【个人】剑桥初级语法整理笔记

1、文档来源为：从网络收集整理,word版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持【关键字】个人现在时3、现在进行时：I am doing以下动词不可用于现在进行时:likelovewantknowunderstandrememberdependpreferhateneedmeanbelieveforget4、现在进行时的疑问式：Are you doing?5、一般现在时：I do/work/like 等I like big cities.I never eat breakfast.一般现在时用来表示一般性的事实、有时或经常发生的事情：Always/never/often/usually/sometimes 常与般

2、现在时连用:6、般现在时的否定式：I don t/he doesn动，比原形I don t have a bath every day.7、every day表每天，作状语；everyday表每天的，形容词】Do/does主语动词原形Doyouworkon SundaysDoyour friendslivenear hereDoesAnneplaytennisWheredoYour friendsliveHow oftendoyouwashyour hairWhatdoesThis wordmeanHow muchdoesitcostto fly to Rome般现在时的疑问式：Do you

3、?*What do you do? 表示 你是做什么工作的?have=have gothas=has gotDon t have=haven tgot Doesn t have=hasn Do you have=have you gotDoes he have=has he gott got8、have/have got(1)(2) have表吃、喝、拿”时，不能用have got代替havehave breakfast/lunch/dinnerhave a meal/a pizza/a sandwichhave a cup of coffee have sth to eat/drink(3)

4、下列短语中，要用 havehavehave a bath/a showerhave a rest/a holiday/a party have a nice time/a good trip/fun have a walk/a swim/a game have a dream/an accident have a baby1文档来源为：从网络收集整理,word版本可编辑.文档来源为：从网络收集整理,word版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持have a look15、现在完成时have donejust/already/yetJust表 刚才：we ve just arrived.Already 表 已

5、经“(在预料之前)：they ve already arrived. (=before you expected )Yet表 直到现在“(用于否定句和疑问句中)：they haven t arrived yet.(3)现在完成时与 ever (用于疑问句中)/never连用：Have you ever played golf?gone 表 去而未归“：she has gone to China.Been 表 去而已归 “：he has been to China.How long have you ?She has been in Ireland since Monday/for three

6、days.一般现在时现在完成时Dan and Kate are married.They have been married for four years.Are you married?How long have you been married?现在进行时现在完成进行时I riearning English.How long have you been learning English?25、what are you doing tomorrow?I am doing something tomorrow 表示 我已经安排好明天要做某事/我计划明天做某事”I am going to do

7、something.同上 (be going to 与 will 的区另U)注意：用一般现在时表示时间表、节目单、火车与公共汽车时刻表等：The train arrivesat 7.30.27、will/shallI shall =I will、we shall=we will ：I shall be late tomorrow. = I will be late tomorrow.在构成将来时的时候，不可将 shall与you/they/it/he/she 等非第一人称连用：Tom will be late.(而不能 Tom shall be late.)I ll表提议或决定做某事 :I l

8、l phone you tomorrow.I think I ll/I don t thiSk 快定做I think I ll go to bed early tonight.Shall I /Shall we 表？你认为好吗? ”28、might=may29、can/could : could 为过去式30、must/mustn t/don t need to(1)表示过去时，用 had to 而不用 must: We had to walk home last night.don t need to = don t have31、shouldI think should/I don t t

9、hink .should/do you think should?ought to =should32、I have to(1)表过去时，用 had to(2)表示认为有必要做某事或提出个人看法时，must或have to都可以不是表个人看法时，只能用 have to ：Eg: You can t park your car here for nothing. You have to pa 个人看法)2文档来源为：从网络收集整理,word版本可编辑.文档来源为：从网络收集整理,word版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持It s a fantastic film. You must see /You ha

10、ve to see it.33、I used to/I didnt used to/ did you use to ? 38、there has been/there have been一般过去时现在完成时There was an accident last night.Look! There s been an accident.When we arrived at the theatre, there was a long queue outside.This road is very dangerous. There have been many accidents.Why are th

