四川盆地龙王庙组优质储层形成与分布的主控因素

1、四川盆地龙王庙组优质储层形成与分布的主控因素刘树根1, 宋金民1, 赵异华2, 钟勇1, 宋林珂2, 田艳红1, 梁锋2, 尹柯惟1, 李俊良2(1.油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室(成都理工大学)，成都 610059;2.中国石油西南油气田公司川中油气矿, 四川 遂宁 629001)摘要 下寒武统龙王庙组是四川盆地安岳特大型气田的主力储层。本文基于盆地周缘露头、钻井岩心和薄片资料，通过龙王庙组地层对比、储层岩石学、物性特征、成岩作用等的研究，探讨了龙王庙组储层形成分布的控制因素。四川盆地龙王庙组整体上具有可对比性，储层岩性主要为粉-细晶（残余）砂屑白云岩、粉-细晶（残余）鲕粒白云岩、粉-细

2、晶白云岩。储层属于中低孔低渗型。孔隙度2%的储层厚度多在2060 m，川中磨溪地区较高石梯地区厚，向西北方向剥蚀，向东南方向厚度减小。龙王庙组储层形成和分布主要受控于3个因素：拉张槽继承性古地貌、同生期喀斯特作用和液态烃充注作用。拉张槽断层下盘形成的古地貌高地控制了龙王庙组颗粒滩的发育；同生期大气淡水溶蚀作用形成粒间溶孔和粒内溶孔，为后期成岩流体的进入和溶蚀孔洞的扩溶奠定了基础；生排烃高峰期的烃类充注作用，既能形成大量孔隙，又能对储层起到积极的保持作用。绵阳长宁拉张槽东西两侧断阶形成的古地貌高地控制了龙王庙组早期优质储层的形成和分布；中三叠世期间拉张槽内下寒武统供烃中心与川中古隆起重叠地区是龙

3、王庙组晚期优质储层最发育地区。四川盆地内龙王庙组优质储层最发育和天然气大规模成藏最有利地区均是绵阳-长宁拉张槽与川中古隆起相重叠区的东侧，即高石梯磨溪地区。关键词 储层；碳酸盐岩；下寒武统；龙王庙组；控制因素；四川盆地Controlling factors of formation and distribution of Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation high-quality reservoirs in Sichuan Basin, ChinaLIU Shu-gen1, SONG Jin-min1, ZHAO Yi-hua2, ZHONG Yong

4、1, SONG Lin-ke2, TIAN Yan-hong1, LIANG Feng2, YIN Ke-wei1, LI Jun-liang21.State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploration, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China;2.Central Sichuan Mining District, Southwest Oil and Gas Field Branch Company of CNPC, Suining 6290

5、01, ChinaAbstract: The Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation is the play of the Anyue supergiant gas field in Sichuan Basin. Based on the integrated study of the outcrops on the basin margin and the drilling cores in Sichuan Basin, this paper discusses the controlling factors of the formation and di

6、stribution of the high-quality reservoirs of the Longwangmiao Formation through the researches on the strata correlation, reservoir petrology, property characteristics and diagenesis etc. The Longwangmiao Formation could be well correlated in the basin scale, and the reservoir rocks are composed of

7、dolarenite dolomite, oolitic dolomite and crystalline dolomite. The reservoir is of the pore-fracture type with low porosity and low permeability. The reservoir thickness with the porosity over 2% is about 2060 m. The reservoir in the Moxi area is much thicker than that in the Gaoshiti area. The pen

8、econtemporaneous selective fresh water dissolution and liquid hydrocarbon filling have been controlled by the Early Cambrian Mianyang-Changning intracratonic sag to a certain extent. Three factors control the formation and distribution of the good-quality reservoir rocks in Longwangmiao Formation, t

9、hat is, the inherited palaeogeomorphology of the intracratonic sag, the contemporaneous karst and the liquid hydrocarbon filling. The paleohigh formed by the footwall of margin fault of the intracratonic sag controls the distribution of the grain bank of Longwangmiao Formation. The intergranular and

