2017年广州版英语八年级上册第四单元Unit-4-Inventions课文知识详解及语法详解

1、精选第七讲Unit4册口识探究Step one Getting ready.Listen to advertisements for four funny inventions. advertisement 可数名词 “广告 ”an advertisement advertisements 缩写为 adseg. They will put an advertisement in the newspaper.There are too many advertisement on the T.Vadvertising 不可数名词 “广告，广告业” ，是广告的总称。eg. Advertising i

2、s everywhere.advertise 动词， “做广告，登广告”可做及物或不及物动词。eg. They advertised the new car.He advertised for a new job.大街上有很多广告。 李雷为自己打广告。 funny 形容词 “有趣的” ，在句中作定语或表语。fun 名词 “乐趣 ”eg. He told me a funny story.I think the film is very funny.We had a lot of fun at the party.拓展： funny money 伪钞 funny paper 连环漫画栏funny

3、 car 腊肠型赛车funny farm 精神病院 funny book 连环画刊.你真是个有趣的女同学。 .Write a short article about a new invention that you will create.create 及物动词 “创造，创作” 指经过努力让事物从无到有或从粗糙到完美，对象可以是具体的或者抽象的。eg. He created many famous plays.He created the wonder.拓展： create 作可数名词 “创造物，作品 ”作不可数名词 “创造，创建”creator可数名词创作者”creative 形容词 “有创

4、造力的 ”eg. The creator created the creation. He is creative.辨析： create 与 makecreate 创造出原来不存在的东西 make 通过工作制造出某种东西eg. Who created the world.He made the watch.达芬奇是一个创作家，他创造了许多名画。【随堂练】一、用所给词的适当形式填空。He is an (invent),he (invent)lots of (invent).She(born) in China.She (realize) shewas wrong yesterday.The p

5、is so high,it is so eSurfing the internet is p among teenage.Theideais p ,we will take this idea.This toy is s ,andI haveneverseenit before.Shecreatedmanyfamousworks,and shewas .(create)二、完成句子.自那以后，我就已经学会照顾自己., I have learned to take care of myself.我们已经三年没有联系了 .Weeach other for three years.请远离毒品，学会保

6、护自己.Please drugs, and learn to protect yourself.我们很相爱，同时，我们互相照顾对方.We love each other,we take good care of each other.勤劳在白天，作息在晚上.Work ,and rest at night.精选1.我们过去过着贫穷的生活。精选Step two Reading& listeningtelephone可数名词 “电话，电话机”缩写形式 phoneeg. I don t have a telephone.Tony often talks with me on the telephone

7、.动词 “打电话 ”eg. I telephone my grandma every week.拓展： “给某人打电话”表达telephone/phone sbcall sb (up)give sb a callmake a telephone call to sbeg. I often telephone/phone my parents on weekends.Please call me (up) this evening.Please give me a call when you get home.My best friend often makes a telephone call

8、 to me.到家了就给我打电话。 .They help people live a better life.live及物动词 过的生活 live a - lifeeg. live a good/rich/poor life.After its invention, traveling became faster and more fortable形容词 舒适的，舒服的”反义词uncomfortablecomfort名词和动词舒适，安慰”comfortably 副词eg. I like comfortable life.I feel uncomfortable now. I want to g

9、o home.The new car becomes more comfortable.中考链接：What he said made everyone feel .A. comfort B. comfortable C. comforting D. comfortably6.In the early 1gh century century可数名词 世纪，百年” 一世纪指一百年，不指具体时间，只指时间 段eg. He was born in the 20h century.Two centuries later, people still remember him.拓展：twentieth-ce

10、ntury“2时纪的”是一个序数词+名词构成的形容词，作定语。在第几世纪”必须用序数词，而且应在序数词前加定冠词theeg. It was a twentieth-century invention.in the 21st centuryin the mid-19th century/in the middle of the 19th century.Alexander Graham Bell invented one of the first practical telephones in 1876.invent 及物动词 “发明 ”eg. Do you know who invented