11、ose policemen outside the bank? There s bdeirere was a robbery.41、反义疑问句Have you?/are you?/don t you裱对某事感兴趣或感到惊奇”I ve bought a new car.Oh, have you?记住：前否后肯，前肯后否It s a nice day, isn t it?That isn t your car, is it?42、 too/either so am I/neither do I(1)句尾toor m happy too.either (否定)I m not happy either

12、.r m happy.So am I(so was he/so do I/so would I)r m notI m nchappyNeither am I(可用nor代替neither)I amboth+复数名词either/neither单数名词，谓语动词用单数both(of)theeitherneitherofthese/those my/your/Paul s 44、疑问句is it？/have you ？/do they ？why isn t ？/why don t ？who saw you?/who did you see?(3)以特殊疑问词开头的句子，介词位于句尾：where a

13、re you from?(4) what s ltke?/what are they like? 表询问某事物的情况新旧、好坏、大小等(5)疑问词whatWhat+名词What time /what size不加名词What s your name?whichWhich+名词(物/人)Which train did you catch?不加名词时，不指代人Which is biggest?howHow+形容词/副词How tall are you?How deep/how heavy/how high/how big 3文档来源为：从网络收集整理,word版本可编辑.文档来源为：从网络收集整理

14、,word版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持What （范围更厂）What s the capital of Argentina?Which （选择较少）Which colour do you prefer, pink or yellow?52、不定式与-ing形式动词+ 不定式wantplandecidetry+to (tohopeexpectofferforgetwork/to do/toneedpromiserefuselearnbe)动词+-ingenjoystopsuggest+-ing(doing/working)mindfinish动词+-ing或不定式likelovestartconti

15、nue+-ing/to preferhatebegin55、go togo to work(be)at workgo to schoolgo to universitygo to hospitalgo to prisongo to bedgo to sleepgo to churchgo to the bank/the theatre/the airportgo homego to the doctor/dentist(be)at school (be)at university (be)in hospital (be)in prison (be)in bed (be)in/at church

16、 (be)at homego ongo on holiday go on a trip go on a tour go on an excursion go on a cruise go on a strikego forgo for a walk go for a run go for a swim go for a drink go for mealgo(going/went/gone)shopping swimming fishing sailing skiing jogging56、4文档来源为：从网络收集整理,word版本可编辑.文档来源为：从网络收集整理,word版本可编辑.欢迎下

17、载支持get +名词（收到/买到/找到某物）get a job/get a letterget +交通工具get a bus get a train get a taxiget +形容词（变得.）get hungry get cold get tiredget to +地点（到达）get to work get to NY （get here/get home）get的短语get in a carget out of a carget on a busget off a busget married （结婚） get dressed （穿衣） get lost （迷路）57、do 与 make

18、dodo an examdo a testdo a coursedo homeworkdo houseworkdo somebody a favourdo an exercisedo the shoppingdo the washing 洗衣服do the washing-up 洗碗do the ironing 熨烫do the cookingmakemake a mistakemake an appointmentmake a phone callmake a listmake a noisemake a bedmake a film 拍电影take a photograph 拍照66、名词

19、在英语中，下列词语以复数出现:scissors glasses trousers jeans shorts tights pyjamas people police以下名词通常不可数advice bread furniture hair information news weather worka bottle of watera carton of milka bar of chocolate/ a box of5文档来源为：从网络收集整理,word版本可编辑.文档来源为：从网络收集整理,word版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持chocolatesa piece of cheesea bottle

20、of perfumea piece of musica bowl of ricea cup of coffeea game of tennis73、the的用法the sun the moon the world the sky the sea the countrythe police the fire brigade the armythe top the end the middle the leftthe piano the guitar the trumpetthe radiothe Internet注息：television/TV 不用 the ： I watch TV a lot

