2022职称英语考试理工类B级考试真题及答案解析

1、职称英语考试理工类（B级）考试真题预测及答案解析第1部分：词汇选项(第115题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分拟定1个意义最为接近旳选项。 1Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment Aanger Bdoubt Clove Dsurprise 2The document was compiled by the Department of Health Awritten Bprinted Cattached Dsent 3Hes spent years cultivating a kno

2、wledge of art Asharing Busing Cdenying Ddeveloping 4Weve seen a marked shift in our approach to the social issues Aclear Bregular Cquick Dgreat 5.Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners Apolite Bsimilar Cusual Dbad 6.I want to provide my boys with a decent education Agood Bspecial Cprivate

3、Dgeneral 7In the process，the light energy converts to heat energy Achanges Breduces Cleaves Ddrops 8Many cities have restricted smoking in public places Alimited Ballowed Cstopped Dkept 9 What are my chances of promotion if I stay here? Aretirement Badvertisement Cadvancement Dreplacement 10If we le

4、ave now，we should miss the traffic Adirect Bstop Cmix Davoid 11There was a profound silence after his remark Aproud Bshort Csudden Ddeep 12I enjoyed the play it had a clever plot and funny dialogues Along Bboring Coriginal Dhumorous 13The thief was finally captured two miles away from the village Ac

5、aught Bkilled Cfound Djailed 14Such a database would be extremely costly to set up Atransfer Bdestroy Cestablish Dupdate 15The two banks have announced plans to merge next year Acombine Bsell Cclose Dbreak 第2部分：阅读判断(第1622题，每题1分，共7分) 下面旳短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文旳内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供旳是对旳信息，请选择A；如果该句提供旳是错误信息，请选择B

6、；如果该句旳信息文中没有提及，请选择C。 A Great Quake Coming? Everyone who lives in San Francisco knows that earthquakes are common in the bay area and they can be devastatingIn 1906，for example，a major quake destroyed about 28，000 buildings and killed hundreds，perhaps thousands of peopleResidents now wonder when the

7、nextBig Onewill strikeIts bound to happen somedayAt least seven active fault(断层)lines run through the San Francisco areaFaults are places where pieces of Earths crust(地壳)slide past each otherWhen these pieces slip，the ground shakes To prepare for that day, scientists are using new techniques to rean

8、alyze the 1906 earthquake and predict how bad the damage might be when the next one happens One new finding about the 1906 earthquake is that the San Andreas fault split apart faster than scientists had assumed at the timeDuring small earthquakes，faults rupture(断裂)at about 2.7 kilometers per secondD

9、uring bigger quakes，however，ruptures can happen at rates faster than 3.5 kilometers per second At such high speedsmassive amounts of pressure build up，generating underground waves that can cause more damage than the quake itselfLucky for San Francisco，these pressure pulses(脉冲)travel away from the ci

10、ty during the 1906 eventAs bad as the damage was，it could have been far worse Looking ahead，scientists are trying to predict when the next major quake will occurRecords show that earthquakes were common before 1906Since then，the earthquake has been relatively quietPatterns in the data，however，sugges

11、t that the probability of a major earthquake striking the Bay Area before 2032 is at least 62 percent New buildings in San Francisco are quite safe in case of future quakesStill，more than 84 per-cent of the citys buildings are old and weakAnalyses suggest that another massive earthquake would cause

12、extensive damage People who live there tend to feel safe because San Francisco has remained pretty quiet for a whileAccording to the new reseaych，however，its not a matter ofif the Big One will hitIts just a matter of when 16The San Francisco area is located above several active fault lines ARight BW

13、rong CNot mentioned 17The 1906 earthquake in San Francisco is the most severe one in American history ARight BWrong CNot mentioned 18The highest speed of fault ruptures in the 1906 quake was more than 3.5 kilometers per second. ARight BWrong CNot mentioned 19Earthquakes rarely happened before 1906 A

14、Right BWrong CNot mentioned 20San Francisco is fully prepared for another big earthquake ARight BWrong CNot mentioned 21Scientist will be able to predict the exact time of an earthquake soon ARight BWrong CNot mentioned 22A major earthquake striking San Francisco someday is inevitable ARight BWrong