10、 intragranular dissolution pores produced by the contemporaneous atmospheric freshwater karstification are important for the upcoming fluid filling and further dissolution. The hydrocarbon filling at the peak period of the generation and expulsion of the source rocks is beneficial to the increase of

11、 pores and the protection of the previous pores. The paleohigh formed by the faults along the two sides of the Mianyang-Changning intracratonic sag controls the formation and distribution of the early high-quality reservoirs, and the overlapping areas of the Lower Cambrian hydrocarbon-generating cen

12、ter and the Chuanzhong paleouplift are the most favorable areas of the late good-quality reservoirs. The most profitable areas for the distribution of the high-quality reservoir rocks and natural gas accumulations in Longwangmiao Formation are the eastern part of the overlapping areas of the Mianyan

13、g-Changning intracratonic sag and the Chuanzhong paleouplift, that is, the Gaoshiti-Moxi area.Key words: reservoirs; carbonate; Lower Cambrian; Longwangmiao Formation; controlling factor; Sichuan Basin四川盆地中部龙王庙组储层成岩作用田艳红1, 刘树根1, 赵异华2, 宋金民1, 宋林珂2, 孙玮1, 梁锋2, 张长俊1, 李俊良2, 尹柯惟1, 王晨霞1, 吴娟1, 林彤1, 白志强1, 彭瀚霖

14、1, 陈会芝1（1.油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室（成都理工大学），成都 610059;2.中国石油 西南油气田公司 川中油气矿, 四川 遂宁 629001）摘要 四川盆地中部地区下寒武统龙王庙组是油气勘探研究的重点层位。根据钻井资料、测井数据、岩心观察、普通薄片、铸体薄片、阴极发光、碳氧稳定同位素和主元素等分析，对龙王庙组储层成岩作用进行了研究，结果表明为颗粒白云岩和晶粒白云岩是龙王庙组主要的储集岩性，成岩作用主要有建设性、破坏性和保持性。建设性成岩作用主要包括溶蚀、破裂和烃类(有机酸)充注作用，破坏性成岩作用主要包括压实和压溶作用，保持性成岩作用主要包括胶结、白云石化和泥晶化作用。揭示

15、了颗粒滩微相是龙王庙组优质碳酸盐岩储层发育的基础条件，海水白云石化、准同生期淡水溶蚀和烃类(有机酸)充注作用是优质储层形成的关键因素。关键词 四川盆地；下寒武统；龙王庙组；储层；成岩作用Diagenesis of Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation reservoirs in central area of Sichuan Basin, ChinaTIAN Yan-hong1, LIU Shu-gen1, ZHAO Yi-hua2, SONG Jin-min1, SONG Lin-ke2, SUN Wei1, LIANG Feng2, ZHANG Cha

16、ng-jun1, LI Jun-liang2, YIN Ke-wei1, WANG Chen-xia1, WU Juan1, LIN Tong1, BAI Zhi-qiang1, PENG Han-lin1, CHEN Hui-zhi11.State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China; 2.Central Sichuan Oil & Gas Field of PetroChina Sou

17、thwest Oil & Gasfield Company, Suining 629001, ChinaAbstract: At present, the Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation in the central area of Sichuan Basin is one of the most important reservoir rocks for oil and gas exploration. According to the analysis of the core and logging data, core observation,

18、 thin sections, casting sections, cathodoluminescence, carbon and oxygen isotopic data and major elements data, this paper studies the diagenesis of the Longwangmiao reservoir rocks. The results show that the granular dolomite and the crystalline dolomite are the main reservoir rocks, and there is c

19、onstructive diagenesis, destructive and retentive diagenesis in Longwangmiao Formation. The constructive diagenesis includes corrosion, fractures and hydrocarbon filling, the destructive diagenesis includes compaction and pressure solution, and the retention diagenesis includes cementation, dolomiti