11、computer?He invented a green car.辨析 invent 与 discoverinvent 发明“ ”指客观上没有，发明以前未曾有过的东西，如新工具，新方法discover “发现 ” 指发现客观上已经存在，但不为人知的事物eg. Gilbert discovered electricity, but Edison invented the electric light bulb.Since then, people have been able to speak to each other over long distances.distance 可用作可数名词和

12、不可数名词 “距离 ”eg. Keep a safe distance between cars.What is the distance from here to your school?拓展： 与 distance 相关的表达at a distance 隔一段距离in the distance 在远处from a distance 从远处out of distance (from) 离太远, 达不至U.They allow people to keep in touch with each other anytime, anywhere.allow及物动词，允许 allow sb to d

13、o sth允许某大做某事”动词不定式作宾语补足语。eg. My parents don t allow me to go out at night.Do you allow us to watch TV?拓展： allow doing sth 允许做某事be allowed to do sth被允许做某事eg. He doesn t allow smoking here.Passages are not allowed to smoke.中考链接：Take time to relax by listening to music, reading a book or just spending

14、some time alone. Relaxing allows you to_ your studies with more energy.A. returnB. to returnC.returningkeep in touch (with sb)与保持联系 ” =stay in touch (with sb)eg. We should keep in touch with each other.We ll always keep/stay in touch.Thomas Edison developed the first practical light bulb in 1879.dev

15、elop及物动词开发，研制”eg. We need to develop solar energy.They are developing a new car.拓展：develop还可用作不及物动词，发展”developed形容词 发达的 developin邨容词 发展中的”development名词发展，开发”eg. Everything develops.The US is a developed country, India and China are developing countries.中考链接：It s helpful to a good habit of reading in

16、 language learning.A.takeB.showC. developD.math.With light bulb, people can do as many things in the evenings as they can in the daytime.daytime不可数名词，意为 白天，日间 in the daytime4白天Tigers and foxes often sleep in the daytime.He works in the daytime and helps me with my housework in the evening.the new ca

17、rs made loud noises and frightened them.make noises 发出噪音，弄出声音 make (a) noiseDon t make noises. Your father is sleeping.辨析 noise, voice 与 soundnoise噪音，喧闹声指吵闹、喧哗声，往往是不和谐、不悦耳的声音voice噪音尤指人或动物特有的声音，如说话声、歌声、笑声等sound声音泛指自然界中的一切声音He always makes loud noises.She often talks in a low voice.Light travels faste

18、r than sound.中考链接：Stop making so much. The children are sleeping.A. voice B. noise C.soundsuppose that people could only drive in the(4)daytime because those cars didn have lights.suppose+sb+suppose及物动词 认为，猜想，想象”后接从句作宾语，常和(+to be) +形容词/名词”结构作同义句转换。suppose，think, believe等后跟宾 语从句时，主句的主语是第一人称时，若变为否定句，必

19、须否定前移，即把否定 旬转移到主句上来。Do you suppose Yes, I suppose so / No, I suppose not 或 No, I don t suppose so.eg. I don t suppose he is thirty.-Do you suppose it is going to rain?-Yes, I suppose so / No, I suppose not 或 No, I don t suppose so.拓展：be supposed to do被要求做某事，应该做某事，被期望做某事”相当于 should do stheg. Teachers

20、 are supposed to know a lot.中考链接：You are to type quickly when talking to each other on QQ so the otherperson doesn t get bored.A. suggested B. supposed C. taught D. supported【随堂练】：一、完成句子.她住在乡村，我住在城市.She lived,and I lived in city.我们一起走一下吧Let,s .很久以前，这里住着公主和王子.,princess and prince lived here.不好意思，我没意识

21、到我错了 .Sorry, I I was wrong.我已经三年没有跟她联系了 .I haven,t already her.二、用 good,bad,asas填空。Who got a (good) mark in PE,Mark or Mary?Who got a (bad) mark in PE,Mark or Mary?Mark got a better mark in PE.Whose home is (far) from school,Mark,s or Mary,s?Who got a(good) mark in PE in your class?Who got a (bad) m

