2022全国大学英语四级考试试题

1、6月全国大学英语四级考试试题（一）Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Choosing an Occupation. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 高考刚刚结束，回忆自己当年在高考时刻旳想法（紧张、兴奋、恐惊等）2. 对于“高考那段时间，是我人生文化水平旳巅峰”旳见

2、解3.对于高考一考定终身旳见解和建议。Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in t

3、he passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage。For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage。 Will We Run Out of Water?Picture a “ghost ship” sinking into

4、 the sand, left to rot on dry land by a receding sea. Then imagine dust storms sweeping up toxic pesticides and chemical fertilizers from the dry seabed and spewing them across towns and villages。Seem like a scene from a movie about the end of the world? For people living near the Aral Sea in Centra

5、l Asia, its all too real. Thirty years ago, government planners diverted the rivers that flow into the sea in order to irrigate(provide water for)farmland. As a result, the sea has shrunk to half its original size, stranding ships on dry land. The seawater has tripled in salt content and become poll

6、uted, killing all 24 native species of fish。Similar large-scale efforts to redirect water in other parts of the world have also ended in ecological crisis, according to numerous environmental groups. But many countries continue to build massive dams and irrigation systems, even though such projects

7、can create more problems than they fix. Why? People in many parts of the world are desperate for water, and more people will need more water in the next century。“Growing populations will worsen problems with water,” says Peter H. Gleick, an environmental scientist at the Pacific Institute for studie

8、s in Development, Environment, and Security, a research organization in California. He fears that by the year 2025, as many as onethird of the worlds projected 8.3 billion people will suffer from water shortages。Where Water GoesOnly 2.5 percent of all water on Earth is freshwater, water suitable for

9、 drinking and growing food, says Sandra Postel, director of the Global Water Policy Project in Amherst, Mass. TwoSome precipitation runs off land to lakes and oceans, and some becomes groundwater, water that seeps into the earth. Much of this renewable freshwater ends up in remote places like the Am

10、azon river basin in Brazil, where few people live. In fact, the worlds population has access to only 12,500 cubic kilometers of freshwaterabout the amount of water in Lake Superior. And people use half of this amount already. “If water demand continues to climb rapidly,” says Postel, “there will be

11、severe shortages and damage to the aquatic environment。”Close to HomeWater woes may seem remote to people living in rich countries like the United States. But Americans could face serious water shortages, too especially in areas that rely on groundwater. Groundwater accumulates in aquifers, layers o

12、f sand and gravel that lie between soil and bedrock. (For every liter of surface water, more than 90 liters are hidden underground。)Although the United States has large aquifers, farmers, ranchers, and cities are tapping many of them for water faster than nature can replenish it. In northwest Texas,

13、 for example, over pumping has shrunk groundwater supplies by 25 percent, according to Postel。Americans may face even more urgent problems from pollution. Drinking water in the United States is generally safe and meets high standards. Nevertheless, one in five Americans every day unknowingly drinks

14、tap water contaminated with bacteria and chemical wastes, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. In Milwaukee, 400,000 people fell ill in 1993 after drinking tap water tainted with cryptosporidium, a microbe that causes fever, diarrhea and vomiting。The SourceWhere do contaminants come fro

15、m? In developing countries, people dump raw sewage into the same streams and rivers from which they draw water for drinking and cooking; about 250 million people a year get sick from water borne diseases。In developed countries, manufacturers use 100,000 chemical compounds to make a wide range of pro

16、ducts. Toxic chemicals pollute water when released untreated into rivers and lakes. (Certain compounds, such as polychlorinated biphenyls, or PCBs, have been banned in the United States。)But almost everyone contributes to water pollution. People often pour household cleaners, car antifreeze, and pai

17、nt thinners down the drain; all of these contain hazardous chemicals. Scientists studying water in the San Francisco Bay reported in 1996 that 70 percent of the pollutants could be traced to household waste。Farmers have been criticized for overusing herbicides and pesticides, chemicals that kill wee

