13四级阅读仔细阅读-词汇题强化

1、四级强化阅读老师题型 细节推理题二词汇指代题(句子理解题)三主旨大意题四观点态度题词汇题（句子理解）The word “” （line x, paragraph x）he context refers to when the author says “” （line x, paragraph x）, he prabably means“” （line x, paragraph x） can be replaced by 词汇题（句子理解）(一)答题答题关键一：表面含义选项常为干扰项。答题关键二：采用三句定位法：上一句，所在句，和下一句;同时关注逻辑词(二)题型分析考纲内词汇：考纲外词汇：陌生短

2、语：词汇在特定上下文中选取特定含义的能力根据上下文推断生词含义的能力根据上下文理解推断短语在特定上下文中含义的能力句子：根据上下文推断句子含义的能力猜词技巧解读一、针对性解释二、 内在逻辑关系三、 构词法一、针对性解释1、根据定义猜测词义如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。定义句的谓语动词多为：be，mean，deal with， be considered，to be，refer to，be called，beknown as，define，represent，constitute等。【例一】Anthropology is the scientific stud

3、y of man.【例二】In slang the term jam constitutes a seof being in whichin a difficult situation.rson finds himself or herself2、根据复述猜测词义1)同位语在复述中同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号、和括号等。【例一】Sem words， is neelligently.s， the study of the meaning ofsary if you are to speak and read【例二】Capacitance，or the ab

4、ility to store electriccharge， is one of the most common characteristics ofelectronic circuits.注意：同位语前还常有or，similarly，t is to say，in other words， namely， or other等副词或短语出现。2)定语从句【例如】Krabacber suffers from SAD， which is short for seasonal affective disorder， asyndrome characterized by severe seasonalm

5、ood swings.3、根据举例猜测词义恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索。【例如】The consequenof epochal eventch aswars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to asmall geographical area as they werehe past.4、归纳解释有时生词会以总结、归纳的形式被解释出来。如：There was bitterness in her voice, a scowl（皱眉） on her face, and then an angry replyas usual

6、, she was in a captious mood as shespoke to the children.猜词技巧解读一、针对性解释二、 内在逻辑关系三、 构词法1、根据对比关系猜测词义（相反）在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，词猜测其词义。可以根据生词或难词的反义【例一】A good supervisor can recognizeinstantly the adept workers from the unskilledones.【例二】Andrew is one of the most superciliousmen I know. His brother，

7、 in contrast，is quitehumble and modest.表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要是unlike，not，but，however，despite，in spite of，in contrast 和while引导的并列句等。2、根据比较关系猜测词义（相似）同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。【例如】Green loves to talk，and his brothers are similarly loquacious.表示比较关系的词和短语主要是similarly，like，just as， also等。3、根据因果关系猜测词义在句子或段落中，若两个事物、现象

8、之间们可以根据这种逻辑关系推知生词词义。因果关系，我【例一】Tom is considered an autocratic administratorbecause he makes deciof others.s without seeking the opinions【例二】There were so many demonstratorshe Red Squaret he had to elbow hisway through the crowd.4、根据同义词的替代关系猜测词义（复现）在句子或段落中，推断生词词义。【例一】Doctors be可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境vet smo

9、king cigarettes isdetrimental to your health. They also regard drinking asharmful.【例二】Althoughheoftenhadtheopportunity， Mr. Tritt was never able to stealmoneyfromacustomer.Thiswouldhave， and heendangered hisition at the bdid not want to jeopardize his future.猜词技巧解读一、针对性解释二、 内在逻辑关系三、 构词法构词法前缀+词根：入)er

10、 (中间)+ vene ervene (介词根+后缀：circl (圆)+ let (小) circlet()词根+词根：远镜)e (远)+scope (镜)escope(望前缀+词根+后缀：in (不)+aud(听)+ inaudible (听不见)ible (可) Prefixes Meaningover- to an exsive degree overloadunder- not enough, not sufficiently underestimatenon- not non-verbalsub- under or beneath subtitlepre- before presc