22、ark in PE,in your class.Whose home is (far) from school,Mark,s,Lintao,s or Mary,s?Her computer was as (good) as mine.The machine can produce as(much) production as hersThe computer was (good) than that one.Step three-Listening 讲解1.keep the dust off your shoeskeep off 使一不接近(或不接触，远离)eg. Keep it off th

23、e shoes.She wears sunglasses to keep the sun off.dust 不可数名词， “灰尘，尘土”throw dust in one s eyesdustbinduststorm2. can look behind and in front of you at the same time.at the same time同时其中same为形容词，在使用前一定要加定冠词the。eg. They arrived at school at the same time yesterday morning.You must hand in your papers a

24、t the same time.【随堂练】 ：一、完成句子1木马太重了，他们不能随身带走。The wooden horse was heavy them with them.他终于成功地写完了这本书。At last he this book.最后制造皇冠的人被送进监狱。In the end the crown-maker 他自从来到这间学校，认识了许多朋友。he many friends since he to this school.今晚我不去看电影，因为我看过了。I won t go to the cinema, becausej it.好久不见，你到哪里去了？I you for a lo

25、ng time. Where you ?Step four-Speaking & WritingWe make our voice rise at the end.辨析rise与raiseeg. The moon above the mountains.rise/、及物动词指自然地上升；表示（太阳、价格等）上升、（河水）上涨、起立、起床raise及物动词指人为地增加、上涨、升上去等 ；表示举手、升国旗、饲养抚育等意思Before you answer the question, you should your hand.What do you use it for?辨析 what for 与

26、whywhat.for侧重于问目的，一般不用because回答What do you want a basket for?I want to buy some apples.why侧重于询问原因，一般要用because回答Why were you late for school?Because I missed the early bus.What is special about it?special形容词，特别的，特殊的辨析 special 与 speciallyspecial形容词表示 特殊的，特别的”反义词是 ordinary,强调事物特有的性质或专 门的目的、用途There is s

27、omething special you can do in the park.specially副词表示特别的，尤其”I came here specially to see you.中考链接:What was Jim wearing in the party?Nothing.He was in his usual shirt and jeans.A. special B. simple C. important D. interestingIf you shout “fly ” , the car will turn into a plane in 30second.turn into变成

28、；成为eg. The sofa turns into a bed.The robot turns into a huge spider soon.拓展：turn away 把打发走 turn on 打开turn off 关上turn up 调大turn down 调小turn over 翻身【随堂练】、单项选择Weberudeto our parents.A.ought B.ought toC.ought notD.ought not toI would like anEnglish songfor you.A.sing B.to sing C.singing D.to singing Rem

29、emberhimaboutit when he comesback. Sure, I will. A.tell B.totell C.tellingD.to tellingJill deniedthe vasebutsheadmittedthe vase.A.to steal, seeing B.stealing, to see C.to steal, to see D.stealing, seeingLiu Mei is evenatsinging than dancing.A.good B.better C.best D.the bestGuangzhouis oneof in the w

30、orld.A.the biggest city B.strongestcities C.richest cities D.the most crowded citiesI havetaught English in this school 1980. It was thirty yearsago.A.after B.in C.since D.for- When Mr.Green to Australia?-He there for a month. He will bebacktomorrow.A.has gonehasgone B.has beenhasbeen C.did gohasbee

31、n D.did go;has gone poor child theboyis!A.HowB.What a C.WhatD.How a niceweatherit is!A.How B.What a C.What D.How aLiuMing studies very , and hewatchesTV at home.A.hard; hardly B.hardly; hard C.hard; hard D.hardly; hardlyDaniel is a cook. He can cook very .A.well; good B.good; well C.good; good D.wel

32、l; wellIn my home, meals often by my mother.A.is; cook B.are; cook C.is; cooked D.are; cookedThe girl lots of questionsby the policeman yesterday.A.will ask B.is asked C.asked D.was askedLights must before you leave the room.A.be turn off B.turned off C.be turned offD.be turned二、书面表达请以The Life in th

