【课件】定语从句 课件-2023届高三英语一轮复习

1、定语从句the Attributive Clause高考句法目录010203What is the Attribute Clauserelated concept How to solve problems Content01What is the Attribute Clause定语从句I like the students who study hard.定语从句，是指能够起定语作用的从句。02related concept 1.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词，是一个名词2.关系词：引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词3.分 类：限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句I like the stud

2、ents who study hard.考点精析(1)限制性定语从句限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、区分的作用，并与先行词有着不可分割的关系，这种从句不能省略，否则主句的意思就不完整、不明确。翻译时一般作前置定语来译，意为“的”。Paper cuts of animls have been found in tombs which date back to the time of the Northern and Southern Dynasty.早在南北朝时期的墓中就已经发现了动物剪纸。考点精析(2)非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明或描绘作用，如果省略不会影响主句的意思，主句

3、也能独立存在，它与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。翻译时一般将主句和从句译成并列形式。I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, which my classmates recommended to me.上个星期我从图书馆借了夏洛克福尔摩斯这本书，这是我的同学推荐给我的。关系代词that 人或物 主语或宾语 which 物 主语或宾语who 人 主语或宾语whom 人 宾语whose 人的或物的 定语（验证方法）as 正如 主语、宾语、表语关系副词where 地点why 原因when 时间状语关系词选关系词看先行词在定从

4、中成分主语、宾语 关系代词状语 关系副词1、引导词在从句中作宾语时可省略2、当定语从句有多个that时，第一个that可以省略3、难题的解法：先行词代入法一、只用that不用which(1)先行词为不定代词anything、nothing、something、everything、 all、 some、much、 none、 little、 few、 no、the one等时。I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone elses fault.我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。一、只用that不用which(2)

5、先行词是序数词，或先行词前有序数词修饰时。The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.(3)先行词是形容词最高级，或先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时。This is the best way that I can solve the problem.(4)先行词被the only、the very(就是)、the last、the same、any、every、each、few、little、no、some、all、one of all、just等修饰时。The only part of the meal

6、that I really liked was the dessert.一、只用that不用which(5)先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。They will never forget the things and persons that theyve seen or heard of during their long journey.(6)被修饰的词为数词时。He brought two cats yesterday. Now you can see the two that are playing in the garden.一、只用that不用which(7)若主句中有疑问代词

7、 who 或者 which，为了避免重复, 关系代词不要用 who, which而用that。Which was the hotel that was recommended to you? (8)主句是There be结构修饰其主语的定语从句用that作关系代词。Theres still a seat in the corner that is still free.二、只用which不用that(1)介词前置且指物时My glasses,without which I was like a blind man,fell to the ground and broke.(2)非限制性定语从句

8、修饰某物或整个句子时The machine ,which I have looked after for many years , is still working perfectly.She failed the exam, which made her parents vary angry.(3)当主句中的主语被that修饰时。ThatdogwhichIfoundinthestreetbelongstoMary.三、难用的 whose（人的、物的）1.验证方法2.The house whose window is broken is big.3.whose+名词 =the +n + of

9、which/whom =of which/whom + the + n.The house the window of which is broken is big.The house of which the window is broken is big.三、难用的 whose（人的、物的）The girl whose hair is goden is from England.四、介词+关系代词=关系副词介词的选用原则： （1）固定搭配（从句动词、先行词） （2）句意关系代词选用原则：（1)指物which （2）指人whomThere are occasions _ one must y

10、ield.Beijing is the place _ I was born.Is this the reason _ he refused our offer?This is the camera _ I spent 6 yuan. This is the camera _ I paid 6 yuan. I remember the day _ I came to my tower of ivory. I remember the days _ I visited Paris. Ps.并不是每个介词+关系代词都能找到对应的关系副词when(on which)where(in which)wh

11、y(for which)on which (spend money on sth.固定搭配） for which (pay money for sth. 固定搭配）on which (强调具体某一天）duing which （强调在这期间）四、介词+关系代词=关系副词关系代词前介词的选择(1)根据介词和定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands?(2)根据介词与前面先行词的习惯搭配。Well never forget the day on which we climbed up the Great Wall.(3)根

12、据介词与定语从句中形容词的习惯搭配。He shows me some old coins with which I am not very familiar.(4)根据句子所要表达的意思。We had supper at six oclock, after which I went to see my uncle.(5)在非限制性定从中表“所有关系”或“整体中的一部分”时用介词ofHe wrote about 20 novels, of which this is the most successful.四、介词+关系代词=关系副词Do you still remember the day w

13、hen (on which)we went to the beach?We cant find the house where (in which) we used to live.The reason why (for which) he refused to go to the party was that they had not invited him to.特别提醒含有固定搭配的动词短语，由于其关系紧密，不宜拆分，所以不能将介词置于关系代词之前。这类常见的动词短语有：look after, take care of, listen to, look at, look into, ru

14、n across, look forward to, break into等。五、as引导的定语从句1.引导限定性定语从句：当先行词前有such、the same 、so、as时用作关系代词（作主、宾、状）I saw the same dress in the store as she wore the day before.He is not such a fool as he looks.2.引导非限定性定语从句：可放在句首意为：“正如” 、“好像”（作主、宾、表）As is known to all, the moon travels around the earth.He studie