11、hoolt- aftertwarco- with or together co-workerex- former ex-bi- two or twice bicyclein-,il-,im-,ir- “not” impatient, irregular, illegalmis- bad (ly) or wrong (ly) miun- not unaccountable, misaddressre- again or back readdress readmitdis- not disagree, dishonest总结：推测词义一、针对性解释 （句内逻辑）1、根据定义猜测词义：2、根据复述猜

12、测词义： 1)同位语；2)定语从句3、根据举例猜测词义4、归纳解释二、 内在逻辑关系 （句际逻辑）1、根据对比关系猜测词义2、根据比较关系猜测词义3、根据因果关系猜测词义4、根据同义词的替代关系猜测词义三、 构词法典型例后题续完整20课8程获.1取，2联p系研a梦s会sP92author male57.WhydoestheIfyoureamaleand this,a to nskin andcongratulatehisyourereadingreadersatthebeginning ofcongratulations:yourethe passage?A） They are more li

13、kely tosurvivor.According youremore likely to die ofsistics,survive today.B） Theirseriousdiseasestwice as cancernawoman,averagelifespannine times of AIDS. Amore likely to die ming you makehasbeenconsiderablyextended.C）Theyittoofyournaturalhavelivedlongterm, about 78 years for menenough to read this

14、article.inAustralia,youlldieonD） They are sure to enjoy aaverage woman.fiveyearsbeforealonger and happier life.典型后例续完整题课2程获0取0，联8系.研1梦2会age 2doesThereremanyreasonsfor58.Whatthethistypically,mentakemoreauthorseisthemostrisks likelyn women and are moreimportant reason men dietodrink moreandsmokebutfiv

15、eyearsearronperhapsimportantly,menaveragen women?A） Men drink and smokedont go to the doctor. “Men arent seeing doctors asmuB）ore Menn women.dontseekoftenas they should,”says Dr.medical care women.as oftenasGullotta.“Thisisparticularlysofor the over-40s, tend to strike.”when diseasesC）Menarentwomena

16、s incautiousasGullottasaysahealthymanface of danger.D） Men areshould visit the doctor every yearmorelikely fatalortwo.Forthoseover45,ittosufferfromshould beeast once a year.diseases.典型后例续完整题课2程获0取0，联8系.研1梦2会age 2of59.WhichtheTwo months agoGullotta sawafollowing best completes the sentence “Geez, if

17、it could happen to him, .”（Lines 2-3, Para. 8）?50-year-oldmanwhohad hisdelayedsmokersnganythingaboutcough for a year.“WhenIfinallysaw himid since says.A） itcouldhappentoalreadyspread andhe hasme, toodied“Earfromgcancer,”heB）Ishouldavoidr detection and treatment mayplaying golfnovecuredhim,butitwould

18、C）Ishouldconsiderhave prolonged（延长） his life.”myself lucky According to a recent survey, 95%D） itwouldbeabigofwomenagedbetn15and year,hemisfortuneearly 40s see a doctoronce a mencomparedto70%ofsame age group.典型后例续完整题课2程获0取0，联8系.研1梦2会age 259.Whichofthefollowing “A lot of men think theyreinvincible （

19、不可战胜的） ,”best completes the sentence“Geez, if it could happen to him, .”（Lines 2-3, Para. 8）?A） it could happen to me,tooGullottasays.“Theyonlycome in when a friend drops dead on the golf course andthey think, Geez,happen to him, .”ifitcouldB）IshouldavoidplayinggolfC） I should consider myself luckyD

20、）itwouldbeabigmisfortune典型后例续完整题课2程获0取0，联8系.研1梦2会age 260.WhatdoesDr.RossThentherestheostrichCartmill mean by “the ostrich approach”（Line 1, Para. 9）？A casual attitude towardsones health conditions.A new therapy for certain psychological problems.approach.“Some what wouldmen might ratherare be notsca

21、redofthereandknow,”Cartmill.saysDr.RossC） Refusaltoget medicaltreatment for fear of the pain involved.D） Unwillingness to find outabout ones disease becauseof fear.典型后例续完整题课2程获0取0，联8系.研1梦2会age 2“Mostmengettheircars61.WhatdoesCartmillserviced more regularlyn theysay about regular check- ups for men?s

