外科学教学课件：外科学绪论

1、外科学绪论Introduction of Surgery一、现代外科学的发展 Development of Modern Surgery奠基于19世纪40年代先后解决了止痛、感染、 止血和输血等问题迅速发展阶段：20世纪50年代以来，特别是近30年，发展飞速微创外科：21世纪外科发展主要方向之一外科的专业化发展1. 解剖学是外科学的基石解剖学 AnatomyJohn Hunter (1728-1793), the father of experimental surgery and a superb anatomist and teacher.麻醉 AnesthesiaWillam t.G.

2、Morton (1819-1868), a Boston dentist whose successful demonstration of ether anesthesia on October 16, 1846, at the Massachusetts Gneeral Hospital was a landmark in the history of surgery（1846年美国Morton首先采用了乙醚作为全身麻醉剂）3. 抗菌术 AntisepsisJoseph Lister (1827-1912), the originator of antiseptic surgery（186

3、7年英国Lister石碳酸溶液冲洗手术器械）输血 Blood transfusionRichard Lewisohn (1875-1961), a surgeon at the Mount Sinai Hospital, introduced the modern technique of blood transfusion, developed from his discovery of a method of preventing coagulation of the blood outside the body.Karl Landsteiner (1868-1943), one of t

4、he first scientists to study the physical processes of immunity. He is best known for his identification and characterization of the human blood groups, A, B, and O.Theodor Kocher (1841-1917), professor of surgery at the University of Berne and pioneer in the development of surgery of the thyoid. He

5、 received the Nobel Prize in 1909.Theodor Billroth (1829-1894), professor at the University of Vienna and pioneer abdominal surgeon, Billroth was one of the most influential teachers of his time.Innovators & Pioneers in SurgeryJohn H. Gibbon (1903-1973), pioneer cardiothoracic surgeon who developed

6、extracorporeal circulation.Alexis Carrel (1873-1944), an experimental surgeon interested in wound healing, tissue culture, organ transplantation, and blood vessel anastomosis. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1912.二、外科学范畴Category of Surgery外科疾病分类Classification of Surgical Diseases1) 损伤 Trauma mecha

7、nical thermal chemical electrical2) 感染 Infection3) 肿瘤 Neoplasia Benign, Malignant4) 畸形 Anatomical abnormalities Congenital, Acquired损伤：“钢筋男”化脓性阑尾炎和坏疽性胆囊炎丹毒和肝脓肿胃癌和肝癌结肠粘液性癌腹腔内广泛转移（腹腔镜探查所见）白色结节及胶冻样液 肠管粘连改变及胶冻样液 结肠粘液性癌腹腔内转移（腹腔镜下所见）5) 内分泌功能失调 Metabolic & Hormonal disorder6) 梗塞与缺血 Infarction & Ischamia7)

8、其它 Others梗阻Obstruction寄生虫病Parasite diseases静脉曲张Vein varicose 结 石 stone肠梗阻胆囊结石合影肝内外胆管结石患者2. 外科专业发展 Development of Surgical Specialties工作对象和性质实验外科 Eexperimental Surgery临床外科 Clinical Surgery2) 人体解剖系统骨科 Arthrosteopedic surgery颌面外科Dentofacial surgery心胸外科Cardiothoracic surgery泌尿外科Urologic surgery神经外科Neuro

9、surgery普通外科General surgery(腹部外科) Abdominal surgery3) 性病性质 肿瘤外科Neoplastic surgery急症外科Emergency surgery创伤外科Trauma surgery烧伤外科Burn surgery4) 手术方式整复外科Plastic surgery显微外科Microsurgery移植外科Transplantation微创外科Minimally invasive surgery5) 年龄 小儿外科Pediatric Surgery 成人外科Adult Surgery6) 专业 妇科Gynecology 耳鼻喉科Otolar

10、yngology 眼科Ophthalmology3.微创外科：21世纪外科发展 主要方向之一开腹胆囊切除和腹腔镜胆囊切除开腹阑尾切除和腹腔镜阑尾切除术腹腔镜阑尾切除术后本人首例经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术单孔腹腔镜联合手术2010年10月15日下午，本人完成温州市首例经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊阑尾联合切除术。 3D腹腔镜手术达芬奇手术系统三、如何学习外科How to learn surgery外科医师的职业道德 Moral Character理论联系实践Theory and Practice外科基础Basic theoryBasic knowledgeBasic technique三 怎样学习外科学做事先做人切忌“先入为主”手术并不是外科学的全部理论结合实际重视“三基” 的掌握科学、严谨、多思Spunk of tiger 胆大形象化的要求Some figure of speech about the basic demandsEyes of eagle 眼明Hands of women 手巧Heart of mother 心细什么是最快乐的？ 1、经过千辛万苦将肿瘤切除的外科医生2、完成了作品，叼着烟斗自我欣赏的 画家3、正在给婴儿洗澡的母亲 美国读者文摘的一段征询学 问- Learn to find questions- Learn to ask questions- Learn to s