大学英语教案 Unit20

1、Unit 10 Section AI. Background KnowledgeRobert Schuller a Christian minister known worldwide for his church, the Crystal Cathedral made of glass and steel, and the Hour of Power church service which has been on television every week for over 30 years.CNN CNN is also called Cable News Network, which

2、is a subsidiary company of Turner Broadcasting Systems. It was created by Ted Turner in 1980 to present 24-hour live new broadcasts, using satellites to transmit reports from news bureaus around the world. CNN became prominent in 1991 with its coverage of the Persian Gulf War. The company also opera

3、tes the newa channels Headline News and CNN International.HamletHamlet, the Prince of Denmark, is probably the best known of William Shakespeares works, and may well be the most famous English-language play ever written. Categorized as one of Shakespeares “later tragedies”, Hamlet and its namesake h

4、ero display fully the mature Bards extraordinary talents. But while Hamlet has been the subject of admiring critical commentary since Elizabethan times, it has also developed a reputation as a different work to analyze.The character of Hamlet is one of the most compelling characters ever rising from

5、 the pages of English literature. As Shakespeares play opens, Hamlet is mourning his father, who has been killed, and lamenting the behavior of his mother, Gertrude, who marries his uncle Claudius within a month of his fathers death.Prince Hamlet devotes himself to avenging his fathers death, but, b

6、ecause he is contemplative and thoughtful by nature, he delays, entering into a deep melancholy and even apparent madness.II. Text AnalysisMain idea of the text: The author puts forward, as a good test for honesty, the “Integrity Triangle”: first, standing firmly for your convictions when confronted

7、 with pressure; second, always giving other people the praise they merit; third, being honest and open about who you are.Devices for developing it:1. Listing(列举法)General statement: A good test for this value is to apply what I call the “Integrity Triangle”, which consists of three key principles. (P

8、ara. 3)Specific statements:1) Stand firmly for your convictions when confronted with personal pressure. (Para. 4)2) Always give others credit that is rightfully theirs. (Para. 9)3) Be honest and open about who you really are. (Para. 12)2. Exemplification ( 例证法）The author of this passage argues for t

9、he “Integrity Triangle” with three principles. Two of the principles are respectively supported by an example.The principle:Always give others credit that is rightfully theirs. Dont be afraid of those who might have a better idea or who might even be more intelligent than you are.（Para. 9） An exampl

10、e to support the principle:David Ogilvy, founder of the advertising firm Ogilvy & Mather, clarified this point to his newly appointed office heads by sending each of them a Russian nesting doll with five progressively smaller figures inside. His message was contained in the smallest doll: “If each o

11、f us hires people who are smaller than we are, we shall become a company of dwarfs. But if each of us hires people who are bigger than we are, Ogilvy & Mather will become a company of giants.” And that is precisely what O&M became - one of the largest and most respected advertising organizations in

12、the world. Now have a look at Para.4 - 7 and fill out the charts below to see how this segment is organized.The principle:Stand firmly for your convictions when confronted with personal pressure. An example to support the principle:Theres a story told about a surgical nurses assistance during her fi

13、rst day on the medical team at a well-known hospital. She was responsible for ensuring that all surgical instruments and materials were accounted for during an operation. The nurse said to the surgeon, “Youve only removed 11 sponges, and we used 12. We need to find the last one.” “I removed them all

14、,” the surgeon assured her. “Well close now.” “You cant do that, sir,” protested the nurse. “Think of the patient.” Smiling, the surgeon lifted his foot and showed the nurse the twelfth sponge. “Youll do just fine in this or any other hospital,” he assured her.Structure:Part I (para.1-2)Idea: Honest

15、y or integrity involves having a personal standard of morality and boundaries that does not sell out to convenience and that is not relative to the situation at hand.Devices for developing it: Citation (引证法)The author cites his grandparents case as an introduction to his main idea of the “Integrity

16、Triangle”.My grandparents believed that you were either honest or you were not. There was no middle point. They had a simple saying hanging on their living-room wall: “Life is like a field of newly fallen snow. Where I choose to walk every step will show.” They didnt have to talk about it; they demo

17、nstrated this truth by their life style.(Para. 1)Part II (Para.3-13)Idea: The author argues for the “Integrity Triangle” with three principles: stand firmly for your convictions under whatever pressure; give others credit they deserve; and be honest about yourself.Devices for developing it: Deductio

18、n ( 演绎法）（Para. 12-13）Deduction ( 演绎法）Specific argumentations:People who lack genuine core values rely on external factors their looks or status in order to feel good about themselves. Inevitably they will do everything they can to preserve this false mask, but they will do very little to enhance the