15、CNot mentioned 第3部分：概括大意与完毕句子(第2330题，每题1分，共8分) 下面旳短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23-26题规定从所给旳6个选项中为第25段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第2730题规定从所给旳6个选项中为每个句子拟定1个最佳选项。 Natural Gas Natural gas is produced from reservoirs deep beneath the earths surfaceIt is a fossil fuel，meaning that it is derived from organic material buried in the e

16、arth millions of years ago.The main component of natural gas is methane(甲烷). The popularity and use of clean natural gas has increased dramatically over the past 50 years as Dipeline infrastructure(基本设施)has been installed to deliver it conveniently and economically to millions of residential，commerc

17、ial and industrial customers worldwideToday，natural gas service is available in all 50 states，and is the leading energy choice for fueling American homes and indus-triesMore than 65 million American homes use natural gasIn fact，natural gas is the most eco-nomical source for home energy needs，costing

18、 one-third as much as electricity. In addition to heat-ing homes，much of the gas used in the United States is used as a raw material to manufacture a wide variety of products，from paint，to fibers for clothing，to plastics for healthcare，computing and fur-nishings Natural gas is also used in a signifi

19、cant number of new electricity-generating power plants. Natural gas is one of the safest and cleanest fuels available It emits less pollution than other fossil fuelsdioxide(二氧化碳)and water vapor-the same substances emitted when humans ex-haleCompared with some other fossil fuels，natural gas emits the

20、 least amount of carbon dioxide in-to the air when combusted(燃烧)-making natural gas the cleanest burning fossil fuel of allThe industry also is subject to substantial federal regulation in the areas of production and distribution，which help ensure it is provided to consumers safely and cleanly The U

21、nited States consumes about one-third of the worlds natural gas output，making it the lar-gest gas consuming region in the worldThe USDepartment of Energys Energy Information Ad-ministration forecasts that natural gas demand will grow by more than 50 percent by 2025. There are huge reserves of natura

22、l gas beneath the earths surfaceThe largest reserves of natu-ral gas can be found in Russia，West and North Africa and the Middle EastLNG(液化天然气)has been produced domestically and imported in the United States for more than four decades.To-day，the leading importers of LNG are Japan，Korea，France and Sp

23、ain. 23Paragraph 2_ 24Paragraph 3_ 25Paragraph 4_ 26Paragraph 5_ APopularity and use of natural gas BNatural gas reserves and supply CNatural gas prices DClean fuel of choice EDisadvantages of natural gas FNatural gas consumption 27Natural gas is stored deep_. 28Natural gas is recognized as the most

24、 economical energy source _. 29When manufacturing many products，people commonly use natural gas _. 30It is estimated that by 2050 that natural gas demand in the United States will increase_. Aover the past 50 years Bbeneath the earth surface Cby more than 50 percent Dfor more than four decades Eas a

25、 raw material Ffor home energy needs 第4部分：阅读理解(第31-45题，每题3分，共45分) 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题拟定1个最佳选项。 第一篇 Walking to Exercise the Brain Do you think sitting and studying all the time will improve your grades?Think againGetting some exercise may help，too New research with older people suggests tha

26、t taking regular walks helps them pay attention better than if they didnt exercise Previous research had shown that mice learn，remember，and pay attention better after a few weeks of working out on a running wheelMice that exercise have greater blood flow to the brain than those who dontTheir brain c

27、ells also make more connections Neuroscientists from the University at Urbana-Champaign wanted to find out if the same thing is true for peopleFirst，they measured the physical fitness of 41 adults，ages 58 to 77，after each per-son walked 1 mileThen，participants looked at arrows on a computer sczeen a

28、nd had to use com-puter keys to show which way one particular arrow was pointing Adults who were physically fit were faster at the arrow task，and their answers were just as ac- curate as their less-fit peers,the researchers foundThe fitter participants also had more blood flow to a part of their bra

