外刊经贸知识选读重点词汇与课后答案

1、 Lesson 1 Chinas Foreign Trade(中国的对外贸易) 重点词组：1、link 连接（这里为往来2、pattern 模式、结构* 3、substantially 相当大的、重大的* 4、in return for 作为地交换 5、manufactured goods 工业产品 6、capital equipment 资本设备 7、industrialization programme 工业项目 8、heavy industry 重工业 9、produced gains in 从 中获利* 10、economic imbalances 经济失衡 11、national i

2、ncome 国民收入 12、contract 收缩、下降 13、aid 援助 14、shift away form towards 从转移到* 15、consistent theme 一贯的主题 16、strong emphasis placed on 强调、重视 17、trade relating 贸易往来 18、fell sharply 急剧下降（下滑） 19、grown rapidly 迅速增长* 20、sign in 签订 21、in the wake of 在之后 22、normalization of diplomatic relations 外交关系正常化 23、come int

3、o force 生效* 24、most-favored nation treatment最惠国待遇 25、accounted for 占* 26、category 种类* 27、item 项目 28、US dollar value of 以美元计算的 29、increased at an average rate of 平均以比率增长 * 30、per annum 每年 31、visible trade surplus 有形贸易余额 32、rise sharply 迅速上升、猛增* 33、play a major role 起重要作用* 34、undue strain 沉重负担 35、a ne

4、t grain exporter 粮食净出口国* 36、pattern 模式* 37、reverse 逆转，相反 38、jump 暴涨* 39、visible trade account 有形贸易收支 40、in deficit 赤字、逆差* 41、buoyant 趋于上升* 42、attribute to 归因于 43、re-reported 再出口* 44、leading 最主要的* 45、decline 下降、减少* 46、supplier 供应者* 47、industrial country 工业化国家 48、expect 期望* 49、boost 推动、提高* 50、recovere

5、d strongly 很大恢复* 51、introducing advanced technology of 向引进先进技术* 52、sophistication 精密、尖端 53、invisible account 无形贸易收支 54、balance of payments 国际收支 55、earnings 收益、收入* 56、current account 经常项目 57、in surplus 处于顺差、有盈余* 58、reserves 储备、储量* 59、the balance 收支平衡*余额 60、specializes in 专门从事* 61、balance 平衡* 62、earni

6、ngs and requirements 收入和需求 63、run-down 减少、缩减* 64、as a means of 作为 65、international economic co-operation 国际经济合作 66、mount 举行、进行 67、trade fairs 商品展销会 68、practice 惯例 69、compensation trade 补偿贸易 70、raw materials 原材料 71、in return 作为报答 72、barter 易货贸易 73、counter-trade 反向贸易 74、a series of 一系列 75、designed to

7、旨在 76、joint venture 合资企业 77、The China International Trust Investment Corporation(CITIC)中国国际信托投资公司 78、transfer 转让* 79、for the time being 目前、暂时 80、direct investment 直接投资 81、access 接近的机会、享用权* 82、the international capital markets 国际资本市场 83、commercial terms 商业条件 84、compile 收集、汇集 85、OECD 经济合作和发展组织 86、Bank

8、 for International Settlements 国际清算银行 87、bulk 绝大部分、主体 88、in the short-term 从短期来看 89、over the longer term 从长期来看 90、representative offices 办事处 三、课后问题： 1、 Whats the meaning of “the pattern of Chinas foreign trade”? “The pattern of Chinas foreign trade” refers chiefly(主要的) to the commodity structure of

9、Chinas foreign trade and her trade partnership with the world. 2、 What kind of clause is introduced by “when” in the sentence of the third paragraph, section 1? An adverbial (状语) clause or an attributive (定语) one? An attributive clause 3、 “Official recognition that foreign technology could play a ma

10、jor role in modernizing the Chinese economy had caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978 placing undue strain （过度负担）on the national economy.”(中国政府认识到，国外技术对本国经济现代化作用重大，这使1978年中国的进口额增长了50%以上，结果国民经济背上了沉重的负担。) Why did the more than 50% rise in imports of 1978 place undue strain on Chinas