20、zation and micritization. This paper reveals that the grain beach microfacies is the prerequisite of developing the Longwangmiao Formation high-quality reservoirs, and the seawater dolomitization, penecontemporaneous fresh-water dissolution and hydrocarbon (organic acids) filling are the key factors

21、 to form the high-quality reservoirs.Key words: Sichuan Basin; Lower Cambrian; Longwangmiao Formation; reservoir; diagenesis川中高石梯构造灯影组油气成藏过程王国芝, 刘树根, 刘伟, 范蕾, 袁海锋（油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室（成都理工大学），成都 610059）摘要 油气储层中不同时期所充填的矿物和流体包裹体可以揭示油气的成藏过程。四川盆地高石梯构造震旦系灯影组储层至少有3期矿物充填：白云石沥青石英/白云石+石英。早期的白云石中富含油包裹体;晚期的石英中富含液态

22、甲烷包裹体，烃类包裹体的捕获压力为79.498.12 MPa，压力系数为1.351.88,显示超压特征。现今气藏的压力系数为1.061.13。高石梯气藏具有多期成藏特点，属于构造调整气藏。其可能的成藏过程为：二叠纪-三叠纪末期，古油藏形成；侏罗纪-晚白垩世，古油藏中的石油在原位开始裂解形成超压古气藏；喜马拉雅早期，古气藏向资阳-威远方向迁移和被破坏；喜马拉雅中晚期，磨溪地区的古气藏迁移调整至高石梯地区重新成藏。在调整成藏过程中，气藏具有从超压向常压演变的特征。古气藏的破坏、侧向迁移和重新聚集成藏，可能主要受构造演化和构造高点的侧向迁移控制。关键词 四川盆地；高石梯构造；灯影组；超压；油气成藏P

23、rocess of hydrocarbon accumulation of Sinian Dengying Formation in Gaoshiti structure, Central Sichuan, ChinaWANG Guo-zhi, LIU Shu-gen, LIU Wei, FAN Lei, YUAN Hai-fengState Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, ChinaAbstra

24、ct: The process of hydrocarbon accumulation can be revealed by the different minerals and fluid inclusions filled at different stages in the reservoirs. At least three generations of mineral filling can be identified in the Sinian Dengying Formation reservoir in the Gaoshiti structure of Central Sic

25、huan. They are dolomitebitumenquartz/dolomite+quartz. The early dolomite and later quartz are rich in oil inclusions and liquid CH4 inclusions, respectively. The trapping pressure (79.498.12 MPa) and the pressure coefficient (1.351.88) of CH4 inclusions in the quartz indicate that the ancient gas po

26、ols are characterized by overpressure. The pressure coefficient of the present gas pools is 1.061.13. The research indicates that the Gaoshiti gas pool is characterized by multi-phase hydrocarbon accumulation and belongs to a tectonic adjustment gas pool. A possible process of hydrocarbon accumulati

27、on can be suggested as follows. (1) The ancient oil pool formed during Permian-the end of Triassic; (2) The petroleum thermal cracking in situ resulted in the development of ancient overpressure gas pools during Jurassic-Late Cretaceous; (3) The gas in the ancient gas pools migrated toward the Ziyan

28、g-Weiyuan and the ancient gas pools were destroyed in the early Himalaya period; (4) The gas from the Moxi ancient gas pools migrated to Gaoshiti structure and reformed new gas pools there in the middle-late Himalaya period. The pressure of gas pools decreased from overpressure to normal pressure du

29、ring the adjustment and re-accumulation of hydrocarbon. The tectonic evolution and the lateral migration of the structural crest were responsible for the lateral migration and the destruction of the ancient gas pools and re-accumulation of hydrocarbon. Key words: Sichuan Basin; Gaoshiti structure; D