18、ds and insects but that pollute water as well. Farmers also use nitrates, nitrogen-rich fertilizer that help plants grow but that can wreak havoc on the environment. Nitrates are swept away by surface runoff to lakes and seas. Too many nitrates “over enrich” these bodies of water, encouraging the bu

19、ildup of algae, or microscopic plants that live on the surface of the water. Algae deprive the water of oxygen that fish need to survive, at times choking off life in an entire body of water。Whats the Solution?Water expert Gleick advocates conservation and local solutions to water-related problems;

20、governments, for instance, would be better off building small-scale dams rather than huge and disruptive projects like the one that ruined the Aral Sea。“More than 1 billion people worldwide dont have access to basic clean drinking water,” says Gleick。“There has to be a strong push on the part of eve

21、ryonegovernments and ordinary peopleto make sure we have a resource so fundamental to life。”1. That the huge water projects have diverted the rivers causes the Aral Sea to shrink。2. The construction of massive dams and irrigation projects does more good than harm。3. The chief causes of water shortag

22、e are population growth and water pollution。4. The problems Americans face concerning water are groundwater shrinkage and tap water pollution。5. According to the passage all water pollutants come from household waste。6. The people living in the United States will not be faced with water shortages。7.

23、 Water expert Gleick has come up with the best solution to water-related problems。1.YNNG2.YNNG3.YNNG4.YNNG5.YNNG6.YNNG7.YNNG8. According to Peter H. Gleick, by the year 2025, as many as of the worlds people will suffer from water shortages。9.Two thirds of the freshwater on Earth is locked in。10.In d

24、eveloped countries, before toxic chemicals are released into rivers and lakes, they should be treated in order to avoid。Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, on

25、e or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A,B,CandD, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding lett

26、er on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre。11.AWait for the sale to start。BGet further information about the sale。CCall the TV station to be sure if the ad is true。DBuy a new suit。12.AHe doesnt think that John is ill。BHe thinks that perhaps John is not in very good health。CHe is awar

27、e that John is ill。DHe doesnt think that John has a very good knowledge of physics。13.ABefore six。BAt six。CAfter six。DAfter seven。14.AIt is bigger。BIt has a prettier color。CIt has a larger yard。DIt is brighter。15.AAustralian and American。BGuest and host。CHusband and wife。DProfessor and student。16.A1

28、30.B1100.C930.D1000.17.AHe prefers staying at home because the bus is too late。BHe prefers staying at home because he doesnt like to travel。CHe prefers taking a bus because the plane makes him nervous。DHe prefers traveling with the woman。18.AHe thinks she should visit her cousin。BHer cousin doesnt v

29、isit very often。CHer cousin is feeling a lot better today。DHe doesnt think her cousin has been at home today。Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard。19.ATwo different types of bones in the human body。BHow bones help the body move。CHow bones continuously repair themselves

30、。DThe chemical composition of human bones。20.AThey defend the bone against viruses。BThey prevent oxygen from entering the bone。CThey break down bone tissue。DThey connect the bone to muscle tissue。21.AThey have difficulty identifying these cells。BThey arent sure how these cells work。CTheyve learned h

31、ow to reproduce these cells。DTheyve found similar cells in other species。22.ATo learn how to prevent a bone disease。BTo understand differences between bone tissue and other tissue。CTo find out how specialized bone cells have evolved。DTo create artificial bone tissue。Questions 23 to 25 are based on t

32、he conversation you have just heard。19.ATwo different types of bones in the human body。BHow bones help the body move。CHow bones continuously repair themselves。DThe chemical composition of human bones。20.AThey defend the bone against viruses。BThey prevent oxygen from entering the bone。CThey break dow

33、n bone tissue。DThey connect the bone to muscle tissue。21.AThey have difficulty identifying these cells。BThey arent sure how these cells work。CTheyve learned how to reproduce these cells。DTheyve found similar cells in other species。22.ATo learn how to prevent a bone disease。BTo understand differences