11、national economy? More foreign exchanges(外汇) is required for more imports. All sections of Chinas national economy would have to work harder and better to export and earn more for the imports increased. 4、 Whats “a net grain exporter(粮食净出口国)”? Does it mean one who has never done any imports? “A net

12、grain exporter” should be one who has done both imports and exports of the item, but finally exported more than imported within a period of time. 5、 “The strong increase in imports last year is attributed to buoyant economic activity as well as to the success of the Governments trade and foreign inv

13、estment policies.”(去年进口额的大大增加不仅是由于政府贸易政策与对外投资政策的成功，而且是由于趋于上升的经济。) What did Chinas foreign investment policies have to do with（与有关） her strong increase in imports? Foreign capital（外资） has flowed into (流入)China mostly in the form of foreign industrial investors to set up production facilities（生产设备） lo

14、cally（在地方上，本地） together with their Chinese partners or alone. For production efficiency（效率） and other reasons, as a rule they bring in technology and equipment from abroad to equip（装备） themselves. Thus （因此）it would result in a rise in imports. 6、 “Chinese officials stress the importance of introduci

15、ng advanced technology to domestic industry, but the need is for technology of varying degrees of sophistication, not necessarily for advanced technology as the term is understood in the West.”(中国官员强调向国内工业部门引进国外先进技术的重要性，但他们需要是不同先进程度的技术，而不是一定需要西方国家所理解的那种纯粹的先进技术。) Whats the implication （含义）of the unde

16、rlined part of the paragraph quoted（引用） above? China is a developing country with her own economic condition. In introducing advanced technology into our country, we would first choose those most needed and applicable(可适用的) at the present stage（阶段，时期）of our economic development. 7、“The authorities d

17、o not consider it appropriate to incur large mounts of external debt until a number of practical bottlenecks in the economy ,such as an inadequate transport network and energy constraints, have been tackled.(在经济中的许多实际障碍如运输能力不足和能源缺乏被克服之前，中国政府不赞成招来大笔外债的做法。) Why did China refuse to borrow more until th

18、eir transport capacity and energy supply have further increased? Chinas financial borrowing is for industrialization and modernization. Without well-developed transport network and enough energy supply, however, industry and the entire(整个的，全部的) economy could not be further（促进，更多的） expanded(扩大的，展开的)

19、successfully. Therefore（因此）, its no time for borrowing them then, which could not be effectively（有效的） used and result only in heavy interest payment. 8、 “Chinas access to（有权使用） substantial （大量的） sums of money from the World Bank also reduces the need to borrow on commercial terms.”（中国可以在世界银行中借贷巨额资金，

20、这减少了中国以商业条件进行接待的数量） What does “borrow on commercial terms” imply（暗示）here? And why does China prefer loans from the World Bank? “Commercial” carries(意味) the meaning of having profit making as the aim.（以获得利润为目标） “To borrow on commercial terms” is to borrow at the regular business interest rates (witho

21、ut any special favor received from the bank). China borrows from the World Bank Group for lower interest rates and other favorable conditions. Lesson 2 Chinas Absorption of Foreign Direct Investment (中国吸引外商直接投资) 二、重点词组：1、section 部分 2、roll up 卷起 3、bamboo curtain 竹幕 4、The special economic zone 经济特区 5、

22、coastal city 沿海城市 6、incentive 鼓励* 7、provincial capital 省会 8、attract 吸引* 9、assemble 汇集，形成 10、piecemeal 逐渐 11、the State Council 国务院 12、albeit 尽管 13、promulgate 颁布 14、even as 正在时候 15、battle with 与斗争 16、in an effort to fulfil 努力实现 17、do business with 与做生意 18、growing 变得* 19、showpiece 典范，样板* 20、introducein

23、to 向引进* 21、in particular 特别 22、standard of living 生活水平 23、aspire to 渴望 24、take note of 注意到 25、sales 销售的* 26、taken literally 从字面上理解 27、this does not make much sense没有多大实际意义 28、infrastructure 基础设施 29、cope with 履行、应付 30、transferto 传入，传到 31、share with 分享 32、inner regions 内地 33、foreign-exchange reserves