33、e Future为题写一篇记叙文，按下列提示完成。可以想象一下：未来的生活将会是什么样子的呢？具体介绍一下未来的生活， 很多事情都由计算机或机器人来完成。 例如： 料理家务、购物、网上聊天、不出门就可以看医生、打扫卫生、做饭等。为了未来的生活，现在我们应该努力学习，实现理想。The Life in theFutureWhat do you think the life in the future will be like?In the future therewill becomputersin our homes. Computerswill help us to know al ot ov

34、er the world. We will be able to talk by e-mail. Scientistswill make many robots. Robots can help us to do somecleaning,do somecooking or do somewashing. We c an do some shopping and seea doctor without going out of our homes.The life in the future will be good. For this, we will study hard. I belie

35、ve we lbeableto do thisStep five-More Practice 讲解it sometimes made a mess on the paper.辨析 sometimes, some times, sometime, some timesometimes频度副词有时表示动作发生的不经常性，多与一般现在时连用，它口位于句首句中或旬末。对它提问常用how oftensometimes名词短语几次；几倍time是/、可数名词，对它提问常用 how many timessometime副词某时表示某个不确切的时间，常与将来时或过去时连用。对它提问常用whensome tim

36、e名词短语一段时问句中谓语动词常为延续性动词。对它提问用howlong口诀：分开为 幺段(some time),相连是 某时(sometime)分开 s 是 悟，次” (some times, 相连 s是 有时“ (sometime9eg. Sometimes she has lunch at school.I ve been to the museum some times.I ll visit Daming sometime this summer vacation.She has lived here for some time.Zhuge Liang used such lantern

37、s to give signals in battles.辨析such与sosuch形容词，修饰名词such+a/an”容词+可数名词单数such+形容词+/、可数名词such+形容词+复数名词so副词，修饰形容词或副词so+形容词/副词so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数so+many/few/much/little+可数名词复数/、可数名词拓展：l.such与so接单数可数名词时，意思相同such+a/an”容词+单数可数名词=so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数She is 二she is 她是个如止匕好的女孩。2.名词被 many, much, few, little 修饰时，需用 s

38、oThere are many visitors in our school today.口诀：名前such形副so,多多少少也用solittle属特殊，小”用such少”用so中考链接：Why do you speak ina loud voice?Because I want to make myself clearly.A. such; hear B. so ; heard C. such ; heard D. so ; hearThe kongming Lantern led to the invention of the ho-air ballon.lead to意为 导致，引起，通

39、向”后跟名词或代词，过去式为led。All roads lead to Rome.Eating too much junk food can lead to some health problems. 拓展：lead sb to do sth带领某人做某事”eg. He led us to finish the worklead a -life 过生活eg. Every day I lead a busy life.第八讲单元语法 形容词与副词同级比较.两者相比(甲=乙)用“as形容词/副词原级+ as蓑示。如：My English is as good as my brother 我的英语和

40、我弟弟一样好。 s.Dick can type as fast as his unclefi克打字和他叔叔一样快。.两者相比(甲 Z)用“as / so拶容词/副词原级+ as蓑示。如：Mary is not as / so tall as her sister马丽不比她姐姐高。The girl in red didn t make the model plane as / so well as you.穿红衣服的那个女孩没有你做的模型飞机好。. 成倍优势的比较问题。(1)悟数+ asas/如：Our school is three times as large as theirs. 们学校是

41、他们学校面积的 3 倍。This lift runs twice as fast as that one&个电梯是那个电梯速度的 2倍。悟数 + the size / length / width / height / depth 。如： of”Our school is three times the size of theirs我们学校的面积是他们学校的3倍。The new road is four times the width of the old one.这条新路的宽度为那条老路的 4 倍。以上结构可以转化为 “净倍数 + 比较级 + than ”，表达同样的意思。试比较：Our s

42、chool is two times larger than theirslM门学校比他彳门学校大 2 倍。The new road is three times wider than the old on这条新路比那条老路宽 3倍。因此，在这种情况下使用比较时，要特别注意倍数的数量问题，要特别注意倍数的数量问题，要剔除基准数。换言之，在 倍数+ asasP的倍数为n,在 “净倍数+比较级+ than 中”，净倍数应为 n-1。.名词置于asas间的特点。在该结构中，所用的名词一般是可数名词，且常需不定冠词分隔形容词和名词。如：as good a teacher as my father 亲般