19、ir inner value and personal growth.So be yourself. Dont engage in a personal cover-up of areas that are unpleasing in your life. “Tough times never last but tough people do,” as Robert Schuller says. In other words, face reality and be mature in your responses to lifes challenges.Part III ( Para.14)

20、Idea: My experiences with the online course helped me reap the benefits of hard work.Devices for developing it: Induction (归纳法) Paragraph 14Self-respect and a clear conscience are powerful components of integrity and are the basis for enriching your relationships with others. Integrity means you do

21、what you do because it is right and not just fashionable or politically correct. A life of principle, of not yielding to the tempting attractions of an easy morality, will always win the day. It will take you forward into the twenty-first century without having to check your tracks in a rear-view mi

22、rror. My grandparents taught me thatIII. Language pointsI New Wordsdemonstrate vt. 1) show clearly 演示，证明You have to demonstrate how to operate the computer. 你得演示一下如何使用这台计算机vi. 2) take part in a march or meeting to protest or to make demands 参加游行；示威Some 30,000 angry farmers are demonstrating in the c

23、entral square.大约三万愤怒的农民在中央广场举行示威。morality n. 1. moral values; right or wrong 道德Its not a question of morality but a question of conscience. 不是道德问题，而是良心问题。2.quality; goodness 德行Ones morality often reflects his conscience.人的品行常常与良心连在一起。boundary n. 1. (figuratively) limit界限；局限the boundaries of human th

24、ought人类思想的界限the boundaries of ones knowledge 人的知识的界限 2. dividing line 边界The river forms the boundary between the two states.这条河是两国的边界。convenience n. 1. comfort 舒适；便利The new house has every modern convenience. 这新房子具有种种现代化的便利设施。2. usefulness 方便Shopping bags are provided for the customers convenience.

25、提供购物袋以方便顾客。inner a. 1. unexpressed; secret 内心的The secret was locked in the inner depths of his mind. 这秘密埋藏在他的内心深处。2. inside 内在的；内部的A closet is usually an inner room.壁橱通常是一个墙内的房间。A group of children were lost in the inner part of the forest. 一群孩子在森林深处迷失了方向。apply v. 1. give or have an effect; use for

26、a purpose（使）产生作用, 适用于; 运用The rules of safe driving apply to everyone. 安全驾驶的规则适用于每一个人。He knows the rule but does not know how to apply it to his work. 他知道这条规则，但不知道如何将它运用到工作中去。2. request officially 申请She is applying for a job as secretary. 她正申请做秘书工作。3. cause to work hard; devote 致力于The reason for his

27、failure in the exam is that he didnt apply himself to his study. 他考试不及格的原因是学习不用功。consist vi. (of) be made up of由 组成The textbook consists of ten units. 这本教科书由10个单元组成.ensure vt. 1. make sure or certain 确保Come early to ensure getting a good seat. 早些来，以确保有个好座位。The novel ensured his name as a great write

28、r. 这部小说使他获得了大作家的美誉。2. make sure of getting; secure 担保A letter of introduction will ensure you an interview. 一封介绍信可以使你得到面试的机会。This medicine will ensure you a good nights sleep. 这药可保你睡个好觉assure vt. 1. tell positively or confidently 郑重告知I assure you that this medicine cannot harm you. 我郑重告诉你，这药对你无害。2.

29、make (oneself) sure or certain; convince 使确信Before going to bed she assured herself that the door was locked. 睡觉前，她确保自己已把门锁上了。protest v. 1. make complaint, object 反对；抗议They protested about the bad food at the hotel. 他们抗议旅馆里的食物质量太差。There was a large crowd in the square, protesting against the war. 广场

30、上聚集了一大群人，他们是在抗议那场战争。 2. declare seriously 宣称We urged her to come to the party with us, but she protested that she was too tired. 我们力劝她和我们一道去参加晚会，但她说自己累了。n. 1. a statement that declines or objects 抗议If everyone refused to buy meat in protest, the shops would have to bring their meat prices down.如果大家都

31、拒绝购买肉类以示抗议，商店就得将肉类价格降下来。 2. a serious statement 宣称The charged man was judged guilty despite his protest of not being at fault. 尽管那个被指控的男子宣称自己无辜，他还是被判有罪。concede v. 1. yield 让与He conceded us the right to walk through his land. 他向我们做出了让步，同意我们在他的地盘上通过。2. admit as true, often unwillingly承认The government

32、conceded defeat as soon as the election results were known. 选举结果一公布，政府就承认失败了。Im willing to concede that a larger car would have cost more, but I still think we should have bought one. 我承认大轿车花费高，但我仍认为我们该买一辆。clarify vt. make clear; explain 弄清楚；解释Thank you for writing and allowing me to clarify the pre

33、sent position. 感谢你给我写信并让我解释目前的处境。appoint vt. choose (someone) for a job, etc. 任命They appointed him as chairman. 他们任命他为主席。They appointed him (to be) chairman. 他们任命他为主席。progressive a. 1. moving forward continuously or by stages 连续的；一步一步的We see the progressive development of the city with our own eyes.