30、engying Formation; overpressure; gas pool; hydrocarbon accumulation川中磨溪构造寒武系龙王庙组油气运聚期次袁海锋, 赵明霞, 王国芝, 宋金民, 刘勇, 付晨阳, 王维华, 杜威(油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室(成都理工大学)，成都 610059)摘要 借助钻井岩心与薄片观察、包裹体均一温度测定与地球化学分析等技术手段，结合储层热演化历史恢复成果，对川中磨溪构造寒武系龙王庙组储层特征、孔洞缝充填矿物的次序关系进行分析，并恢复龙王庙组油气运聚期次。研究结果表明，储层岩石类型主要为晶粒残余砂屑白云岩，储集空间以粒间孔、晶间孔为主

31、，但基质的孔隙度和渗透率均较低。储层孔、洞、缝中矿物的充填次序和类型及不同期次包裹体发育特征反映龙王庙组储层至少经历了4期油气成藏，第一期油气成藏发生在中-晚三叠世，被细晶-微晶白云石中均一温度为110133的包裹体所记录；第二期油气充注发生在早-中侏罗世，被孔洞中的第一世代白云石中均一温度为143167的包裹体记录；第三期油气成藏为古油藏在高温作用下裂解为天然气的过程，被储层孔洞缝中充填的第二世代沥青所记录；第四期油气充注发生在中-晚白垩世，被第三世代石英中均一温度为190210的流体包裹体记录。这些不同期次和不同世代的矿物记录了磨溪构造龙王庙组油气成藏流体充注完整的序列和过程。关键词 磨溪

32、构造；龙王庙组；充填序列；运聚期次Phases of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation of Moxi structure, Central Sichuan, ChinaYUAN Hai-feng, ZHAO Ming-xia, WANG Guo-zhi, SONG Jin-min, LIU Yong, FU Chen-yang, WANG Wei-hua, DU WeiState Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology an

33、d Exploitation, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, ChinaAbstract: With the aid of the technology of core research, thin section identification, homogenization temperature measurement and geochemical analysis, and combined with the recovery result of the heat evolutionary history of th

34、e Moxi structure reservoir in Central Sichuan, this paper analyzes the filling sequence of the minerals in the rock holes, and recovers the accumulation phases of Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation. The result shows that the main reservoir rock type is residual dolarenite, and the main reservoir spaces

35、 are intercrystal and intergranular pores, but the porosity and permeability of the matrix are low. The sequence and types of minerals filling in the holes and cracks, and the development characteristics of the inclusions of different phases reflect that the Longwangmiao Formation reservoir has expe

36、rienced at least four phases hydrocarbon accumulation. The first time of hydrocarbon filling occurred in the Middle-Late Triassic, and it is recorded by the homogenization temperature (110133) of the inclusions in the fine grain-microcrystalline dolomite. The second time hydrocarbon charge occurred

37、in the Early-Middle Jurassic and is recorded by the homogenization temperature (143167) of the inclusions in the first generation of dolomite. The third time of hydrocarbon filling was a process that the ancient reservoir was cracked into gas under high temperature and is recorded by the second gene

38、ration bituminous minerals filling in the reservoir pore cracks. The fourth time of hydrocarbon filling occurred in the Middle-Late Cretaceous and is recorded by the homogenization temperature (190210) of the fluid inclusions in the third generation quartz. These different times and different genera

39、tions of minerals record the complete sequence and processes of the fluid filling in the hydrocarbon accumulation of the Longwangmiao Formation.Key words: Moxi structure; Longwangmiao Formation; filling sequence; hydrocarbon migration and accumulation川中古隆起构造演化特征及其与早寒武世绵阳-长宁拉张槽的关系钟勇1,2, 李亚林1, 张晓斌1, 刘

40、树根2, 巫芙蓉1, 刘定锦1, 邓小江1, 陈胜1, 杨飞1, 李小娟1, 蒋波1(1.中国石油 川庆钻探工程有限公司 地球物理勘探公司，成都 610213；2.油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室(成都理工大学)，成都 610059)摘要 根据早寒武世绵阳-长宁拉张槽的发现，为深化对四川盆地基础地质的认识开展相关构造演化研究。通过震旦系顶界古构造恢复，对比分析拉张槽分布范围与各期川中古隆起分布范围，研究了古隆起演化与拉张槽的关系。以拉张槽和古隆起为主体可将四川盆地划分为12个区域。认为川中地区的隆起是伴随着早寒武世拉张槽由隆起转换为凹陷演化形成的，川西南地区在晚震旦世拉张槽隆升剥蚀阶段已具有

