高三英语译林(江苏专用)一轮复习课件：第2部分专题4名词性从句

1、专题四名词性从句名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）中连接词的运 用名词性从句中的连接词有从属连词that/whether/if,连接代词 what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever ,连接副词 where/when/why/how/wherever/whenevero1. that的用法。主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。；That they are good at English is known to us all.The problem is that we dont have

2、enough money.The report that there will be a severe storm in the northern area is false.（2）般情况下，宾语从句中的引导词that可省略，但在以下几种情况中血t 一般不省略：（A）当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入语时；（B）有多个that引 导的从句时，第一个that可以省略，而其他的that常不可省略；（C）介词except, but, besides, in 等后跟 that 引导的宾语从句时；（D）当 when, who, what, where, why, how等引导的从句与that引导的从

3、句作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时。；He judged that, because he was a child, he did not understand wine.The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.(4)同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。同位语从句中的连接词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分; 而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中作宾语或主语，与先行词有修饰关系。如 果句子是同位语从句

4、，就应用连接词that而不能用whicho同位语从句一般放在 表具体含义的名词后解释说明名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news, fact, suggestion, truth, plan, belief, doubt, possibility, idea等,而定语从句只是对 先行词的限定和修饰。They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.（同位语从句）。I I I I1,111The hope they expressed is that they would come to visit China ag

5、ain.（定语从句）2. whether和if的用法。(l)whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是在介词后一般用whether0 It all depends on whether they will come back.后面直接跟or not时用whetheroI didnt know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.主语从句、表语从句中只能用whetheroWhether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.The question is whether they h

6、ave so much money.whether可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if则不能。We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not.whether常与01连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词 不定式连用但if不能。I 111The question of whether they are male or female is not important.I have not decided whether to go or not.! (6)间接宾语位于句首

7、时或者间接宾语提前时用whether不用if。:Thank you, but whether Ill be free Pm not sure at the moment(7)whether可引导让步状语从句，表示“不管”、“无论”，而if不能。Whether he comes or not, we will begin our party on time.3疑问词+-ever和no matter+疑问词的区别。疑问词+-ever可引导名词性从句，在从句中要充当一定的成分。Whoever breaks the rule must be punishedYou can choose whateve

8、r you like in the shop.(2凝问词+-ever还可引导让步状语从句。；Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished.Whatever you do, you must do it well.(3)no matter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。No matter what you do, you must put your heart into it.No matter who comes late, he must be punished4. when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。when和where前面的名词

9、若是表示时间、地点的名词，则when利where引导的是定语从句，They put forward the question where they could get the money.（同位语从句） This is the place where the accident happened.（定语从句）主语从句的考查要点；1.主语从句在复合句中充当主语，大多数主语从句都可以用it作形式主语 而把主语从句置于句尾。；2. that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语，that不可省；what引导的主语 从句表示“ 的东西”时，一般不用it作形式主语；whatever, whoever, whic

10、hever 般也不用it作形式主语。1,111That she will succeed is certain.f It is certain that she will succeed.What he needs is more experience常见的it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句后置的句式主要有以下几种：1(+系动词+形容词(necessary, right, likely, unlikely, wrong, important, certain, clear, obvious, strange, normal 等)+that 从句It is certain that most

11、 of the farmers have brought in more money by all means.It+be+名词(短语)(a pity, a shame, good news, a fact, an honour, a wonder, no wonder 等)+that 从句Its no wonder that youve achieved so much success.It+be+过去分词(said, told, heard, reported, decided, suggested, advised, ordered, remembered, thought, consi

12、dered, well-known, announced 等)+that 从句;It is said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out the experiment.It+特殊动词(seem, appear, happen, matter)+that 从句It happened to me that I had been away when he called.注意：(1)在 Itis necessary/important/strange/natural.+that 从句结构中， 从句谓语常用“(should+)