15、s very hard, as we know.常见插入语：as is expected/reported /mentioned above 、 as we all see/know，as is known to all、 as is often the case(情况常常是这样）五、as引导的定语从句【学以致用】The math problem is so hard that nobody can solve it.The math problem is so hard as nobody can solve.FZ is such a wonderful place that many pe

16、ople want to pay a visit. FZ is such a wonderful place as many people want to pay a visit to. 【特别提醒】有so,as,such,the same 时，缺宾语时用as, 不缺宾语时用that六、Where的特殊用法当先行词是case, condition, situation, position, point, stage, degree，meeting,platfrom,activity,job,atmosphere,occasion等词，表示抽象地点时用whereHe had to face th

17、e condition where pressure was heavy.七、the way 的特殊考法(1)当先行词是the way时，way在从句中作状语时，则从句引导词用in which/that/不填(2)如果the way作先行词，定语从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语，则引导词用which/that/不填I dont like the way in which/that/不填 he speaks to me.He has given you the way which/that/不填 is best to solve the problem.The way which/that/不填 he

18、 explained to us was quite simple. The way in which/that/不填 he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 八、one of+复数名词主谓一致问题One of+复数名词，作先行词时，从句谓语动词用复数当One of前面有the only 、the very等修饰时，从句谓语动词用单数He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.(句中one为先行词)

19、He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.(句中students为先行词)九、as和whichas 与which引导非限制性定语从句都能指代整句内容，翻译成“这一点、这件事”但是只有as可以位于句首The earth is round, which/as is known to all.As is known to all, the earth is round.十、先行词是time的情况It/This/That is (was) the first time that has/had done句型中time

20、表“次数”，关系代词 that 引导定语从句，that 可省略。1. Its the first time _ I have been to Beijing.2. There was a time _ I often went to the park.thatwhen03How to solve problems划分主从句找准先行词从句缺什么成分选择关系词方法解读I saw some trees, and the leaves of them were black with disease.I saw some trees, the leaves of which were black wit

21、h disease.The professor is a little man, on the nose of whom there is a pair of glasses.The professor is a little man, and on the nose of him there is a pair of glasses.方法解读I was born in New York, _ is the biggest city of America.The number of times “upcycling” has been looked up on the Cambridge Di

22、ctionary website has risen by 181% since December of 2011, _ it was first added to the online dictionary.缺主语which缺时间状语when物非限制演练提升1.On the last day we have the Lantern Festival, _ we go out at night carrying paper lanterns.2.To help improve students reading and writing skills, we will organize the E

23、nglish composition contest，_ theme is “Colorful Campus Life”3.There are two muscles _ work together to widen and open a dogs eyes, causing them to appear bigger, and objectively cuter. when whose that/which 演练提升4.Another said, “Have we collectively lost our minds？_ any environmentalist will tell you

24、, this is completely crazy.”5.Thats one reason _ when babies are born, they are now usually placed on their mothers skin.6.In the past few years, more than half of the bookstores in China have closed down，_ is the result of the competition with online bookstores. As why which 演练提升7.This was returned

25、 because the person to _ this letter was addressed had died three years ago.8.Our office wasnt far from Chinatown，_ I found some very good Chinese restaurants.9.As more and more people own private cars, parking has become a big headache for many car owners, especially for those _ live in downtown ar

26、eas without enough parking spaces.10.He decided to go to Stanford because there were many opportunities for people _ wanted to work in Silicon Valley. whom where who who/that 演练提升11.I recognized the boss in whose company my sister was working. 12.Do you know the boy your mother is talking? 13. I sti

27、ll remember the day I first got to Paris. 14. He gave me some novels I am not very familiar.to whomon which with which 1.Ill never forget the days_ we worked together. 2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together. 3.I went to the place _ I worked ten years ago. 4.I went to the place _ I visited t

28、en years ago. 5.This is the reason _ he was late. 6.This is the reason _ he gave. whenwhich/thatwherewhich/thatwhythat/whichvt.vt.vt.如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词关注定语从句中的谓语动词vi.Are these two sentences right?The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toin演练提升1(2015新课标全国卷语

29、法填空)Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.2(2015广东高考语法填空)When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market _people from

30、the towns met regularly.3(2014新课标全国卷语法填空)Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit _ is driving your family crazy.4(2013广东高考语法填空)Nicks guests, _ had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could.5(2015江苏高考改编)The number of smokers,

31、_is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.6(2015四川高考改编)The books on the desk, _covers are shiny, are prizes for us.7(2015陕西高考改编)As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time _ he should be able to be independent.8(2015重庆高考改编)He wrote many childrens books, ne

32、arly half of _were published in the 1990s.that/whichwherewhich/thatwhoaswhosewhenwhich演练提升9.Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _ I met in the English speech contest last year.10.I have many friends to _ Im going to send post cards.11.The school shop, _ customers are ma

33、inly students, is closed for the holidays.12.She showed the visitors around the museum _ had been constructed three years before.13.I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault.14.The first place _ they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.15.The boy was away from home for a week, _ worried his parents very much.16.We live in an age _ more information is available with greater ease t