29、in responsible for paying attention and making decisions In a second study，15 elderly people who completed a 6-month aerobic-training course were fas-ter at attention tasks compared with 14 seniors who just did stretching and toning exercises for the same amount of time So，even going for a walk ever

30、y 2 or 3 days forjust 10 to 45 minutes can helpThat should be good news for your grandparents The effects of exercising on the brains of younger people havent been studied yetStill，it cant hurt to take occasional study breaks and go for a walk or run around with your friendsYou might even do better

31、in school Whatever you do，though，dont try to read and walk at the same timeYou could end up hurting yourseff! 31Walking regularly helps elderly people_ Alose weight Bbecome happier Cconcentrate better Dlook younger 32After taking exercise for a few weeks，the mice were found to have_ Ahigher blood pr

32、essure Bfaster heartbeat Cmore blood flow to the brain Dbetter appearance 33The first study on 41 elderly people found_ Athe less-fit participants did arrow tasks faster Bthe fitter participants did arrow tasks faster Cthe less-fit participants gave more accurate answers Dthe fitter participants gav

33、e more accurate answers 34It can be good for health when one takes a walk every 2 or 3 days for at least_ A3 minutes B45 minutes C30 minutes D10 minutes 35It is suggested in the last paragraph that people should_ Arun around once a week Bnot read and walk at the same time Cgo for a walk every day Dn

34、ot hurt their friends while exercising 第二篇 Night of the Living Ants When an ant dies，other ants move the dead insect out of the nestThis behavior is interesting to scientists，who wonder how ants know for sure and so soon that another ant is dead Dong-Hwan Choe，a scientist at the University of Califo

35、rnia found that Argentine ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other antsIm deadtake me away But theres a twist to Choes discoveryThese ants ave a little bit like zombies(僵尸)Choe says that the living ants，not just the dead ones，have this death chemicalsIn other wordsWh

36、ile an ant crawls around，perhaps in a picnic or home，its telling other ants that its dead What keeps ants from hauling away the liring dead?Choe found that Argentine ants have two additional chemicals on their bodies，and these tell nearby ants something like，Wait-Im not dead yet，So Choes research tu

37、rned up two sets of chemical signals in ants：one says，Im deadthe other set says，Im not dead yet Other scientists have tried to figure out how ants know when another ant is dead If an ant is knocked unconscious，other ants leave it alone until it wakes upThat means ants know that unmoving ants can sti

38、ll be alive Choe suspects that when an Argentine ant dies，the chemical that saysWait-Im not dead yet quickly goes away.Once that chemical is gone，only the one that saysIm deadis leftIts because the dead ant no longer smells like a living ant that it gets carried to the graveyard(坟场)，not because its

39、body releases new unique chemicals after death，said Choe When other ants detect thedeadchemical without thenot dead yetchemical，they haul away the body This was choes hypothesis(假设) To test his hypothesis，Choe and his team put different chemicals on Argentine ant pupae(蛹). When the scientists used t

40、heIm deadchemical，other ants quickly hauled tbe treated pupae away. When the scientists used theWait-Im not dead yetchemicals，other ants left the treated pupae alone.Choe believes this behavior shows that thenot dead yetchemicals override(优先于) thedeadchemical when picked up by adult ants And that wh

41、en an ant dies，thenot dead yetchemicals fade awayOther nearby ants then detect the remainingdeadchemical and remove the body from the nest 36What is meant bydeath chemicalmentioned in paragraph 3? AA chemical that contains poison BA chemical that causes death CA chemical that announces death DA chem

42、ical that prevents death 37Which of the following statements is NOT true of ants? AAnts know very soon that another ant is dead BWhen an ant is dead，others move its body out of the nest CIf an ant is unconscious，it is moved out of the nest DLiving ants have theIm deadchemical on their bodies 38Accor

43、ding to Choes hypothesis，_. Aan ant still smells like a living when it dies BtheI am deadchemical leaves the ants body when it dies CtheI am not dead yetchemical is left when an ant dies DtheI am not dead yetchemical leaves the ants body when it dies 39According to paragraph 7，what is the result of

