飞机及其主要部件名称

1、1飞机及其主要部件飞机1.1飞机类型民用飞机干线机支线机商用飞机客货两用机旅客机运输机宽体飞机窄机身飞机大型运输机货机公务机/行政勤务飞机公务喷气机通用飞机私人飞机适航飞机全天候飞机后掠翼飞机喷气式飞机燃气涡轮式飞机AIRCRAFT AND MAIN COMPONENTS aircraft, airplaneAIRCRAFT TYPEcivil aircrafttrunk aircraft, trunklinersregional aircraft, commutercommercial aircraftcombination aircraftpassenger aircrafttranspo

2、rt aircraftwide fuselage aircraftnarrow-bodied aircraftlarge transport aircraftcargo aircraft, airfreighter, freight aircraftbusiness/executive aircraft, administrative aircraftbusiness jet aircraft, corporate jet aircraftgeneral-purpose aircraftprivate owner airplaneairworthy aircraftall-weather ai

3、rcraftswept back wing airplanejet airplane turbine-engine aircraft涡轮风扇式飞机turbofan aircraft涡轮喷气式飞机双喷气发动机飞机亚音速飞机中程飞机中短程飞机远程飞机半硬壳式飞机前（后）三点飞机原型机，样机试验型飞机基本型飞机改型飞机批生产飞机1.2飞机主要部件及其结构1.2.1机身机体机头机身前机身中机身中后机身turbojet airplanetwin-jet aircraftsubsonic aircraftmedium-range aircraftshort/medium aircraftlong-dist

4、ance aircraftsemimonocoque aircraftaircraft with nose (tail) wheelprototype aircraft, mockupdevelopment aircraftbasic aircraftmodified aircraftmass-produced aircraftAIRCRAFT MAIN COMPONENTS ANDSTRUCTURAL MEMBERSFUSELAGEairframe, bodynosefuselageforward fuselagemid fuselage后机身mid-aft fuselage aft fus

5、elage机身下部lower fuselagesemimonocoque fuselagesemimonocoque structureprimary structuresecondary structure,auxiliary structurebasic structurecomposite material structurehoneycomb bonded structuremetal-to-metal adhesive bonded structure机身中上部机身上部增压机身机身结构机体结构半硬壳式机身半硬壳式结构主要结构次要结构，辅助结构基本结构复合材料结构胶结蜂窝结构金属胶结结

6、构加强结构梁肋结构机身蒙皮隔框机身隔框圆形隔框机身与机翼对接隔框翼梁固定隔框mid-upper fuselageupper fuselagepressurized fuselagefuselage structureairframe structure reinforced structure spar-and rib structurefuselage skinbulkhead (BHD), framefuselage framecircumferential frame fuselage-wing framespar frame前梁固定隔框front spar frame后梁固定隔框rea

7、r spar frame气密隔框防火隔板（墙）机身桁梁（大梁）横梁纵梁长桁角形桁条“Z”型桁条“n”型桁条加强桁条龙骨梁龙骨地板地板梁座椅滑轨气密地板整流片（带，包皮） pressure bulkhead fire bulkhead longerontransverse beam longitudinal beam stringer,longeron angle stringer Zsection stringer hat-section stringer heavy stringer keel beam keel floor panel floor beam seat track press

8、ure floor fillet机身机翼接合整流带（翼根整流带）fuselage-to-wing fillet, wing-root fillet整流罩fairing机身整流罩fuselage fairing机身机翼整流罩fuselage-to-fairingradome雷达天线罩天线整流罩搭接板机身搭接板纵向搭接板长桁搭接板加强板（双搭接板）机身站位站位线机身横截面水平线纵剖线横向站位线）中心线机身气密包线分离面工艺分离面主舱地板货舱地板驾驶舱地板纵向加强件转折梁尾锥化纤蒙皮antenna fairing splicefuselage splicelongitudinal splicestr

9、inger splicedouble splicestation (STA)station linefuselage cross sectionwater line (WL)buttock line (BL)center line (CL)fuselage pressure envelopebreakproduction break, manufacturing breakmain deckcargo deckflight compartment floorintercostalcrease beamtailcone1.2.2机翼WINGchemical-milled skin机翼类型基本翼中