22、ervice their bodies,” Cartmill says.A） TheyHebevesmostdiseasest bemayincreasecommonly addressed ups.affectmencouldpublic expenses.B）bypreventivecheck-Theywillsavemoneyhe long run.C）TheymaycauseRegularcheck-ups for men wouldpsychologicalstrainsoninevitably platrain on the publicmen.D）Theywillenablepu

23、rse, preventionCartmill is che having Besides,says.“Butr tohe treatlong themento liveaslongasrunnwomen.diseases.theultimate calledcostisfargreater;itspremature death.”典型例题后续完2整e 2（词课程获取，联系研梦会08.12 pasaffect 动词 影响effect 名词 结果“Mostmengettheircarsserviced more regularlyn they Cartmill diseasesserviceth

24、eirbodies,”ves mosthaveaneffectonsays. He be对。有影响influencetcommonly affectmencouldbeaddressedbypreventivee.g. Leifeng influencheck-ups.Regular check-ups for men wouldalotofChipeopleinevitablyplatrain Cartmillonthepublicpurse,says.“But he longpreventionis che having Besides,r toprematurerunntreatthed

25、iseases.theultimatecostisfargreater;itscalledpremature death.”）典型例后题续完整21课6程获.1取，2联p系研a梦s会sP90m Smith say46. What diSugar,alcoholand Adamare areaboutsugar,alcoholandtobacco,economist.tobacco?Smithoncewrote, whichA.Theywereprofitabletocommoditiesmanufacture.nowherenesaries oflife,B.Theywereinever-whi

26、ch ofhave almosteobjectsincreasing demand.universal which are,C.Theyweresubjecttoconsumption, andtaxation almost everywhere.therefore,extremely popularD.Theywerenolongersubjects of taxation. considered nesities of life.典型例后题续完整21课6程获.1取，2联p系研a梦s会sP90m Smith say46. What diSugar,alcoholand Adamare are

27、aboutsugar,alcoholandtobacco,economist.tobacco?Smithoncewrote, whichA.Theywereprofitabletocommoditiesmanufacture.nowherenesaries oflife,B.Theywereinever-which ofhave almosteobjectsincreasing demand.universal which are,C.Theyweresubjecttoconsumption, andtaxation almost everywhere.therefore,extremely

28、popularD.Theywerenolongersubjects of taxation. considered nesities of life.典型例后题续完整21课6程获.1取，2联p系研a梦s会sP90 Two and a47.Whyhavemanycountrieshaft centuriesstarted to consider taxing sugar?on,mostcountriesimeA.Theyareundergrowingsome andsortof taxonalcohol surging putting publicprere to balance their n

29、ationaltobacco.Withbudgets.B. They find it ever harder to copeobesity increasinglevels strainonwithsugar-inducedhealthhealth systems,ernmentsproblems.around the world have begun to toy with the idea of taxing sugar as well.C.Thepractice oftaxingalcoholandtobaccohasprovedbothpopular and profitable.D.

30、 The sugar industry is overtaking alcohol and tobacco business in generating profits.典型例后题续完整21课6程获.1取，2联p系研a梦s会sP90 Two and a47.Whyhavemanycountrieshaft centuriesstarted to consider taxing sugar?on,mostcountriesimeA.Theyareundergrowingsome andsortof taxonalcohol surging putting publicprere to balan

31、ce their nationaltobacco.Withbudgets.B. They find it ever harder to copeobesity increasinglevels strainonwithsugar-inducedhealthhealth systems,ernmentsproblems.around the world have begun to toy with the idea of taxing sugar as well.C.Thepractice oftaxingalcoholandtobaccohasprovedbothpopular and pro

32、fitable.D. The sugar industry is overtaking alcohol and tobacco business in generating profits.典型例后题续完整2Whether such taxes1课6程获.1取，2联p系研a梦s会sP90is48. What do we learn about Danish taxation on fat-rich foods?workamatterofdebate.AofA.Itdidnotworkoutas wellaspreliminaryreviewwas expected.B. It gave ris

33、e to a lot of problems on the border.Mexicos taxation found a fallin purchases oftaxed drinksas well as a rise in sales ofC.Itcouldnotsucceedwithoutuntaxed and By contrast,healthier drinks.German cooperation.aDanish tax onD. It met with firm the food industry.opitionfromfoodshighinfatswasabandoned a

