【高考专题辅导】广东省2014版高考英语 专题检测卷(十六) 阅读理解

1、 word专题检测卷(十六)阅读理解(建议用时: 25 分钟)A性格和行为体裁议论文话题词数369的成因(2013潍坊模拟)People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. Its noteasy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative andanother is competitive.Social scientists are, of

2、course, extremely interested in these types of question. They want to explainwhy we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet,but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the twoapproaches are very differen

3、t from each other, and there is a great deal of debatebetweenproponentsof each theory. The argument is often conveniently referred to as nature vs.nurture.Those who support the“natureside of the conflict believe that our personalities and behaviorpatterns are largely determined by biological and gen

4、etic factors. That our environment has little, ifanything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to anextreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined(注定)to such a great degree thatwe are almost completely governed by our instincts(本

5、能).Proponents of the“nurturetheory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that ourenvironment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act.Behaviorists see humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by theirsurroundings. Their vi

6、ew of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines,humans respond to environmental stimuli(something that helps sb. /sth. to develop better andmore quickly)as the basis of their behavior.The social and political connections of these two theories are significant. In the Uni

7、ted States, forexample, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligent test. This leadssome“natureproponents to conclude that blacks are genetically worse than whites. Behaviorists,in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed ofmany of

8、 the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as aresult, they do not develop the same responses that whites do.Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the keyto our behavior lies somewhere between these two

9、extremes. That the argument will continue for along time is certain.1. The author is mainly concerned about solving the problemA. why our personalities and behaviors differ.B. what makes different stages of intelligenceC. how social scientists form different theoriesD. what causes the“nature/nurture

10、argument2. The underlined word“proponentscan best be replaced by.- 1 - / 5 C. principles D. characters3. Which of the following statements may be supported by the“natureschool?A. We are born with certain personalities and behaviors.B. Environment has nothing to do with our personalities.C. Abilities

11、 and characteristics are showed by behaviors.D. Only extreme behaviors are determined by instincts.4. What can we learn about the behaviorists?5. The“naturetheorists believe that the blackslow scoresA. are the result of the educational disadvantagesB. are a display of the blackspoor intelligenceC. h

12、ave nothing to do with their true intelligenceD. have nothing to do with factors other than heredityB.体裁议论文话题291What you can do is give him a chance to join a group that may be shutting him out. Then, if he hasgood qualities, he can start to build a real friendship of his own.D. pretend to get hurt

13、very much- 2 - / 5 .A. Children dont care otherscomments on them.B. Its only teacherswork to make children popular.C. Parents should take their children out for picnics and shows more often.D. Inviting childrens friends to family activities is good for them to make friends.10. The text is mainly abo

14、ut.应用文话题职场“分手礼仪360Use it or lose it.Make an appointment.Be formal and make an appointment with your boss. Prepare what you want to say. Be direct andbe transparent. After the discussion, put your resignation in a hardcopy letter that includes your lastday and any transitional help youve offered. Kee

15、p a copy. Two weeks advance notice is stillstandard but experts recommend offering more time if youve worked at the company for morethan five years. You also need to be prepared to leave right away some companies require it.Scrub your digital footprint.- 3 - / 5 wordClear your browser cache, remove

16、passwords to Web sites you use from work, such as yourpersonal email or online bank account and delete any personal files on your work computer thatarent relevant to work. Dont delete anything work related if youre required to keep it.Stay close.Consider joining an employee alumni association, which

17、 often serves as a networking group forformer employees. It can be a good way to keep up with changes in the company and industry andfind leads to new jobs down the road. Keep in touch with coworkers you worked closely with; theymay end up in management roles.11. Whats the main idea of the passage?A

18、. How to hunt for a job.B. Some tips on how to resign on good terms.C. Some ways of making an appointment with your boss.D. How to keep in touch with your colleagues.12. What does the underlined sentence in the passage mean?A. You dont want to continue to work here.B. You dont want to be fined.C. Yo

19、u want to take a vacation.D. You want to leave room for necessity.13. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. You can resign without hesitation if you dont like your job.B. You should ignore your boss when presenting your resignation.C. Youd better keep in touch with your coworker

20、s after resignation.D. You must delete anything in the computer you once used when you resign.14. You should notice the companythan five years.in advance if you have worked in the company for moreA. more than two weeksB. less than two weeksC. only two weeksD. only one moment15. How many ways of resi

21、gning are mentioned in the passage?A. Three.B. Four.C. Five.D. Six.【拓展训练】阅读 C 篇, 写出文中出现的以下短语。1. 对有长期的影响2. 和约定3. 网上银行账户4. 跟上; 赶上5. 与保持联系答案解析_A【文章大意】本文主要讲了性格和行为的成因。1.【解析】选 A。主旨大意题。首段首句指出作者要讨论的问题, 第二段开始从两个方面解释该问题, 末段是总结段, 由此看来, 首段首句和末段首句提到的人类行为是本文的中心内容 ,因此答案为 A。- 4 - / 5 word2.【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据文章内容, 我们可以

22、判断 proponent 应指人, 指这两种理论的支持者, 只有 advocates“拥护者符合这种推测, 应当选 B。3.【解析】选 A。细节理解题。第三段首句的largely determined by biological and genetic factors和末句的 governed by our instincts都明确“天性论派会认同 A 项的看法, 应当选 A。4.【解析】选 C。细节理解题。此题实际上考查对第四段末句的正确理解。原文该句中的 likemachines, humans respond. . . 明确作者并非单纯把人类比作机器, 而是把人类对环境的反响与机械对环境

23、的反响做比照, 由此可见, C 为正确的理解。5.【解析】选 D。细节理解题。将 D 选项与第三段结合起来, 可以确定 D 为此题答案, 只有 D项才符合“天性论派对性格与行为形成的看法。B【文章大意】本文主要介绍了父母和教师怎样帮助一个不酷的孩子交到朋友。6.【解析】选 B。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知, 当一个孩子被告知他不酷的时候, 他可能会说他不在乎甚至会故意做出不酷的行为来。7.【解析】选 D。细节理解题。根据第三段第二句 The teacher can arrange things so that he haschances to use his abilities to contribute to class projects. 教师可以安排一些事情, 这样他有机会运用他的能力为班级做贡献。8.【解析】选 B。细节理解题。根据第四段第二句 Be friendly when your child brings others hometo play. 当孩子带其他同学回家玩的时候, 父母一定要友好。9.【解析】选 D。细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知家长邀请孩子的好友来聚会有助于孩子交友。10.【解析】选 A。主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了