【金版学案】2015届高考英语总复习 语法专题 第九讲 情态动词和虚拟语气精练精析 新人教版

1、 第九讲 情态动词和虚拟语气一、情态动词考点透析1can (could)，be able to。can 只有现在式 can 和过去式 could 两种形式， be able to 可用于现在式、过去式、将来时、完成时。要表示“能够做某事，可用 can 或 be able to，但假设要说过去确实运用了某种能力做成了某件事情，就只能用 was/were able to ，表将来具备的能力只能用will/shall be able to。(1)If you study hard，you will be able to express freely in English in three month

2、s.(2)The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to getout.2could 是 can 的过去式，但是在很多情况下，特别是在口语中，它表示语气的委婉。因此，用 could 提问时，不能用 could 回答，而要用 can 或 may。would，might 用于疑问句时也表委婉语气，回答时应该用 will，may。(1)Could I borrow your dictionary?Yes，of course you can.(2)Could I call you by the first

3、name?Yes，you may.(3)Would you be so kind as to explain the word?Yes，I will.What is it?3may/might，can/could 都可表示可能，但 may/might 不能用于问句，can/could 用于否认句、疑问句、感叹句，表示惊异、怀疑，一般不用于肯定句。如果用于肯定句，如此表示偶尔发生某事的可能，或某人某物一时的特点。(1)Are you coming to Jeffs party?Im not sure.I might go to the concert instead.(2)Where can M

4、r.Li be?Sorry，I dont know.You can go to ask Mr.Zhang.He may help you.(3)Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How can it be that he was late for the openingceremony?(4)We enjoy good weather in January，but sometimes it can be terribly cold.4must 表推测用于肯定句，其否认式要用 cant。对现在表示推测：must do；cant do对正在进展的动作表示推测：mu

5、st be doing；cant be doing对过去表示推测：must have done；cant/couldnt have done(1)There were already five people in the ca，r but they managed to take me aswell.It couldnt have been a comfortable journey.(2)Jack cant have arrived yet，otherwise he would have telephoned me.(3)Put on more clothes，you must be fee

6、ling cold with only a shirt on.(4)I didnt hear the phone.I must have been asleep.5情态动词完成式的意义。can/could have done过去可能做过，过去本来可以做某事但没有做must have done 过去一定做过may have done 可能已经做过，本来可以做但没做1 / 5 might have done 过去可能做过，过去本来可以做但没做cant/couldnt have done 过去不可能做过某事should (not)have done过去本该(不该)做，但却没做(做了)neednt h

7、ave done 过去本来没必要做，但却做了(5)I would rather not have blamed him because he was a child after all.6关于 should 的主要用法。2 / 5 5We _ (not) have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with usfor dinner.6One of our rules is that every student_wear school uniform while atschool.7Im going to Europe on vacation

8、 together with John if I _ find the money.8You have to believe in yourself.No one else will, if you dont.I _ (not) agree more.Confidence is really important.9The new law states that people _(not) drive after drinking alcohol.10Its quite warm here; we _(not) turn the heating on yet.11No one _ be comp

9、ared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.Oh, you are really his big fan.12The police still havent found the lost child, but theyre doing all they_.13It _ (not) be the postman at the door.Its only six oclock.14Hows your new babysitter?We _ (not) ask for a better one.All our kids love her so much.15I

10、dont really like James.Why did you invite him?Dont worry.He _ not come.He said he wasnt certain what his plans were.16If you _ smoke, please go outside.17If you _ go, at least wait until the storm is over.18Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?I am afraid you _， in case he come

11、s late for the meeting.19I _ (not) worry about my weekend.I always have my plans ready beforeit comes.20Will you read me a story, Mummy?OK.You_ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.1neednt 2.cant 3.Must 4.might 5.neednt 6.shall7can 8.couldnt 9.mustnt 10.neednt 11.can 12.can13cant 14.couldnt

12、 15.might 16.must 17.must18must 19.neednt 20.shall二、虚拟语气考点透析1虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法。时间与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实可能相反did/should do/were todo例如：(1)If she were here，everything would be all right.(But she isnt here now.)(2)If you had come five minutes earlier，you would have met the famous pop singer.(3)If it were to

13、rain tomorrow，the outing would be cancelled.(4)If you should visit our school tomorro，w you would see how beautiful it is.2wish宾语从句 (宾语从句中的动词变化如下表)。时间动词形式例句I wish I were ten yearsyounger.与现在事实相反的愿望did(be 改为 were)3 / 5 He wishes he had gone to theconcert last night.与过去事实相反的愿望将来难以实现的愿望had过去分词3.在非真实条件状

14、语从句中，如果含有 were，had，should，可将 if 省去， 将 were，had，should 放在主语前，构成倒装。例如：4 / 5 I wish they _ always late.1had 2.would have visited 3.had been 4.might have had5did 6.could have faced 7.were 8.hadnt offered9couldnt have gone 10.werent.请根据以下要点，写一篇有关珍惜水的短文写作内容：1众所周知，水在人类生活中起着非常重要的作用；2如果没有水，我们人类就会灭绝；3如果以前我们爱惜水，现在就不会缺水了；4要是水是无穷无尽的就好了，我们就可以充分利用它；5由于水是有限的，现在是我们做点事来保护水资源的时候了。写作要求：1只能用 5 个句子表达全部内容；2尽可能多地使用虚拟语气。_As is known to all, water plays an important role in our life. W