41、雏形。拉张槽东西两侧是相互独立的构造区域，印支期（晚三叠世）古隆起与拉张槽具有北东向联合古隆起特征。此后演化特征仍具有差异性，特别是喜马拉雅期至今的演化过程中，川西南地区的隆升幅度远大于川中地区，致使现今构造特征表现为震旦系顶界构造川西南与川中分别位于同一隆起构造的高点和斜坡位置。因此，绵阳-长宁拉张槽对震旦系-下古生界原生油气地质条件的控制和川中古隆起对震旦系-下古生界古今油气藏的形成、调整和保存具有控制作用。关键词 四川盆地；川中古隆起；拉张槽；下古生界-震旦系；烃源岩Evolution characteristics of Central Sichuan palaeouplift and

42、 its relationship with Early Cambrian Mianyang-Changning intracratonic sagZHONG Yong1,2, LI Ya-lin1, ZHANG Xiao-bin1, LIU Shu-gen2, WU Fu-rong1, LIU Ding-jin1, DENG Xiao-jiang1, CHEN Sheng1, YANG Fei1, LI Xiao-juan1, JIANG Bo11.Sichuan Geophysical Company of CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Compa

43、ny Limited, Chengdu 610213, China;2.State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, ChinaAbstract: In the light of the findings of the early Cambrian Mianyang-Changning intracratonic sag, this paper makes a study related to th

44、e structure and evolution for further knowing the basic geology in Sichuan Basin. Based on the palaeotectonic reconstruction of the top of the Sinian strata and by comparing the ranges of the intracratonic sag and the paleouplift at various stages, the present paper deciphers the relationship betwee

45、n the Mianyang-Changning intracratonic sag and the Central Sichuan paleouplift. The result shows that Sichuan Basin can be classified into 12 areas based on the evolutionary characteristics of the intracratonic sag and the paleouplift. The paper proposes that the Central Sichuan paleouplift formed w

46、ith the evolution of the Cambrian intracratonic sag. The east side and west side of the intracratonic sag are independent tectonic regions, and only during Late Triassic period, they jointed a paleouplift. Their present structural features are the Southwest Sichuan uplift and the Central Sichuan upl

47、ift, respectively, especially resulting from the differential evolutions after the Himalayan period. Therefore, the Mianyang-Changning intracratonic sag controls the primary oil and gas geological conditions and the Central Sichuan paleouplift controls the formation, adjustment and preservation of t

48、he oil and gas reservoirs of the Lower Paleozoic-Sinian strata.Key words: Sichuan Basin; Central Sichuan paleouplift; intracratonic sag; Lower Paleozoic-Sinian; hydrocarbon source rock四川盆地高石梯磨溪构造震旦系寒武系含气层系流体特征吴娟1, 刘树根1, 赵异华2, 孙玮1, 宋林珂2, 宋金民1, 梁锋2, 田艳红1, 龙翼1, 李俊良2（1.油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室（成都理工大学），成都 61005

49、9;2.中国石油西南油气田分公司 川中油气矿，遂宁629001）摘要 下寒武统龙王庙组上震旦统灯影组是川中高石梯磨溪构造主要的含气层系。以地层水化学资料和实测地层压力为基础，分析灯影组龙王庙组地层水化学特征和地层压力分布，研究地层流体特征与油气成藏的关系。结果显示：地层水离子中Cl-、K+Na+和Ca2+占绝对优势，以CaCl2型地层水为主，总矿化度高，变质程度深，封闭性好，还原性强，对油气聚集和保存十分有利。根据压力系数分布特征将龙王庙组-灯影组划分为龙王庙组异常高压带、灯四段-灯二段上部常压带和灯二段下部异常低压带。天然气高产区与地层水矿化度高值区以及超压分布区具有良好的对应关系，压力系数