43、的好老师as experienced an engineer as Dick Wfirother样有经验的工程师. asas构引导从句，所接代词格的选择。在口语中，一般常用宾语。如：You can t expect to type as fast as me (= as Mdo).能指望和我打字样快。She is not as clever as Dick (= as he is她不像迪克那样聪明。在容易引起歧义的情况下，需合理选用所属格。试比较：You hate him as much as me ( = you hate me).讨厌他就像讨厌我一样。You hate him as muc

44、h as I (= I hate him)像我一样讨厌他。由此可见，不同属格，意义迥异。注意：.在表示 和一样”时可用asas(前面的as后要用原级)：He is as busy as eve r他还是和以前一样忙。We 11 give you as much help as we can我们将尽量帮助你。His hands are as cold as ice他的手冰冷。The airport was as crowded as eve r机场还像平常那样拥挤。.在表示 不像那样”时可用not as(so):asIt is not as cold as in Geneva这里不像日内瓦那样冷

45、。Jack isn t as(so)old as he l ooks杰克不像他看起米那么老。I in not so(as) experienced as you think我不像你想的那样有经验。She is not so talkative as before她不像以前那样爱说话了。3这种结构中也可包含一个状语：The whale was twice as long as her boa t那条鲸鱼有她的船两倍长。My command of English is not half so good as yours我英文掌握得还不及你一半好。Their horse is about three

46、 times as big as ou rs他们的房子有我们房子三倍大。We ve produced ten times as much cotton this year as we did twenty years ago我们今年生产的棉花是20 年前的十倍。4在这类结构前还可以加almost ， just ， nearly 或 quite 这些副词：He was almost as diligent as his siste r他几乎像他姐姐一样勤奋。Mary was just as busy as before玛丽还是像以前那样忙。She was nearly as tall as he

47、r mothe r她几乎像她妈一般高了。The hotel was not quite as good as they had expected那家旅馆完全不像他们预料的那样好。asas还可用在许多固定说法中：as brave as a lion as bright as dayas busy as a bee as cheerful as a la rkas clear as crystal as cunning as a foxas fat as a pig as gentle as a lambas vain as a peacock as tough as leatheras blac

48、k as pitch as soft as velvetas stubborn as a mule as easy as ABCas sharp as a needle as strong as a horse【随堂练】一、写出下列单词的比较级3.nice6.small 9.tasty12.red.good 2.healthy 4.old 5.fat7.pretty 8.new10.large 11.funny13.fit 14.eresting-_二、改写句子: （合成一句）.You are happy. Mary is happy, too.Mary is you.Pe

49、ter is 1.7metres tall. Ben is 1.7metres tall, too.Ben as Peter.Linda is 15 years old. Kitty is 15 years old, too.Kitty is Linda.My diet is healthy. Your diet is healthy, too.Your diet is as. Simon is fast. John is very fast.John is Simon.Simon is John.Simon isn，t John.Simon is than John.三、二选一：We do

50、the homework as as they (quickly/ quick)Can you speak English as as your classmate? (good/ well)Your idea sounds as as his idea.(great/greatly)Davis is as as Steven in class. (careful/ carefully)Pleas talk as as you can . (loud/loudly)This flower smells as as that one. (nice/ nicely)课堂巩固一、选择题Student

51、s should learn how problems.A. solveB. solvingC. can solveD. tosolveI heard that they made the murderer . to jailthemselves.A. to go, instead B. go, instead of C. go , instead D. to go, instead ofDigital cameras are becoming very popular , though some still too much.A payB spendC sellD costDon t mak

52、e this or that. I m too busy!A to doB doC doingD done-Can you find the answer the question? -Yes, it s too easy.A. toB. forC. withD. ofMany people are unaware the danger of polluting our environment.A. aboutB. ofC. withD. toBeijing may be city in China.A. the famous B. famous C. the most famous D. more famous-What is the