34、yearafteritst it toroduction, amid claimsconsumerswereavoiding borderbycrossingtheGermanytosatisfytheirdesire for cher, fattier fare.典型例后题续完整2Whether such taxes1课6程获.1取，2联p系研a梦s会sP90is48. What do we learn about Danish taxation on fat-rich foods?workamatterofdebate.AofA.Itdidnotworkoutas wellasprelim

35、inaryreviewwas expected.B. It gave rise to a lot of problems on the border.Mexicos taxation found a fallin purchases oftaxed drinksas well as a rise in sales ofC.Itcouldnotsucceedwithoutuntaxed and By contrast,healthier drinks.German cooperation.aDanish tax onD. It met with firm the food industry.op

36、itionfromfoodshighinfatswasabandoned ayearafteritst it toroduction, amid claimsconsumerswereavoiding borderbycrossingtheGermanytosatisfytheirdesire for cher, fattier fare.典型例后题续完整21课6程获.1取，2联p系研a梦s会sP9049. What is the more recent effortThefood beenindustryhas,ined to action.byfoodcompaniestomake hea

37、lthygeneral,firmlyopfoodsanddrinksbothsuchdirecternmentand tasty?Nonetheless, the renewed focusA.Replacingsugarorsaltwithon waistlines meanst industryalternative ingredients.B. Setting a limit on the amount ofgroupsareund theirrereto aredemonstrateproductssugar or saltheir products.healthy as well a

38、s tasty.C.InvestinginresearchtofindOverthepastthreedecades,ways needs.toadapttoconsumerstheindustryhasmadesomeeffortstoimprovethequalityofD.comAdjustingthephysicalits offerings. For exle, someition of their products.drink manufacturers have cut theamountofsugarheirbeverages.典型例后题续完整21课6程获.1取，2联p系研a梦

39、s会sP90the49. What is the more recent effortMany pastof 30thereductionsover beenbyfoodcompaniestomake healthyyearshavefoodsanddrinksbothachievedeitherby reducingtheand tasty?amount of product, alternative recently, companiessugar, salt or fat in aA.Replacingsugarorsaltwithorbyfindingan Morealternativ

40、e ingredients.B. Setting a limit on the amount ofingredient. however,somesugar or saltheir products.havebeeninvesting ambitiousC.Investinginresearchtofindmoneyinamore learningways needs.toadapttoconsumersundertaking:howtoadjust the fundamental make-upD.comAdjustingthephysicalof the food they sell. F

41、or exle, but theition of their products.havingsaltontheoutside, redunone on the inside, salt content witho taste.hanging the典型例后题续完整21课6程获.1取，2联p系研a梦s会sP90the49. What is the more recent effortMany pastof 30thereductionsover beenbyfoodcompaniestomake healthyyearshavefoodsanddrinksbothachievedeitherby

42、 reducingtheand tasty?amount of product, alternative recently, companiessugar, salt or fat in aA.Replacingsugarorsaltwithorbyfindingan Morealternative ingredients. （ 时态错误）ingredient. however,someB. Setting a limit on the amount ofhavebeeninvesting ambitioussugarorsaltheirproducts.moneyinamore learni

43、ng（时态错误）undertaking:howtoC.Investinginresearchtofindadjust the fundamental make-upwaystoadapttoconsumersof the food they sell. For exle, but theneeds.（无中生有）havingsaltontheoutside, reduD.Adjustingthephysicalnone on the inside, salt content witho ition of their products.hanging the典型例后题续完整21课6程获.1取，2联

44、p系研a梦s会sP9050. What does the author mean byWhilereformulatingrecipes( 配方) issaying, passage,atThereof nothe silveraytoimproveispublic health,it should be part of approach. The keybullet ( Line 4, Para.7)?a multi-sidedA.Thereisnosingleeasyquickis to remembert there is notsolution to the problem.justonesolution.TodealwithB.Thereisnohopeofsucsobesity, a mixture of approaches-without public cooperation.C. There is no hurry in finding ways to solve the obesity problem.-including reformulation,taxationand beadjustingportionsizes-willneeded.ThereisnosilverD.Thereisnoef