34、我们亲眼看到这座城市在一步步地发展。 2. improving or changing according to new ideas 进步的；先进的This is a progressive firm that uses the most modern methods of operation in its business. 这家公司很先进，采用了最为现代的经营方法。progressively ad. in a way of going from one to the next; step by step in sequence; bit by bit逐步；逐渐Her homework be

35、came progressively worse. 她的家庭作业一次比一次差。The amount of the loan from the bank was progressively reduced. 银行的贷款一次比一次少。external a. 1. (figurative) easily seen but not essential; on the surface 外在的；表面的Judged by his external appearances he was a quiet man, but he had a violent temper. 从外表看，他是个文静的人，但实际上他脾气

36、很暴躁。2. outside 外部的；外面的an external wound 外伤The medicine is for external use, not to drink. 这药是外用的，不可内服。inevitable a. which cannot be prevented from happening不可避免的An angry exchange was inevitable because they hated each other so much. 他们很不喜欢对方，因此争吵不可避免。preserve vt. 1. keep; protect保存；保护We need to pres

37、erve the forest. 我们需要保护这片森林。I hope that fate may preserve you from all harm. 我祈祷命运保佑你平安。2. store 储存preserved eggs 皮蛋 preserved fruit果脯mask n. a covering for the face, to hide or protect it 面具；面罩Each motorcycle driver has to wear a mask. 每个摩托车驾驶员都得戴面罩。 Vt. 1. put a mask over 戴面具The bank robbers maske

38、d their faces. 银行抢劫犯戴了面具。2. hide 掩盖She tried to mask her feelings. 她试图掩盖自己的感情。A thick cloud masked the sun. 厚厚的云层遮住了太阳。tough a. 1. hard; difficult 很难的These days are very tough. 这些日子很苦。The tough problem is how to raise the money needed. 难题是如何筹集所需要的钱款。 2. strong 结实的；有力的He is very tough and can carry t

39、his huge rock easily.他力气很大，能轻易地抓起这块大石头。enrich vt. 1. improve 改善；改进It is important to enrich the soil before planting. 种植前先改良土壤是很重要的。2. make rich or richer 丰富An education enriches your mind. 教育可以丰富你的思想。TV enriches life in some ways. 电视在某些方面丰富了生活。yield v. 1. give up; quit 屈服；放弃He yields to temptation

40、easily. 他很容易受诱惑。2. produce 出产；生长于This research has been in progress since 1978 and has yielded many positive results. 这项研究自1978年以来一直在进行，并已取得了许多实际成果。This piece of land yielded a crop worth $500,000 last year. 这块地去年长出的庄稼值50万美元。II Expressionseitheror, no middle pointto sell out to convenienceto be in s

41、hort supplythe bottom line to consist of three key principlesto stand firmly for the convictionsto be on the medical team to account for the surgical instruments to think of the patient to give others credit that is rightfully theirs to clarify the point to feel good about oneself to engage in a per

42、sonal cover-up of areasto yield to the tempting attractions to win the daywithout having to check your tracks in a rear-view mirror1. eitheror, no middle point 1.要么要么.没有折中办法(L. 1)We had to either fight to the end or wait for our death. There was no middle point.我们要么战斗到底，要么坐以待毙，没有折中的办法。2. to sell out

43、 to convenience为贪图舒适而背叛立场 (L. 6)We hate those whose principles sell out to a variety of attractions.我们憎恨那些经不起各种诱惑而出卖原则的人。3. to be in short supply供应不足 (L. 8)Qualified English teachers are in short supply in the broad areas of the countryside.目前广大的农村地区缺乏合格的英语老师。4. the bottom line关键所在 (L. 9)The bottom

44、line of overcoming the spread of this infectious disease is to find out both its cause and its vehicle as soon as possible.抑制这种传染性疾病蔓延的关键是尽快找到病因及传染媒介。 5. to consist of three key principles由三个重要原则构成 (L. 10)In the case of English learning, the Holy Bible is a good reference book, which consists of two

45、 parts: the Old Testament and the New Testament.就英语学习而言，圣经是一本很好的参考书，它由旧约和新约两部分构成的。6. to stand firmly for the convictions坚定信念; 坚持主张 (L. 12)In the world of art and literature, we stand strongly for the practice of letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend.在文艺界，我们坚决主张百花