13、动词原形”形式。1111(2)在 “It + be + suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required. + that 从句”结构中，that从句谓语应用“(should+)动词原形” 【即时训练1】用适当的连接词填空;t 71 What Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and h叩pinessIt is obvious that youve made a big mistake.It was never clear that the man hadn reported the

14、accident sooner.4 Why he did that wasnt quite clear.5. It is still under discussion whether or not the old bus station should bereplaced with a modern hotel.宾语从句的考查要点动词的宾语从句;大多数动词(hope, tell, say等)可以带宾语从句。1*We all expect that they will win, for members of their team are stronger.I dont think you are

15、 right.I dont suppose he cares, does he?动词 find, feel, think, consider, make, believe 等后有宾语补足语时，则需要it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。:;I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.有些动词带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加it。这类动词(短语)有 hate, enjoy, like, love, dislike, see to 等。I hate it when they talk with their mo

16、uths full.一般情况下介词后只能用wh-类连接词引导宾语从句。We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.；注意：(l)where引导的从句有时也可用作介词的宾语。*:We could see the temple quite clearly from where we lived.(2)fhat引导的从句作介词的宾语是很少有的，只有在except, in, but等介 词后偶尔可能用到。!*!Your composition is quite good except that the organizatio

17、n is a bit loosesure, certain, glad, pleased, happy, surprised 等表示“情感”的形容词 后也可带宾语从句。II I I IIIm sure that they will make it in spite of the terrible weather.【即时训练2】用适当的连接词填空1 The shocking news made me realize what tenible problems we would face. 2 Weve offered her the job, but I don!t know whether/i

18、f shell accept it.The villagers have already known what well do is to rebuild the bridge.5 Twenty students want to attend the class that is aimed at teaching4 His writing is so confusing that its difficult to make out what he is trying to express how theyshould read first.表语从句的考查要点主句的主语是 idea, advic

19、e, suggestion, order, request, requirement 等 名词时，表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气，即“(should+)动词原形”的形式。His suggestion is that we (should) change our course；2.主语为名词reason时，表语从句中的连接词要用that,而不用why或 becauseoThe reason for such a serious accident is that the driver was too careless and drank too much3. because, as if, as th

20、ough, as, like等连接词也可引导表语从句。He has heart disease.That is because he has been smoking too much【即时训练3】用适当的连接词填空； r1 I am afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is why he never finishes anything.2 Td like to start my own businessthats what Id do if I had the money.The reason why he didnt go to s

21、chool was that he fell ill.He came late.That was because he got up late.5 The question is whether we can reduce the cost of the product.同位语从句的考查要点1同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词的内容的从句。I I ;1.能接同位语从句的名词有:belief, fact, hope, idea, doubt, news, conclusion, suggestion, problem, order, answer, decision, explanation, i

22、nformation, thought 等。浚；同位语从句一般用that引导,但也可以用连接代词(what, which, who) 连接副词(when, where, why, how)或 whether 引导。I have no idea what has h叩pened to him.有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所说明的某个名词后，而是被别的词语隔开。The story goes that William Tell did kill the king with that sword.【即时训练4】；用适当的连接词填空;；1 There is clear evidence that the m

23、ost difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.2 When the news came that the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.3 I have no idea when they will be back and settle down.4 The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is a trend.5 The question why so man

24、y people would choose to live in the countryside but to work in the city is still under discussion.语法与写作根据提示翻译下面的句子;（aD i1. （2013-湖南高考书面表达）父亲建议我们进行爬山比赛。（使用宾语从句）My father suggested we climb the hill and have a match.2. （2013-福建高考书面表达）它显示了当今的一个普遍现象：孩子是家庭的 中心。（使用同位语从句）【导学号：36742161It shows acommon phen

25、omenon nowadays that childrenare the focus offamilies.3. （2013-湖南高考书面表达）我最在乎的是和你在一起的美好记忆。（使用 主语从句）!；!What I care mostis the wonderful memory of being together with you.；4. （2013重庆高考写作二）我的建议是你们应该资助一些项目让人们意识到 长江江豚（finless porpoise）的严重形势并去保护它们。（使用表语从句）丨My suggestion is that you should finance some prog