24、外汇储备 34、repay 偿还* 35、upgrade 改善、提高* 36、capital stock 实际资本、股本 37、combined 结合、和* 38、preferential 优惠的* 39、dueto 由于 40、intensity 激烈、强烈* 41、couple with 和、加上 42、from scratch 白手起家、从零开始 43、estate 地产* 44、joint venture 合资企业 45、cooperative enterprise 合作企业 46、wholly foreign-owned operation 外商独资企业 47、operation 企

25、业* 48、consumer goods 消费品 49、capital goods 资本货物 50、customs duties 进口税 51、uniform 统一的、一致的* 52、plant 全套设备* 53、technical transformation 技术改造 54、readily obtainable 轻易得到 55、prior to 再之前 56、Economic and Technical Development Zone (ETDZ) 经济技术开发区 57、uniform tax rate 统一税率 58、waive 免除、放弃* 59、profit-remittance

26、利润汇款 60、preferential tax rate 优惠税率 61、be liable to 应付（税）的* 62、be not entitled to 没有资格、没有权利* 63、authority 权利* 64、municipal government 市政府 65、be well aware of 最知情（清楚） 66、China International Economic Consultants Inc. 中国国际经济顾问有限公司 67、China International Trust an Investment Corp. 中国国际信托投资公司 68、arm 提供* 69

27、、stir up the enthusiasm 调动积极性 70、grassroots units 基层单位 71、rules and regulations 规章制度* 72、comprehensive framework 综合准则 73、it will be some time before the dust settles 等到尘埃落定还需要一段时间* 74、has yet to 有待 75、in the drivers seat 76、public ownership of the means of production 生产资料公有制 77、means of production 生

28、产资料 78、stock-taking of 对评估 79、National Peoples Congress 全国人民代表大会 80、seventh five-year plan 第七个五年计划 三、课后问题：1、“A clearly confident China has rolled up large section of its bamboo curtain ,declared itself open to the outside world and hung signs on nearly all its cities inviting foreign investors to co

29、me and do serious business.”(一个显然是自信的中国已卷起了一大截竹幕，宣布他要“对外开放”，并几乎在每一个城市都挂出了招牌，欢迎外商前来做正当生意。) In what is China confident in opening the country to the outside world? The country is fully confident in he social system(社会体系)Socialism（社会主义） with Chinese characteristics when China is opened to the outside w

30、orld though it seems unavoidable（不可避免的） that all sorts of（各式各样的） Western ideas and their way of life are to be brought in together with （加上，和）the inflow of （流入所需资本和技术）the needed capital and technology. 2、“The four special economic zones (SEZs) in Guangdong and Fujian provinces, 14 coastal cities (al

31、l former treaty ports) and Hainan island (19“open” areas in all ) have specifically designed tax and other incentives for the foreign investor.”（广东与福建两省的四个经济特区，14个沿海开放城市（均为以前与清政府的条约所开放的城市，及海南岛（共19个地区）都有为国外投资者特地制定的税收和其他鼓励投资政策。） What part of the sentence is the word tax here? Here tax (a noun名词) is us

32、ed as an attribute to （归因于）modify(修饰) “incentive”. 3、Why was foreign direct investment considered “a real element of competition(真正的竞争因素)” in “the countrys economic-development programme”（在该国的经济发展中）? At the time of writing the article (1984), the reform(改革) of Chinas economic structure just began, a

33、nd most of her own enterprises were not quite self-responsible（自我负责） yet for gains and losses in their business operation. In contrast（相反）, the enterprises with foreign funds were organized on the principle（法则、原则） of the market economy and they had to be active in competition for survival（生存）, with

34、no “same big pan（平底锅）” to eat from. In this sense(从这种意义上说、在这方面), they were considered “a real element of competition.” 4、Could you find a substitute(代替品) for the word race in “the race to get foreign technology and funds”?（竞相引进国外技术与资金） drive (n.) 运动 5、“The Chinese aspire to own color TV sets, refrig

35、erators, trucks, washing machines and better radios, bicycles and clothing.” What is implied（暗指） by using the word “better”? (Does “better” refer merely（只不过，仅仅） to the quality of goods here, or something more?) “better” implies that they had already had things like radios, bicycles and clothing, but