44、the test on Choes hyothesis? AIt shows that his hypothesis is wrong BIt proves that his hypothesis is convincing CIt suggests that his hypothesis needs revising DNot enough evidence has been found to support his hypothesis 40The passageNight of the Living Antstells us about_. Ahow an ant is moved ou

45、t of the nest at nigh Bwhat an ant does at night Chow an ant finds its way in darkness Dwhat happens when an ant dies 第三篇 The Iceman On a September day in 1991，two Germans were climbing the mountain between Austria and ItalyHigh up on a mountain pass，they found the body of a man lying on the ice. At

46、 that height (10,499 feet or 3，200 meters)，the ice is usually permanent，but 1991 had been an especially warm yearThe mountain ice had melted more than just usual and so the body had come to the surface It was lying face downwardThe skeleton(骨架)was in perfect condition，except for a wound in the headT

47、here was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothesThe hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth bootsNearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark(树皮)and a holder for arrows Who was the man? How and when had he died? Ev

48、erybody had a different answer to these questionsSome people thought that it was from this century，perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War Isince several soldiers had already been found in the area A Swiss woman who believed it might be her father, who had died in those mountains twenty

49、years before and whose body had never been foundThe scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older，maybe even a thousand years old With modern dating techniques，the scientists soon learned that the iceman was about 5，300 years oldBorn in about 3300 BC，he lived during th

50、e Bronze Age in EuropeAt first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains. More recent evidencehowever，tells a different storyA new kind of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulderIt left only a tiny hole in his skin，but it caused inte

51、rnal damage and bleedingHe almost certainlv died from this wound，and not from the wound on the back of his headThis means that he was probably in some kind of battleIt may have been part of a large war，or he may have been fighting banditsHe may even have been a bandit himself By studying his clothes

52、 and tools，scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived inwe may never know the full story of how he died，but he has given us important clues to the history of those distant times 41The body of the iceman was found in the mountains mainly because_ Atwo German

53、s were climbing mountains Bhe was just on a mountain pass Cthe melted ice made him visible Dhe was lying on the ice 42What can be inferred from paragraph 2? AThe iceman could have died from the wound in the head BThe iceman was struck dead from behind CThe iceman was killed while working DThe iceman

54、 lived a poor life 43All the following are assumptions once made about iceman EXCEPT_ Ahe was a soldier in Worid War I Bhe came from Italy Che was a Swiss womanS long-lost father DHe was born about a thousand years ago 44The scientists made the deduction that the iceman_ Awas hit in the shoulder by

55、an arrowhead Bhas a tiny hole in his skin causing his death Cwas probably in some kind of a battle Dhad got a wound on the back of his head 45The wordbanditsin paragraph 4 could be best replaced by_ Arobbers Bshooters Csoldiers Dhunters 第5部分：补全短文(第4650题，每题2分，共10分) 下面旳短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内

56、容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 Semco At 21，Ricardo Semler became boss of his fatherS business in Brazil，Semco，which sold parts for shipsSemler Junior worked like a madman，from 7：30 am，until midnight every dayOne afternoon，while touring a factory in New York，he collapsedThe doctor who treated him said，Theres n

57、othing wrong with youBut if you continue like thisyoull find a new home in our hospitalSemler got the messageHe changed the way he workedIn fact，he changed the ways his employees worked too He let his workers take more responsibility so that they would be the ones worrying when things went wrongHe a

58、llowed them to set their own salaries，and he cut all the jobs he thought were unnecessary，like receptionists and secretaries_(46)Everyone at Semco，even top managers，meets guests in reception，does the photocopying，sends faxes，types letters and dials the phone He completely reorganized the office：inst

59、ead of walls，they have plants at Semco，SO bosses cant shut themselves away from everyone else_(47)As for uniforms，some people wear suits and others wear T-shirts Semler says，We have a sales manager named Rubin Agater who sits there reading the newspaper hour after hourHe doesnt even pretend to be bu

60、syBut when a Semco pump on the other side of the world fails，millions of gallons of oil are about to spill into the seaRubin springs into action_(48)ThatS when he earns his salaryNo one cares if he doesnt look busy the rest of the time Semco has flexible working hours：the employees decide when they