26、rammes to make people aware of the serious situation of the Unless porpoise and protect them.5. （2013-山东高考写作）没有人否认这样一个事实：在这个过程中我们能够 开阔视野。（使用同位语从句）；No one can deny the fact that we can have our vision broadened in the process感悟高考1. （2016江苏高考）It is often the caseanything is possible for thosewho hang

27、on to hope.A whyB. whatC. as【解析】D. that考查主语从句。句意：通常情况下，对于那些心存希望的人，一切皆有可能。分析句子结构可知，it作形式主语，血（引导的从句作真正的主语,故选D项。It is often the case that.可视为固定句式，意为通常情况下”。【答案】D2. （2016天津高考）The manager put forward a suggestionweshould have an assistant.There is too much work to do.A. whetherB. thatC. whichD. what;【解析】考

28、查同位语从句。句意：经理提了个建议我们应雇个助手。 要做的工作太多了。分析句子结构可知，空格后的同位语从句用来解释说明 suggestion的具体内容，从句中不缺成分且意义完整，故选B项that。 【答案】B3（2015-四川高考）The exhibition tells uswe should do something tostop air pollution.A. whereB whyC. whatD. which!【解析】本题考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：这次展览告诉我们为什么 我们该做些事情来阻止大气污染。此处的从句用来作动词tells的宾语，因此该 从句是宾语从句；这个展览告诉我们阻止

29、大气污染的“原因”，所以此处要用 why。【答案】B（2015-安徽高考）A ship in harbor is safe, but thafs notships are builtfor.A. whatB whomC. whyD when【解析】本题考查表语从句的引导词。句意：船停在港口是安全的，但那不是造船的本意。从ships are built for来看，表语从句的引导词作for的宾语 why和when是连接副词，不能作宾语，而whom指人，因此选what。 丨【笞案】Ahe（2014J匕京高考）The best moment for the football star wasscor

30、ed the winning goal.B. whenC. howA whereD. why【解析】本题考查表语从句引导词的选择。句意：对这位足球明星来说,最好的时刻就是他踢进制胜球的那一刻。设空处位于系动词was之后引导从句, 故判断此处引导表语从句。根据the best moment表示时间可知when正确 where 表示地点；how表示方式；why表示原因。【答案】B（2014-福建高考）Pick yourself 叩.Courage is doingyoufre afraid todo.A. thatB. whatC. howD. whether【解析】本题考查名词性从句引导词的选择

31、。句意：振作起来。勇敢就是做你（明知自己）害怕做的事情。分析句子结构可知，动词doing后接的是宾语 从句，从句中do后缺的是宾语，需用what引导。【答案】B（2014浙江高考）uEvery time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.v This is_my mother used to tell me.A. whatB. howC. thatD. whether【解析】本题考查名词性从句的引导词。句意:每次你吃甜点的时候,就喝点绿茶。”这是过去妈妈经常对我说的话。分析句子结构可知，空格后是 表语从句，此处需要填写的是表语从句的引导词。表语从句中，tell后

32、接双宾语, 故直接宾语用what替代。；【答案】A（2014-陕西咼考） the weather.A. WhyC. Thatthe delayed flight will take off depends much onB. WhenD What【导学号:36742162【解析】本题考查名词性从句连接词的选择。句意：那架延误的班机 会起飞在很大程度上取决于天气。分析题意和句子结构可知，这是一个含有主 语从句的主从复合句；再分析句子成分可知，主语从句the delayed flightwill take off缺少状语，不缺少主语或宾语，所以排除C、D两项。that引导主语 从句时，不充当句子成分。根据分析可知，此处要表达的是延误的飞机什么时 候起飞，由此排除A项，所以选择B项。【笞案】B（2014-重庆高考）一Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?Yeah, but I have no ideahe did it; thafs one of his favoriteuniversities.C. thatA whenB whyD. how【解析】本题考查同位语从句引导词的选择。句意：“昨天迈克拒绝了耶鲁