猪的呼吸道病

1、Pig Respiratory Disease Control猪呼吸道病控制的基本点作者：Dr. L.D. Firkins, DVM, MS, MBAUniversity of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine美国伊利诺斯大学兽医学院 Causes of Respiratory Disease引起呼吸道病的原因Bacteria- 细菌- Involved in almost all respiratory disease. 几乎与所有呼吸道病都有关- Respiratory tract is warm, moist, and nutrient ri

2、ch, thus ideal for bacteria.呼吸道温暖，潮湿，有营养，是细菌理想的生存环境Causes of Respiratory Disease引起呼吸道病的原因BacteriaMost bacteria reach the lungs via the air, but some reach the lungs via the blood, are trapped in the capillary network.多数细菌通过空气进入肺部，一些由血液到达肺部后被 毛细血管网吸附Causes of Respiratory Disease 引起呼吸道病的原因Virus-病毒Viru

3、ses generally enter pig via airways.病毒通常由空气进入猪体内Viruses are looking for cells to take over.病毒在寻找细胞以取代之Causes of Respiratory Disease 引起呼吸道病的原因Viruses damage cells lining the respiratory tract, and damage immune cells in resp. tract.病毒破坏呼吸道内的细胞，进而破坏呼吸道内的免疫细胞If the pig survives, it becomes immune, but

4、may become a “carrier”.如果猪幸免一死，变得有免疫力，也可能变成携带者Factors Affecting Respiratory DiseaseExtreme heat 过热Chilling 过冷Parasite migration 寄生虫入侵Toxic gases H2S, NH4 有毒气体支原体 MycoplasmaSlowly developing, chronic infection.缓慢发病，慢性感染By itself, seldom makes pig obviously sick.支原体本身很少引起猪明显的表现疾病支原体 MycoplasmaDamage t

5、o defenses of lung leads to serious bacterial lung disease, especially if in combination with viruses such as pseudorabies and PRRS.肺部防御系统的破坏，尤其当病毒如伪狂犬病和蓝耳病，同时侵入时，引致严重的细菌性肺部疾病，Vaccination + All-in/All-out produces best control of this problem. Pulse medication may be needed免疫+全进全出式管理，控制疾病效果理想。胸膜肺炎放线

6、杆菌 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeThis bacteria produces a potent tissue-destroying toxin.此细菌产生可能破坏组织的毒素Sudden death with bloody froth at nose is typical.典型症状是鼻腔泡沫性出血，突然死亡Death loss can be more than 10% in growing pigs.生长猪的死亡率可高于 10胸膜肺炎放线杆菌 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeLung lesions are typical but

7、 can be confused with salmonella. Can be in combination with PRV.肺病变是典型症状，但易与沙门氏杆菌混淆，可能与伪狂犬病共同发作 Injectable antibiotics essential in outbreak. 爆发期间应注射抗生素All-in/All-out, Better ventilation, Vaccines全进全出，较好的通风，免疫Strategies Against Circovirus & Influenza圆环病毒和流感的防制策略Increasing problems for producers发病越来

8、越多Tremendous economic impact on production造成巨大经济损失Tremendous frustration with producers and veterinarians给养猪者和收益带来巨大挫折Requires farm specific diagnostic and prevention efforts from producers and their veterinarians诊断和预防措施必须因猪场情况不同而异Circovirus: PCV2, PMWS圆环病毒: 断奶后多系统消耗性综合征Post-weaning Multisystemic Wa

9、sting Syndrome PMWS断奶后多系统消耗性综合征Porcine Circovius type 2: PCV2 型猪圆环病毒PCV2First cases in 1991 首例报道于1991年Circovirus Diagnosis圆环病毒诊断Clinical signs: Wasting and weight loss with swollen lymph nodes临床症状: 消耗性瘦弱，体重减轻，淋巴结肿胀Histologic lesions: Depletion of lymphoid tissues 组织学病变: 淋巴组织衰竭PCV2 infection: Prefera