36、 expected to have better ones. 6、“Even local factories are taking note of the vast potential（潜力） sales in their own domestic market.”(即使当地厂商也注意到其国内市场巨大的销售量潜力) In what sense is the word sales used in the sentence? In the given context the meaning of sales is quantities to be sold. 7、How would you par

37、aphrase “taken literally”?(从字面上讲) If Gu Mus statement(陈述) is understood in the word-for-word （逐字的）way. 8、What does “administrative support”(行政支持) in the text refer to? Administrative setups responsible for(为负责) absorbing（吸引） foreign direct investment and relevant（有关的） local rules and regulations（官方的

38、规章制度）. 9、What is “a well-placed source”?(消息灵通人士) Source here is used in the sense of a source of information, which might refers to a person or organization, “A well-placed source” should be an official who is well-informed because of his special position. 10、“The central governments determination t

39、o raise the level of industrial technology is clearly behind the decision to open the 14 coastal cities.”（中央政府决心提高工业技术水平显然是作出作出开放14个沿海城市的决定的原因）。 What s your paraphrase(解释) of the above sentence? Does it mean that the “determination” was the reason for the decision? The reason for the decision was th

40、e determination. 11、“The combined industrial output（产量） of the 15 coastal areas is reportedly (据报道)equal to a quarter of the nations total.”(据报道，15个沿海市、区的工业产量总和相当于该国工业总产量的四分之一) What is the meaning of “combined” in the sentence? Could you find another word to replace it? What is that? Together 12、“Bu

41、t while the reasons for throwing 19 areas and cities open to foreign investment and technology transfer are clear”(决心向外国投资与技术转让开放19个区、市的原因是清楚的) “Throwingopen” basically（主要的，基本的） means having open, doesnt it? Then what is the difference in meaning between “throwing 19 areas and cities open” and havin

42、g open? What more does it mean when the word throw is used? Throw carries the meaning of doing that with force-determination(果断) in the sentence quoted（提到） above. 13、“, how the preferential systems will operate (in the 19 open districts) is not (clear).This is due largely to (由于)the intensity(激烈) of

43、 competition among the 19(但诸项优惠制度将如何运作，这一点却还不得而知。其主要原因是19个开放地区和城市间的竞争激烈。) How could “the intensity of competition among the 19”, if there was one, lead to some confusion（混淆）in absorbing foreign direct investment? According to the authors own understanding, as the 19 open areas and cities were compet

44、ing actively（激烈的） with one another or more foreign direct investment, they made their preferential systems more and more attractive（有吸引力的） and thus complicated（错综的、复杂的）, hard to operate. 14、“This is due largely to the intensity of competition among the 19, coupled with （加上）the inexperience of most l

45、ocal authorities both in making decisions and in dealing with the outside world.” (其主要原因是19个开放地区和城市间的竞争激烈, 加上大部分当地政府在决策与处理对外事务方面还缺乏经验。) What does “coupled” mean here? Could you find some substitutes for it? Together /along 15、What are “target projects”?(重点工程) key projects 中点（工程）项目 16、“One official w

46、ho is well aware of the confusion afflicting both local authorities and foreign investors is Jing Shuping, president of China International Economic Consultants（顾问、咨询） Inc. which is the consultancy arm of the China International Trust and Investment Crop.”(对这一令当地政府与外国投资者都头痛的混淆不轻的问题，中国国际经济咨询有限公司的总裁荆舒

47、平最知情，该公司是中国国际信托投资公司附属的咨询性公司) What is the meaning of the word “arm” here? Could you find some other word to substitute? Branch(分部)/department（部门） 17、“The time will come when the cities and zones will ask for help in coordinating（协调） their efforts.”（有一天，这些市和区事会寻求援助以协调它们的工作的） What kind of clause（从句） do

48、es “when” introduce? An attributive（定语） or an adverbial （状语）one? Why? an attributive clause. 18、“, while a comprehensive framework（综合准则） for the countrys modernization has been provided（提供） by the central committees（中央委员会） 21 October 1984 decision to reform the economic structure, it will be some ti

49、me before the dust settles and local authorities and foreign investors can deal with one another in a systematic way.”(虽然中央委员会1984年10月21日改革经济体制的决定为该国的现代化提供了一个综合的准则，但要等到尘埃落定、要等地方政府与外国投资者能有条不紊的打交道还需要一段时间) Whats you understanding of “the dust settles”? The confusion is removed. 19、Whats “stock-taking o