10、央翼中外翼（内翼）外翼翼尖上单翼下单翼上反角机翼下反角机翼带盒形梁的机翼双梁式机翼整体油箱机翼有襟翼的机翼后掠机翼前缘开缝机翼翼梢小翼机翼主要结构前缘后缘翼尖整流罩翼根整流带翼根整流罩WING TYPE basic wingcenter winginboard wingoutboard wingwing tipupper-monowinglower-monowinganhedral wing, positive dihedral wingnegative dihedral wingbox-spar wingdouble-spar wingfuel-tight wingflapped wings

11、weptback wingnose-slot wingwingletsPRIMARY WING STRUCTUREleading edgetrailing edgewing-tip fairingwing-root fillet wing-root fairingweb翼梁盒形翼梁box spar前梁front spar后梁rear spar纵墙（假梁）false spar副翼翼梁aileron spar辅助梁secondary spar, auxiliary spar展向梁spanwise beam腹板式翼梁plated-web spar, web-type spar整体式翼梁one-pie

12、ce spar后缘翼梁trailing edge beam起落架支撑梁landing gear (support) beam机翼辅助梁（机翼纵墙）wing web (W/W) beam翼盒wing box中央翼盒center wing box扭力盒torsion box机翼整体油箱integral fuel tank翼肋wing rib油箱端肋tank end rib加强肋reinforced rib梁间加强肋intercostal,reinforced rib整体肋one-piece rib腹板支柱，加强件stiffener长桁stringer上长桁upper stringer ER下长桁l

13、ower stringer机翼蒙皮wing skin蒙皮壁板skin panel铝合金蒙皮alumium skin蜂窝结构蒙皮honeycomb skin双层蒙皮double skin轻合金蒙皮light-alloy skin抗拉蒙皮tension skin加强蒙皮reinforced skin内蒙皮inner skin外蒙皮outer skin上蒙皮upper skin下蒙皮lower skin翼剖面（翼型）airfoil襟翼滑轨整流罩flap track fairing根部（三叉）接头terminal fitting襟翼WING FLAP内侧襟翼inboard flapschord,fla

14、nge外侧襟翼缘条outer flaps前缘襟翼后缘襟翼襟翼滑轨安装接头缝翼前缘缝翼可操纵缝翼副翼扰流板减速板减升板调整片副翼调整片铰链接头作动器接头1.2.3尾翼安定面水平安定面水平尾翼垂直安定面垂直尾翼全动垂直尾翼操纵面，舵面舵面锁leading-edge flap trailing-edge flapflap track attachment fittingSLATleading-edge slatmovable slatAILERONspoilerairbrakelift dumpertab, adjustable tabaileron trim tabhinge fittingact

15、uator fittingTAIL, EMPENNAGESTABILIZERhorizontal stabilizerhorizontal tailvertical stabilizervertical tail,vertical finall-movable vertical tail,all-movable fincontrol surface gust lock, control lock方向舵rudder升降舵背鳍翼尖补偿装置迎角补偿器配平装置调整片升降舵调整片方向舵调整片固定调整片操纵调整片方向舵操纵装置偏航阻尼器安定面结构前缘固定前缘可卸前缘前梁后梁扭力盒长桁elevatordor

16、sal finwing tipCOMPENSATORangle-of-attack compensatortrimmertrim tab, adjustable tabelevator trim tabrudder trim tabfixed trim tabcontrol tabrudder control unityaw damperSTABILIZER STRUCTUREleading edge (LE)fixed leading edgeremovable leading edgefront sparrear spartorque boxstringer rib安定面配平致动螺杆配重整

17、体壁板中梁中央盒板外伸段1.2.4舱门舱门登机门旅客门旅客登机门驾驶舱门货舱门行李舱门应急门（出口）服务舱门检修门厨房门盥洗室门登机梯门电气设备舱门电子设备舱门stabilizer trim jack screw balance weight, counter balance, mass balanceintergral panelmiddle sparcenter sectionouter sectionDOORSDOORSentry doorpassenger doorpassenger entry doorcrew doorcargo doorbaggage door, luggage

