2010年4月全国自考试题汇总(公共课)

1、Unit 4 Electronic SystemLesson 12 Personal Computer Systems2022/8/12电子信息工程专业英语教程2Lesson 12 Personal Computer SystemsBackgroundsText tour Language in useVocabulary Structure Reading/writing techniques2022/8/12电子信息工程专业英语教程3Terminology CPURAM, ROM, BIOSCaching, Virtual memoryIDE Controller PCISCSI, AGP

2、 USB, FireWireDSL modem, VDSL modemOSBackgrounds2022/8/12电子信息工程专业英语教程4Terminology 2022/8/12电子信息工程专业英语教程5The microprocessor brain of the computer system is called the central processing unit. Everything that a computer does is overseen by the CPU. CPU64-bit Microprocessor2022/8/12电子信息工程专业英语教程6Random-

3、access memory (RAM) - Used to temporarily store information that the computer is currently working with Read-only memory (ROM) - A permanent type of memory storage used by the computer for important data that does not change Basic input/output system (BIOS) - A type of ROM that is used by the comput

4、er to establish basic communication when the computer is first turned on RAM,ROM,BIOSRAMs2022/8/12电子信息工程专业英语教程7Caching - The storing of frequently used data in extremely fast RAM that connects directly to the CPU Virtual memory - Space on a hard disk used to temporarily store data and swap it in and

5、 out of RAM as neededCaching, Virtual memory2022/8/12电子信息工程专业英语教程8Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) Controller - This is the primary interface for the hard drive, CD-ROM and floppy disk drive. IDE ControllerIDE Controller2022/8/12电子信息工程专业英语教程9Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) Bus - The most c

6、ommon way to connect additional components to the computer, PCI uses a series of slots on the motherboard that PCI cards plug into. PCIPCI card2022/8/12电子信息工程专业英语教程10SCSI - the small computer system interface is a method of adding additional devices, such as hard drives or scanners, to the computer.

7、 AGP - Accelerated Graphics Port is a very high-speed connection used by the graphics card to interface with the computer. SCSI, AGP2022/8/12电子信息工程专业英语教程11Universal Serial Bus (USB) - Quickly becoming the most popular external connection, USB ports offer power and versatility and are incredibly easy

8、 to use. FireWire (IEEE 1394) - FireWire is a very popular method of connecting digital-video devices, such as camcorders or digital cameras, to your computer. USB, FireWire2022/8/12电子信息工程专业英语教程12Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) modem - This is a high-speed connection that works over a standard telepho

9、ne line. Very high bit-rate DSL (VDSL) modem - A newer variation of DSL, VDSL requires that your phone line have fiber-optic cables. DSL modem, VDSL modem2022/8/12电子信息工程专业英语教程13Operating system - This is the basic software that allows the user to interface with the computer.OS2022/8/12电子信息工程专业英语教程14

10、Text tourOutline On the InsideConnectionsI/OsPorts Internet/network connection From Powerup to ShutdownBIOSOS2022/8/12电子信息工程专业英语教程15CPU MemoryRAMROMBIOS Virtual memoryCaching On the InsideCPU, memory2022/8/12电子信息工程专业英语教程16Motherboard the main circuit board ,all of the other internal components conne

11、ct to it.Power supplyAn electrical transformer regulates the electricity used by the computer. On the InsideMotherboard, Power supply2022/8/12电子信息工程专业英语教程17Hard disk This is large-capacity permanent storage used to hold information such as programs and documents. Operating system This is the basic s

12、oftware that allows the user to interface with the computer. On the InsideHard disk, Operating system 2022/8/12电子信息工程专业英语教程18Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) ControllerThis is the primary interface for the hard drive, CD-ROM and floppy disk drive. Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) BusThe mos

13、t common way to connect additional components to the computer, PCI uses a series of slots on the motherboard that PCI cards plug into. SCSIthe small computer system interface is a method of adding additional devices, such as hard drives or scanners, to the computer. AGPAccelerated Graphics Port is a

14、 very high-speed connection used by the graphics card to interface with the computer. On the InsideIDE controller, PCI Bus, SCSI, AGP2022/8/12电子信息工程专业英语教程19Sound cardThis is used by the computer to record and play audio by converting analog sound into digital information and back again. Graphics car

15、d This translates image data from the computer into a format that can be displayed by the monitorOn the InsideSound card, Graphics cardSound card2022/8/12电子信息工程专业英语教程20Monitor Keyboard Mouse Removable storageFloppy disk CD-ROM Flash memory DVD-ROMConnectionsInput/output2022/8/12电子信息工程专业英语教程21Paralle

16、l This port is commonly used to connect a printer. Serial This port is typically used to connect an external modem. Universal Serial Bus (USB) FireWire (IEEE 1394)ConnectionsPorts 2022/8/12电子信息工程专业英语教程22Modem This is the standard method of connecting to the Internet. Local area network (LAN) cardThi