34、 between bone tissue and other tissue。CTo find out how specialized bone cells have evolved。DTo create artificial bone tissue。Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard。23.AA new fuel for buses。BThe causes of air pollution。CA way to improve fuel efficiency in buses。DCareers

35、in environmental engineering。24.AHer car is being repaired。BShe wants to help reduce pollution。CParking is difficult in the city。DThe cost of fuel has increased。25.AA fuel that burns cleanly。BAn oil additive that helps cool engines。CA material from which filters are made。DAn insulating material spra

36、yed on engine parts。Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B

37、, Cand D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre。Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard。26.AFrom three to five months。BThree months。CFive months。DFour months。27.AWatch traffic。BObey commands。CCross streets safely。

38、DGuard the door。28.AThree weeks。BTwo weeks。CFour weeks。DFive weeks。Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard。29.ATwo to four times。BFour to six times。CFour to eight times。DSix to ten times。30.ASleeping pills made people go into REM sleep quickly。BPeople had more drea

39、ms after they took sleeping pills。CPeople became angry easily because they didnt take sleeping pills。DSleeping pills prevented people from going into REM sleep。31.APeople dream so as to sleep better。BPeople dream in order not to go into REM sleep。CBecause they may run into difficult problems in thei

40、r dreams。DBecause in their dreams they may find the answers to their problems。Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard。32.AA sales representative。BA store manager。CA committee chairperson。DA class president。33.ATo determine who will graduate this year。BTo discuss

41、the seating arrangement。CTo choose the chairperson of the ceremonies。DTo begin planning the graduation ceremonies。34.ATheir names, phone numbers and job preference。BThe names and addresses of their guests。CThe names of the committee they worked on last year。DTheir dormitory name, address and phone n

42、umber。35.AIn an hour。BNext week。CIn one month。DNext year。Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in

43、the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in you own words. Finally, when th

44、e passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written。In the English (36)_system, students take three very important examinations. The first is the eleven-plus, which is (37)_ at the age of eleven or a little past. At one time the (38)_or (39)_ shown on the elevenplus would ha

45、ve (40)_if a child stayed in school. Now, however, all children continue in (41)_ schools, and the eleven-plus determines which courses of study the child will follow. At the age of fifteen or sixteen, the students are (42)_for the Ordinary (43)_of the General Certificate of Education. (44)_. Once s

46、tudents have passed this exam, they are allowed to specialize, so that twothirds or more of their courses will be in physics, chemistry, classical languages, or whatever they wish to study at greater length. (45)_. Even at the universities, students study only in their concentrated area, and very fe

47、w students ever venture out-side that subject again. (46)_。Part Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the pas

48、sage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once。Questions 47

49、 to 56 are based on the following passage。Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century. Early in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street. Main Street was always the 47 of a town. This street was lined on the both sides with many

50、 48 businesses. Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing, furniture, hardware, groceries. In addition, some shops offered 49 . There shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoe repair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops. But in the 1950s, a change began t

51、o 50 place. Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street while too few parking places were 51 to shoppers. Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces outside the city limits. Open space is what their car driving customers 52 . And open space is wh

52、at they got when the first shopping centre was built. Shopping centers, or rather malls, 53 as a collection of small new stores away from crowded city centers. Attracted by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from 54 areas to outlying malls. And the growing 55 of shopping cente

53、rs led in turn to the building of bigger and better stocked stores. By the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves. In addition to providing the 56 of the stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks, with benches, fountains, and outdoor enter

54、tainment。AdesignedFconvenienceKcosmeticsBtakeGservicesLstartedCheartHfameMdowntownDneededIvariousNavailableEthoughJpopularityOcheapnessSection BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choice

55、s marked A, B, Cand D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre。Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage。Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This

56、 system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an internatio

57、nal manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience。The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn cultureone has

58、to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonalds. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from conve

59、rging。The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international m

60、anager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness。Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patien