18、dooremergency door (exit)service dooraccess doorgalley doorlavatory doorairstair doorelectrical door起落架舱门electronics door landing gear door驾驶舱应急出口辅助动力装置舱门 电子/电气舱门 冲压空气涡轮舱门 前起落架舱门 主起落架舱门门结构门框门梁门加强肋门上/下托架门的衬板门槛门操纵机构手操纵电操纵门手柄门把手辅助手柄应急手柄应急起动手柄选择手柄escape hatch, overhead hatchAPU(Auxiliary Power Unit) acc

19、ess doorE&E compartment doorRAT compartment doornose landing gear doormain landing gear doorDOOR STRUCTUREdoor frame, door-casedoor beamdoor stiffening ribupper/lower carriagedoor liningdoorsilldoor control mechanism(door operation mechanism)manual controlelectrical controldoor handledoor-knobassist

20、 handleemergency handleemergency trigger leverselector lever门锁锁闩杆latch rod锁闩滚轮latch rollerdoor latch门锁闩guide cam门操纵杆door control rod门扭力管（管轴）door torque tube锁稍lock pin, latch pin, catch pin门锁定装置（闸柄）trigger门锁杆机构girt bar mechanism开锁杆open lock release rod（锁杆）啮合engagement（锁杆）分离detachment手摇把crank推拉杆push-p

21、ull rod凸轮板cam plate锁住曲柄滚轮latching crank roller开关曲柄推杆cocking crank pushrod门导轨door track门导轨小齿轮door track pinion门导轨齿条door track rack导轨导向滚轮track guide roller导向臂guide arm导向稍guide pin导向凸轮凸轮轴camshaftcam track凸轮随动装置cam follower摇臂bellcrank, rocker铰链臂hinge arm半径连杆radius link门作动器actuator作动器离合器actuator clutch齿轮

22、箱gearbox齿条齿轮传动rack and pinion drive角传动装置angle drive软轴flex shaft横传动轴cross drive shaft门止动块door stop门止动块接头door stop fitting卡爪pawl门打开定位卡销door open detent偏心弹簧卡销overcenter spring detent偏心衬套eccentric bushing齿形板serrated plate轴钩pivot hook后部垫块heel pad安装支架凸轮导轨support bracket, mounting bracket防磨板抗剪销门警告系统门传感器锁闩传

23、感器门锁开关门位置开关门速度限制器平衡器减震器，缓冲器应急撤离系统单通道撤离滑梯滑梯充气瓶抽气管（器）护罩滑梯包装板喷射器带条释放钢索滑梯收进装置触点接头1.2.5 窗驾驶舱窗旅客舱窗wear plateshear pindoor warning systemdoor sensorlatch sensordoor lock switchdoor position switchdoor speed limitercounterbalancesnubberemergency evacuation system single channel evacuation slide slide inflat

24、ion cylinderaspiratorshroudpack boardejector straprelease cableslide retractorstop fittingWINDOWSflight compartment (deck) windowspassenger compartment (cabin) windows服务门窗service door windowspassenger entry door windows检查/观察窗inspection/observation windows双层玻璃窗double-glazed window电热防冰窗electrically an

25、tiiced window加温玻璃窗heated windows客舱舷窗cabin window机头窗nose window, forward-view window后视窗rear-view window固定客舱舷窗fixed cabin windows滑动窗sliding windows风挡windshield防鸟撞风挡withstand bird impact windshield, bird-proof windshield防弹玻璃风挡armor glass windshield电阻丝加热风挡electrically heated windshield热气加温风挡hot-air wind

26、shield双层玻璃风挡twin-pane windshield三层风挡tri-layer windshield多层风挡laminated windshield金膜风挡玻璃gold film windshield窗玻璃windowpane强化玻璃tempered glass外层薄强化玻璃层旅客登机门窗outer thin-tempered glass layer丙烯酸有机玻璃arcylic glass导电涂层conductive coating内层玻璃inner pane中层玻璃middle pane外层玻璃outer pane风挡雨刷windshield wiper风挡的安装windshie

27、ld installation风挡框windshield frame窗槛windowsill窗帘window curtain, curtain安装环mounting ring丙烯酸垫圈acrylic spacer橡胶模压密封件rubber molded seal气动校平器aerodynamic smoother窗加热控制window heat control汇流条bus bar汇流条接头bus bar terminal电源接头power terminal温度控制传感器temperature control sensor温度调节器heat controller加热元件heating elementsinterlayer加温模块中间隔层heat module过热开