50、对天然气产量的影响尤为明显。关键词 四川盆地；高石梯磨溪构造；震旦系寒武系；地层水；超压Fluid characteristics of Upper Sinian-Lower Cambrian petroliferous strata in Gaoshiti-Moxi structure of Sichuan Basin, ChinaWU Juan1, LIU Shu-gen1, ZHAO Yi-hua2, SUN Wei1, SONG Lin-ke2, SONG Jin-min1, LIANG Feng2, TIAN Yan-hong1, LONG Yi1, LI Jun-liang21.S

51、tate Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China;2.Central Sichuan Mining District, Southwest Oil and Gas Field Branch Company of CNPC, Suining 629001, ChinaAbstract: The Upper Sinian Dengying Formation and Lower Cambrian

52、Longwangmiao Formation are the main gas-bearing strata in the Gaoshiti-Moxi structure of Central Sichuan. Depending on the hydrochemical data and the measured pressure, this paper analyzes the hydrochemical characteristics and pressure distribution, and studies the relationship between the fluid cha

53、racteristics and the hydrocarbon accumulation. The hydrochemical characteristics show that the major water ions are Cl-, K+ Na+ and Ca2+. CaCl2 is the main type of the formation water in the study area. The formation water has high salinity, deep metamorphose degree, good sealing and strong reducibi

54、lity. All these conditions are very favorable for hydrocarbon accumulation and preservation. According to the pressure coefficient distribution, the Dengying Formation-Longwangmiao Formation can be divided into three zones, that, the overpressure zone in the Longwangmiao Formation, the normal pressu

55、re zone in Member 4 of Dengying Formation to the upper part of Member 2 of the Dengying Formation and the subpressure zone in the lower part of Member 2 of the Dengying Formation. The high gas production area has a positive correlation with high formation water salinity area and overpressure area, a

56、nd the influence of the pressure coefficients on the gas production is especially evident.Key words: Sichuan Basin; Gaoshiti-Moxi structure; Sinian-Cambrian; formation water; overpressure川中磨溪构造龙王庙组流体包裹体特征及其地质意义刘伟, 王国芝, 刘树根, 范蕾, 和秀蓉（油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室(成都理工大学),成都 610059）摘要 对四川盆地磨溪构造下寒武统龙王庙组储层中所充填石英与沥青的

57、关系、石英中流体包裹体进行综合研究，探讨油气藏的成藏过程。通过对龙王庙组储层白云岩标本观察、石英中流体包裹体的镜下分析、显微测温表明，形成于石油热裂解后的石英流体包裹体主要为气液H2O包裹体、烃-H2O包裹体和纯甲烷包裹体。气液H2O包裹体的均一温度峰值为210230，纯甲烷包裹体的密度为0.214 80.299 7 g/cm3，流体的捕获压力为73.10153.74 MPa，峰值为100.00135.00 MPa，显示明显的超压特征。说明古气藏保存条件较好，现今气藏仍旧具有超压特征，应为古气藏经调整后重新聚集成藏的结果。关键词 磨溪构造；龙王庙组；流体包裹体；超压；成藏Characteris

58、tics and geological significance of fluid inclusions in Longwangmiao Formation of Moxi structure in Central Sichuan, ChinaLIU Wei, WANG Guo-zhi, LIU Shu-gen, FAN Lei, HE Xiu-rongState Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059,

59、ChinaAbstract: This paper studies the relations between quartz and bitumen, and the fluid inclusions in the quartz from the Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation of the Moxi structure, in order to approach the oil and gas accumulation process. The research result shows that the types of the fluid in

60、clusions formed after the oil thermal cracking are saline aqueous inclusion, hydrocarbon-aqueous inclusion and methane inclusion. The peak homogenization temperature of saline aqueous inclusions is 210230, and the density of methane inclusions is 0.21480.2997 g/cm3. Using the homogenization temperat