D.stemsThe three subtypes of affixes are: prefix, suffix and.D.A. derivational affix B. inflectional affix C. infix back-formation6.is a way in which new words may be formed from already existing words by subtracting an affix which is thought to be part of the old word.A. affixation B. ba

17、ck-formation C. insertion D. additionThe word DINK is formed in the way of.A. acronymy B. clipping C. compounding D.blendingThe words like smog and motel are formed by.A. blending B. clipping C. back-formation D. acronymyFill in the blanks.A small set of conjunctions, prepositions and pronouns belon

18、g to class, while the largest part of nouns, verbs, adjectives andadverbs belongs to class. is a reverse process of derivation, and therefore is a process of shortening. is extremely productive, because English had lost most of its inflectional endings by the end of Middle English period, whichfacil

19、itated the use of words interchangeably as verbs or nouns, verbs or adjectives, and vice versa.A word formed by derivation is called a, and a word formed by compounding is called a.Bound morphemes are classified into two types: andExplain the following term, using examples.AllomorphInflectionBound r

20、ootThe sentence structure is.A. only linearB. only hierarchicalC. complexD. bothlinear andhierarchicalThe syntactic rules of any language are in number.A. large B. small C. finite D. infiniteA sentence is considered when it does not conform to the grammatical knowledge in the mind of native speakers

21、.A. right B. wrong C. grammatical D. ungrammaticalA in the embedded clause refers to the introductory wordthat introduces the embedded clause.A. coordinator B. particle C. preposition D. subordinatorPhrase structure rules allow us to better understand.how words and phrases form sentences.what consti

22、tutes the grammaticality of strings of wordshow people produce and recognize possible sentencesall of the above.The phrase “on the shelf “ belongs to construction.A.endocentricB. exocentricC. subordinateD.coordinateDecide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%)The syntactic rules o

23、f any language are finite in number, but thereis no limit to the number of sentences native speakers of that languageare able to produce and comprehend.In a complex sentence, the two clauses hold unequal status, one subordinating the other.Constituents that can be substituted for one another without

24、 lossof grammaticality belong to the same syntactic category.In English syntactic analysis, four phrasal categories are commonly recognized and discussed, namely, noun phrase, verb phrase, infinitive phrase, and auxiliary phrase.In English the subject usually precedes the verb and the direct object

25、usually follows the verb.III. Fill in the blanks. (20%)A sentence consists of a single clause which contains asubject and a predicate and stands alone as its own sentence.A maybe a noun or a noun phrase in a sentence that usuallyprecedes the predicate.The part of a sentence which comprises a finite

26、verb or a verb phrase and which says something about the subject is grammatically calledA sentence contains two, or more, clauses, one of whichis incorporated into the other.Explain the term IC analysis.“more beautiful flowers ”Explain the three types of syntactic relationsDistinguish the two possib

27、le meanings of37. Draw a tree diagram of the sentence:The student wrote a letter yesterday.According to the semantic triangle presented by Ogdenand Richards, the symbol or refers to the linguistic elements(words,sentences, etc.), the refers to the object in the world ofexperience and the thought or

28、reference refers to concept.analysis is based upon the belief that the meaning of a word can be divided into meaning components.The semantic component of the word are +Human,+Adult, +male, -Married. opposites may be seen in terms of degrees of the quality involved.We call the relation between“animal

29、” and “coW as.A. polysemy B. antonymy C. homophony D. hyponymyThe pair of words “wide/narrow “ are called.A. gradable opposites B. complementary antonymsC. co-hyponyms D. relational oppositesWhat is the meaning relationship between the two words “rose/tulip ”A. polysemy B. hyponymy C. homophony D. c

30、o-hyponymsA word with several meaning is called.A. an abnormal word B. a polysemic wordC. a synonymous word D. None of the above“Words are namesor labels for things. This view is called in semantic theory. A. mentalism B. conceptualism C. naming theoryD. contexualismThe pair of words “borrow/lend “

31、are ca lled.A. relational opposites B. synonyms C. complementaries D. gradable oppositesWhich description of componential analysis for the word “woman is rightA. +human, -adult, -male B. +human, +adult, -maleC. +human, +adult, +male D. +human, -adult, +maleWhat is the meaning relationship between th

32、e two words“flower/tulip ”A. Polysemy B. Homonymy C. Hyponymy D. AntonymyThe semantic components of the word mancan be expressedas.A. +human, +male, -adult B. +human, -male, -adultC. +human, +male, +adult D. +human, -male, +adultExplain the following term, using examples.Componential analysisSemanti

33、c triangleExplain the three kinds of antonymy.What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning is considered.A. reference B. speech act C. practical usage D. contextA sentence is a concept, and the meaning of a sentence is often studied in isolation.A. pragm