10、bly via demonstration of PCV2 antigen (IHC) PCV2 感染: 最常通过显现PCV2抗原(IHC)PMWS: Circovirus断奶后多系统消耗性综合征：圆环病毒Material and slides in this presentation provided by two leading researchers in this area:本讲座中的材料和投影片由本地区主要研究人员提供Dr. Xiang-Jin Meng (originally from China), Virginia Tech 孟博士(原本来自中国)，弗吉尼亚理工学院Dr. Pa

11、t Halbur, Iowa State University Pat Halbur博士，伊阿华州立大学Trend in total cases of PCV2-associated diseases at ISU-VDL与PCV2有关疾病总发病情况的趋势(伊阿华州立大学)PCV2 Associated PneumoniaPCV2引起的肺炎Complicated (add PRRSV, SIV, M. hyo., etc)复杂(加上猪繁殖和呼吸综合征，猪流感病毒，猪肺炎支原体)Dyspnea/thumping, coughing, wasting, ulcers at 4-20 weeks o

12、f age 420周龄呼吸困难、咳嗽、溃疡Poor response to conventional treatment protocols 常规治疗效果不佳Often the submitting veterinarian suspects proliferative ileitis or salmonellosis 送检的兽医常常怀疑是增生性回肠炎或沙门氏菌病Usually have moderately thickened small intestine that is easily confused grossly with ileitis 常见小肠有一定程度的增厚，从眼观病变上看容易

13、与回肠炎混淆Abundant PCV2 antigen in lamina propria and Peyers patches associated with the lesions病灶中常见粘膜固有层和派伊尔氏淋巴集结中有PCV2抗原PCV2 Associated EnteritisPCV2引起的肠炎Most common in gilt litters or new start-up herds 最常见于头胎仔猪和新建立的猪群中May involve mixing PCV2 negative/positive sources?可能由于PCV2阴性和阳性来源的猪混群饲养Increased

14、mummified fetuses, abortions, stillbirths胎儿木乃伊化、流产、死产数增加Typically very sporadic and short duration with minimal losses通常呈现非常散发性，并且持续期也短，损失很小PCV2 Reproductive FailurePCV2所致繁殖障碍The Role of Co-Infections并发感染的作用PCV2 and Parvovirus co-infection increases the incidence and severity of clinical signs PCV2和

15、细小病毒感染同时发生，会提高发病率并加重临床症状PCV2 and Mycoplasma co-infection results in severe disease characterized by coughing, labored breathing, lethargy and decreased growth PCV2和支原体同时感染会加重病情，表现为咳嗽、呼吸困难、嗜睡和生长缓慢Control of PCV2-Asscociated Diseases 美国对PCV2所致疾病的防制Confirm PMWS/PCV2 by histopath, IHC通过组织病理学和免疫组织化学确诊断奶后

16、多系统消耗性综合征/PCV2Identify and control concurrent viral infections 鉴别和控制并发的病毒感染eliminate/control PRRSV if possible 有可能时应清除或控制猪繁殖和呼吸综合征病毒focus on breeding herd stabilization and pig flow注意对种猪群进行稳定化以及猪的生产流程work to avoid simultaneous co-infection注意避免混合感染eliminate/control SIV with vaccination of sow herd通过对

17、母猪群进行免疫接种来清除或控制猪流感病毒proper timing of SIV vaccination of pigs在正确的时机进行猪流感免疫接种further explore role of Parvo and use of PPV vaccine进一步探索细小病毒的作用并使用猪细小病毒疫苗models and field trials support a role in some herds模型和现场试验证实细小病毒在某些猪群中有作用。Control of PCV2-Asscociated Diseases in the USA美国对PCV2所致疾病的防制Control of PCV2

18、-Associated Disease对断奶后多系统消耗性综合征和PCV2所致疾病的防制Minimize effects of M. hyo. with vaccines and/or antimicrobials用疫苗和/或抗菌药减轻猪肺炎支原体的危害Further evaluate correlation of PMWS with certain vaccines or timing of vaccination进一步评估断奶后系统消耗性综合征与某些疫苗以及免疫接种时机的关系Change products and/or timing of vaccination改换疫苗品种和/或免疫接种时