17、s is used by many computers, particularly those in an Ethernet office network, to connected to each other. Cable modem Some people now use the cable-television system in their home to connect to the Internet. ConnectionsInternet/network connections 2022/8/12电子信息工程专业英语教程23Digital Subscriber Line (DSL

18、) modem This is a high-speed connection that works over a standard telephone line. Very high bit-rate DSL (VDSL) modem A newer variation of DSL, VDSL requires that your phone line have fiber-optic cables. ConnectionsInternet/network connections 2022/8/12电子信息工程专业英语教程24POSTThe BIOS determines whether

19、the video card is operational.The BIOS checks to see if this is a cold boot or a reboot.If it is a cold boot, the BIOS verifies RAM by performing a read/write test of each memory address.The BIOS looks at the sequence of storage devices identified as boot devices in the CMOS Setup.The bootstrap load

20、er loads the operating system into memory and allows it to begin operation From Power-up to ShutdownBIOS2022/8/12电子信息工程专业英语教程25Processor managementBreaking the tasks down into manageable chunks and prioritizing them before sending to the CPUMemory management Coordinating the flow of data in and out

21、of RAM and determining when virtual memory is necessary Device managementProviding an interface between each device connected to the computer, the CPU and applications From Power-up to ShutdownOS2022/8/12电子信息工程专业英语教程26Storage management Directing where data will be stored permanently on hard drives

22、and other forms of storage Application Interface Providing a standard communications and data exchange between software programs and the computer User Interface Providing a way for you to communicate and interact with the computer From Power-up to ShutdownOS2022/8/12电子信息工程专业英语教程27Vocabulary facet ap

23、pliance virtual regulate sequence interfaceLanguage in use2022/8/12电子信息工程专业英语教程28Vocabulary2022/8/12电子信息工程专业英语教程29Facet in dictionaryOne of numerous aspects, as of a subject; a phase.某一方面2022/8/12电子信息工程专业英语教程30Facet in textWhen you mention the word technology, most people think about computers. Virt

24、ually every facet of our lives has some computerized component. 一提到“技术”这个词，多数人都会想到计算机。实际上，和计算机相关的事物出现在我们生活中的方方面面。2022/8/12电子信息工程专业英语教程31Appliance in dictionaryA device or instrument designed to perform a specific function, especially an electrical device, such as a toaster, for household use.器具，用具A

25、dental or surgical device designed to perform a therapeutic or corrective function.医疗器械2022/8/12电子信息工程专业英语教程32Appliance in text The appliances in our homes have microprocessors built into them, as do our televisions. Even our cars have a computer.电视机等家用电器内部就有微处理器，汽车里也有计算机。 2022/8/12电子信息工程专业英语教程33App

26、liance in usecontrol appliance 控制设备conveying appliance 输送装置diving appliances 潜水用具electric appliance 电器first-aid appliance 急救用品household appliances 家用电器lifting appliance 升降设备measuring appliance 测量器具2022/8/12电子信息工程专业英语教程34Virtual in dictionaryExisting or resulting in essence or effect though not in ac

27、tual fact, form, or name:实质上的，实际上的Existing in the mind, especially as a product of the imagination.虚的，内心的2022/8/12电子信息工程专业英语教程35Virtual in text Virtual memory - Space on a hard disk used to temporarily store data and swap it in and out of RAM as needed 虚拟存储器：用于暂存数据和在需要时和RAM交换数据的硬盘空间。2022/8/12电子信息工程专

28、业英语教程36Virtual in use Virtual ampere value 有效安培值Virtual height 有效高度Virtual image 虚像Virtual ground 虚地Virtual circuit 虚电路Virtual reality 虚拟现实2022/8/12电子信息工程专业英语教程37Regulate in dictionaryTo control or direct according to rule, principle, or law.管理To adjust to a particular specification or requirement:调

29、节To adjust (a mechanism) for accurate and proper functioning.调整To put or maintain in order:保持或使有条理2022/8/12电子信息工程专业英语教程38Regulate in textPower supply - An electrical transformer regulates the electricity used by the computer. 电源：一种为计算机提供电能的电源管理器。2022/8/12电子信息工程专业英语教程39Regulate in use absolute pressu

30、re regulator 绝对压力调节器buck-and-boost regulator 电压升降调节器capacity regulator 电容调节器diode voltage regulator 二极管稳压器electronic regulator 电子稳压器 linear regulator 线性调节器phase regulator 相位调节器, 调相器power-factor regulator 功率因数调节器2022/8/12电子信息工程专业英语教程40Interface in dictionaryA surface forming a common boundary between adjacent regions, bodies, substances, or phases.界面A point at which independent systems or diverse groups interact:接合点The point of interaction or communication between a comp