34、aticB. grammaticalC. mentalD.conceptualIf we think of a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes a (n).A. constative B. directive C. utterance D.expressive is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or the change bro

35、ught about by the utterance.A. A locutionary actB. Anillocutionary actC. A perlocutionary actD.A performativeactAccording to Searle, the illocutionary point of the representativeto get the hearer to do somethingto commit the speaker to something s being the caseto commit the speaker to some future c

36、ourse of actionto express the feelings or attitude towards an existing state of affairsAll the acts that belong to the samecategory share the samepurpose, but they differ.A. in their 川ocutionary acts B. in their intentions expressedC. in their strength or force D. in their effect brought aboutWhen a

37、ny of the maxims under the cooperative principle is flouted, might arise.A. impolitenessB. contradictionsC. mutual understandingD. conversational implicaturesDecide whether the following statements are true or false.Pragmatics treats the meaning of language as something intrinsic and inherent.It wou

38、ld be impossible to give an adequate description of meaning if the context of language use was left unconsidered.What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning the context of use is considered.The meaning of a sentence is abstract, but context-dependent.Th

39、e meaning of an utterance is decontexualized, therefore stable.Utterances always take the form of complete sentencesSpeech act theory was originated with the British philosopher John Searle.were statements that either state or describe, and were thus verifiable.were sentences that did not state a fa

40、ct or describe a state, and were not verifiable.A(n) act is the act of uttering words, phrases, clauses.It is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexiconand phonology.A(n) act is the act of expressing the speaker s intention; it is the act performed in saying something.A(n) is c

41、ommit the speaker himself to some future course of action.A(n) is to express feelings or attitude towards an existingstate.There are four maxims under the cooperative principle: the maximof , the maxim of quality, the maxim of relation and the maximof manner.IV Analyze the implicatures in the dialog

42、uesA: Can you answer the phoneI m in the bath.A: I have to leave now.It s raining hard outside.V . What type of illocutionary act do the following utterances involveI suggest that you see a dentist as soon as possible.I will pay you the money I owe you next time. Passengers are reminded that flight

43、No. 2284 leaves here at 7:00sharp.Shut up! Leave me alone! Im very sorry to hear that you ve just lost your pet dog.study of _ is Syntax.A textual organization B sentence structures C word formation D language functionsof the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human languageA arbitrariness B

44、productivity C cultural transmission D finiteness speech act theory was first put forward by_.A John Scarl B Johan Austin C Noam Chomsky D Hallidaystudy of how sounds are put together and used to convey meaning in condition is_.A morphology B general linguistics C phonology D semanticsof the followi

45、ng is NOT a compound wordA Landlady B Greenhouse C Uplift D Unacceptableword holiday originally meant holy day; but now the word signifies any whichwe don t have to work. This is an example ofA meaning shift B widening of meaning C narrowing of meaning D loss of meaningessentially distinguishes sema

46、ntics and pragmatics is the notion ofA. reference B. meaning C. antonymy D. contextwords kid, child, offspring “ are examples ofA. dialectal synonyms B. stylistic synonymsC. emotive synonyms D. collocational synonymsdistinction between parole and langue was made byA. Halliday B. Chomsky C. Bloomfiel

47、d D. Saussurerefers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules of wordformation. A. Phonology B. MorphologyC. Semantics D.Sociolinguistics distinctive features of a speech variety may be all the following EXCEPTA. lexical B. syntactic C. phonological D. psycholinguisticword tail o

48、nce referred to“the tail of a horse” , but now it is used to mean“the tail of any animal. This is an example ofA. widening of meaning B. narrowing of meaningC. meaning shift D. loss of meaningof the following is NOT a design feature of human languageA. Arbitrariness B. Displacement. C. Duality. D. D

49、iachronicity.type of sentence is Mark likes fiction, but Tim is interested in poetryA. A simple sentence. B. A coordinate sentence.C. A complex sentence. D. None of the above.phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is calledA. hyponymy. B. synonymy. C. polysemy. D. homonym

50、y.The study of the mental processes of language comprehension and productionisA. corpus linguistics. B. sociolinguistics.C. theoretical linguistics. D. psycholinguistics.special language variety that mixes languages and is used by speakers ofdifferent languages for purposes of trading is called()A.

51、dialect. B. idiolect. C. pidgin. D. register.a speaker expresses his intention of speaking, such as asking someone to open the window, he is performingA. an illocutionary act. B. a perlocutionary act.C. a locutionary act. D. none of the above.19.refers to the learning and development of a language.A

52、. Language acquisition B. Language comprehensionC. Language production D. Language instructionword “ Motel “ comes from “motor + hotel ” . This is an example of inmorphology. A. backformation B. conversion C. blending D. acronymis the tool of communication. The symbol“ Highway Closed “ on a highwayserves( ) A. an expressivefunction. B. an informative function.C. a performative function. D. a persuasive fu