46、齐放，百家争鸣。7. to be on the medical team加入医疗队 (L. 13) We are proud of those who were on the special medical team fighting against SARS. 我们为那些曾经是抗击“非典”特别医疗队的队员而骄傲。8. to account for the surgical instruments如数清点手术器械 (L. 15)This policeman is now accounting for these collected hunting rifles, which were used

47、 by some illegal hunters for capturing and killing wild animals.这位民警正在清点收缴的猎枪，这些枪支是不法分子用来捕杀野生动物的工具。9. to think of the patient为病人想一想 (L. 21) Think of those animals that are on the edge of extinction. We are duty-bound to protect them.想想那些濒临灭绝的动物吧，保护它们是我们义不容辞的责任。10. to give others credit that is right

48、fully theirs表扬那些值得表扬的人 (L. 26)The boss art of running his business is to lose no time in giving his employees credit for their wonderful work.这位老板的生意经就是不失时机地表扬那些工作出色的雇员。11. to clarify the point阐明观点 (L. 28)In order to clarify the point of serving the people heart and soul, she told her son many stori

49、es about Lei Feng.为了阐明全心全意为人民服务这一观点，她向儿子讲述了许多雷锋的故事。12. to feel good about oneself自我感觉良好 (L. 37)He felt extremely good about himself when he finally got his long-desired birthday present.当终于得到了自己期盼已久的生日礼物时，他感觉好极啦。13. to engage in a personal cover-up of areas (L. 40) 设法掩饰个人的某些方面In order to keep fit, h

50、e engages himself in active sports every day. 为了保持身体健康，他每天参加体育锻炼。14. to yield to the tempting attractions (L. 46) 向种种诱惑低头The weak-willed tend to yield to various attractions and threats.意志薄弱的人会屈从于形形色色的诱惑和威胁。15. to win the day (L. 46) 获得成功To win the day in the highly competitive society is easier sai

51、d than done. But she has made it. 在竞争激烈的社会里获得成功说起来容易做起来难，但是她已经做到了。16. without having to check your tracks in a rear-view mirror (L. 47) 不必为自己过去的所作所为而抱憾We can enjoy different sights of the world through reading, without having to suffer from the extreme cold or heat there.我们可以通过阅读去领略世界各地的风光，而不必忍受当地的严

52、寒或酷暑VI.WritingShould We Leave Some Room for Sth. Undesirable?(批驳分析)写作模式（批驳分析）1) Doing sth. / Sth. is so popular in our society that many people regard it as a natural thing we have to live with.(错误观点) 2) Underlying their view is the ground that (理由I) 3) Furthermore, they argue that (理由II) 4) A deepe

53、r insight into the problem, however, can find that (批驳分析I) 5）If allowed to run its course, it would (进一步阐述) 6）On the other hand, (批驳分析II) 7) It must be kept in mind that (进一步阐述) 8) Thus, no room is to be left for (doing) sth. in our society.（划线部分可替换）Reference model:Should We Leave Some Roomfor Cheat

54、ing on Exams in Our Society?1) Nowadays, cheating in exams is so popular on campus that many people regard it as a natural thing we have to live with. 2) Underlying their view is the ground that any struggle against it will give rise to more sophisticated methods of cheating, like burning the grass

55、that comes back to life in spring winds. 3) Furthermore, they argue that the cheaters success in the college entrance examinations did not come by easily and they will forever lose the chance of further education if they are expelled from school. 4) A deeper insight into the problem, however, can fi

56、nd that those keen on this have formed a raging current, which is eating away at the foundations of our values and moralities in education. 5) If allowed to run its course, this current, with more and more students getting involved in it, would become stronger and stronger until there would be littl

57、e that we can do about it. 6) On the other hand, a severe punishment for cheating on exams can bring both honesty and fair competition back into our campus life. 7) It must be kept in mind that the purpose of our education is not to preserve every students false mask but to build up their self-confi

58、dence for the sake of future competition. 8) Thus, no room is to be left for cheating on exams in our society.V. Reading SkillsUnderstanding Idiomatic ExpressionsIts time for more practice of a skill you learned in Unit Sixguessing the meaning of idiomatic expressions. Remember that in the case of i

59、diomatic expressions, word formation clues can be misleading, but that context cluesexamples, explanations, contrasts or parallel phrasescan help you figure out the meanings. “Understanding Idiomatic Expressions” was introduced in unit 6 and this time we have more practice of these expressions. As h

60、as been stated in Unit 6, the meaning of idiomatic expressions can be very difficulteven impossibleto guess. And it is very important for us to understand the meaning of the overall reading passage. Now here are more examples picked up from Reading Passage A, Unit 10.Example 1 My grandparents believ