50、f the open policy”?(对开放政策评估) reviewing （回顾、评论） (reexamining复试)of the open policy. Lesson3 Chinas Open Economy (中国开放的经济) 二、重点词组：1、give way to 让路、让步 2、commercial hub 商业活动中心 3、dynamic 有活力* 4、boom 繁荣* 5、reach for 搜查，探寻 6、state council 国务院 7、bounce 反弹* 8、dominant 有统治权的，占优势的* 9、the worlds dominant economy

51、 世界经济强国 10、per capita 人均 11、Gross national product(GDP) 国民生产总值 12、American administration 美国政府 13、China hands 中国通(这指华人) 14、slight to 对的轻视 15、waning shot 警示 16、an intensifying rivalry 不断的竞争 17、punitive import tariffs 惩罚性进口关税 18、securities and real estate markets 证券及房地产市场 19、“Greater China” trade bloc

52、 “大中华”贸易集团 20、gross domestic product 国内生产总值 21、no more than 只是 22、joint ventures 合资企业 23、collectives 集体企业 24、private businesses 私有企业 25、account for 占 26、compared with 与比较 27、competitive advantage 竞争优势 28、high-tech, high-wage economy 高技术，高工资经济 29、General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关税及贸易总协定 30、boo

53、st 促进、推动* 31、surge 波动、汹涌* 32、buoy (-ed) 浮起、支持* 33、consumer electronics 电子产品 34、trade surplus with 对 的贸易顺差* 35、record 记录* 36、renewal 恢复* 37、human rights 人权问题 38、preferred status 优惠地位、优先权 39、retaliation 报复* 40、most-favor nation 最惠国 41、have (large) stake in sth. 与有利害关系 42、worth of 价值的* 43、30 times more

54、 超过30倍* 44、contract 合同、约定* 45、rushing to 竞相 46、state-owned conglomerate 国有跨行业公司 47、in cooperation with 与合作 48、outbid 出价高于 49、semiconductor chips 半导体集成电路芯片 50、branching out 扩展范围* 51、brokerage services 经纪业务 52、climbed back 上升* 53、double digits 两位数 三、课后问题 1、“If there is a road to Chinas future, Highway

55、 204 out of Shanghai is it.”（如果有通往中国的未来之路的话，那便是始自上海的204国道。） 1) What is the exact meaning of “ out of” here in the sentence? 2) Why does the author compare(比喻) Highway 204 to the road to Chinas future? (you may answer the question after youve studied the whole article.) 答：1）“Highway 204 out of Shangh

56、ai” is one leading out of Shanghai. 2)The traffic on Highway 204 is so thick (拥挤)that the trip along the road is hard. It indicates(表明) that though Chinas economy is booming（繁荣）, it is still backward and there is a long and there is a long and difficult way yet to Chinas brighter futurebecoming the

57、strongest economic power in the world. Rapid development in China is overwhelming（势不可挡） its backward（落后） transport networks, to be more accurate（准确）, its infrastructure（下部构造） and even its economic conditions, which limit its further development. 2、“Migrant（迁移）workers crowd the narrow shoulders” What

58、 does “shoulders” refer to ? 答：“Shoulder” here means the edges of a road. 3、“Eventually（结果、最后、终于）, industry gives way to rice fields, which is being dug up to build still more factories.” 1) What does the phrase（短语） “to give way to something” mean in the above sentence? 2) What does the author mean

59、to convey(传达) to the readers when he used the word “ eventually”? 答：1）To give way to something means to make room for something(让位于某物) in the sentence. 2) Eventually sometimes implies(暗指) an inevitable（必然的、不可避免的） result. 4、Please explain the following phrases as they appearing their in their respect

60、ive（各自的） contexts: “ dynamic（活跃的、生机勃勃的） economy”( paragraph 2) “the worlds dominant（占优势的、占统治地位的） economy”( paragraph 3 ) 答：According to their respective contents, “dynamic economy” refers to an economy full of energy(活力) and activity(活跃)精力充沛、旺盛; “the worlds dominant economy” means the worlds major e