19、机Aggressive treatment of bacterial coinfections加大对细菌性并发感染的治疗力度Use of anti-inflammatories is often beneficial使用抗炎药物常常很有好处Control of PCV2-Associated Disease对断奶后多系统消耗性综合征和PCV2所致疾病的防制Pull sick pigs清除病猪Long term shedding in essentially all body fluids长期通过几乎所有的体液排出病毒Back up 1-2 stages on diet in sick penP

20、lasma protein supplements补充血浆蛋白质Control of PCV2-Associated Disease对断奶后多系统消耗性综合征和PCV2所致疾病的防制Focus on pig comfort!注重猪的舒适!Appropriate pig density and AIAO flow猪的饲养密度要适当，实行全进全出Good air quality and appropriate temp保持优良的空气质量和适中的温度Use effective disinfectants (Virkon-S) between groups每饲养一批猪之后用有效的消毒剂(Virkon-

21、S)进行消毒PCV2 vaccines on the horizon PCV2疫苗即将诞生Control of PCV2-Associated Disease对断奶后多系统消耗性综合征和PCV2所致疾病的防制Swine Influenza Virus Historically历史上的猪流感病毒3 6 days and its over 36天即结束Everyone is sick at one time每头猪都同时发病Fall and Spring秋季和春季Lateral transmission水平传播Its the same every time每次都相同Swine Influenza V

22、irus 猪流感病毒Currently 当前Chronic or long duration disease 慢性，持续时间长Days to weeks in group 一群猪可病数天至数周Vertical Transmission 垂直传播Young and old pigs 幼猪和年长猪都可受到感染Variation 病情多变What Changed? The Virus 是什么变了？是病毒变了H1N1 since 1930 1930年以来是H1N1H2N3 in 1998 1998年是H2N3H1N2 recently 最近是H1N2Atypical H1N1 非典型的H1N1Uniq

23、ue strains 独特的毒株Goals of SIV Control Strategy 猪流感病毒防制策略的目标Create consistent level of herd immunity to:Minimize the risk of continued transmission 减小持续传播的风险Minimize clinical effects if the sow herd is exposed to SIV如果母猪群接触了猪流感病毒，可减轻临床症状Produce a consistent level of maternal antibody in piglets at wea

24、ning resulting in: 使仔猪在断奶时具有一致的母源抗体水平，导致：Decay of maternal antibody in a majority of piglets to below protective levels in a narrow period post weaning.大多数仔猪的母源抗体在断奶后短时间内减少到低于保护力的水平以下Reduced risk of weaning SIV infected piglets减少断奶时仔猪感染猪流感病毒的机会Goals of SIV Control Strategy 猪流感病毒防制策略的目标Vaccination Pr

25、otocols免疫程序Vaccination of breeding herd twice a year 种猪群每年免疫接种二次Use of bivalent commercial vaccines 采用二价商品苗Use of autogenous vaccines 采用自家疫苗Determining the rate of maternal antibody decay 测定母源抗体衰减速度Vaccination of the finisher pig对肥育猪进行免疫SIV Challenges猪流感病毒的难题Cross protection from commercial vaccines

26、 商品疫苗的交叉保护力Effectiveness of autogenous vaccines 自家疫苗的有效性Virus moving away from vaccine pressure 病毒在疫苗的压力下被清除Recombination of virus strains不同毒株的重组Human role in transmission/interaction 人在病毒传播/相互作用中的作用Strategies for Respiratory Disease Control 呼吸道病控制的策略Isolation of New Breeding Stock for 30-60 days新到种

27、猪隔离3060天Strategic Antibiotic Therapy策略性抗生素疗法Pulse Medication冲击量用药Pre/Post-weaning Medication 断奶前后用药Subtherapeutic levels have no effect.亚治疗水平用药无效Strategies for Respiratory Disease Control 呼吸道病控制的策略2. Environmental Management 全进全出Temperature control温度控制heat热cold冷Pen Stocking, Mixing, Moving圈养密度，混群，转移Ventilation -通风Moisture control湿度控制Reduce airborne pathogens减少空气传播的病原Strategies