21、,但是 can you turn off the TV(=the TV set)breakfast/lunch/dinner 等不加 thenext/last + week/month/year/summer等不力口 the球类名词前小加 the学科名词前/、加thethe(地名)1.地域名称前一 不用theFrance/Japan/Peru2,与国家、岛屿、山脉等名称的复数形 式连用the Alps/the Philippines/the Netherlands/the Canary Islands3,洋、海、江、河的名称前用thethe Atlantic/the Amazon/the Ni

22、le/theBlack sea4.街道、广场等名称前小用thelives in Newton Street/Highfield Road/Times SquareKennedy Airport/London Zoo/Victoria Station5.机场、车站、入学、城堡等重要建筑物不用the6.宾馆、影院、剧院、博物馆的名称前要用thethe Regent Hotel/the National Theatre/the Science Museum7,表方位时用thethe north/south/east/west of 77、not + any/no/more(1) not + any=

23、no .=not a(2) no通常用于 have (got)与 there is/are 之后(3)动词否定形式+any =动词肯定形式+no(4) no之后接名词、none可单独使用None 表示 无；no-one 表示 “没人nobody = not + anybodyno-one =not + anyonenothing = not + anything80、every/all(1) every +单数名词，谓语动词用单数(2) everywhere 是副词all most some+cities childrenbooks6文档来源为：从网络收集整理,word版本可编辑.文档来源为：

24、从网络收集整理,word版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持any nomoneyall(of)thethis/that these/those my/your most some any noneof83、a lot/ much/many/(a)little/(a)fewa lot of +可数/不可数，也可不跟名词much+不可数，用于否定句与疑问句，也可不跟名词many+ 复数a little+不可数 表有一点但不多”a few+复数表有一点但是不多little+不可数 表“几乎没有”few+复数表“几乎没有”(4)88、a bit older/ much olderA bit older than

25、.A bit more difficult thanMuch better thanMuch more expensive than 89、not as as Not as much as .Not as many asThe same as .90、the oldest/ the most expensive 可用最高级 +I ve ever ./ you The film was very bad. I think it What is the most unusual thing youve ever .s the worst film I ve ever done?ve ever se

26、en.91、enough/tooenough for sb/sthenough to do sth enough for sb/sth to do sthtoo for sb/sth too - to do sth too for sb todo sth93、词序(1)地点状语位于时间状语之前：we went to a party last night.(2) always/never/often等词用于动词之前，be动词之后，两个动词之间:always usuallyoften ever sometimesrarely neveralso seldomalready all just sti

27、lle.g. I always coffee in thebothmorning.drinkI am always tired.I will always remember you. / I can never find my keys.96、give/ lend/pass/send/show/buy/getgive sth to sbgive sb sth注意：当某物为代词 it或them时，用第一种结构比较好：I gave it to my father.7文档来源为：从网络收集整理,word版本可编辑.文档来源为：从网络收集整理,word版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持98、when(1)当以w

28、hen开头时，两部分用逗号隔开：When I went out, it was raining.一般现在时用于 when之后表示将来：Lisa will be in Mexico when Sarah is in New York.When I get home this evening, I m going thave a shower.before/while/after/until 的用法类似：Please close the window before you go out.I ll wait here until you come back.99、ifif之后常用一般现在时：If y

29、ou see Ann tomorrow, can you ask her to call me?What shall we do if it rains?if I/you/he/she/they/it had I/you/he would .if I/it/he/she was 或 if - I/it/he/she were这里的动词都是过去式 )IfIy ouitt heyhad/knew/lived/wentdidn t have/didn know were could I you it theywould (nt)could( n t)buy behave go.在这种句子里，句意表示

30、事实上这个假设不成立：If I had the money, I would buy a fast car.事实上我没有钱买车。I wouldn t go out if I were you.实上我不是你。（3）比较if I have/ if it isI must go and see Helen. If I have time, I will go today. (=maybe I ll have time, so maybe I ll go)I ll helpou if I can.(=maybe I can help you)if I had/if it was I must go a

31、nd see Helen. If I had time, I would go today. (=I don t have time today, s( will not go)I d help you if I could, but I can.103、at/on/in(1)at （时间点）8 o clock10.30 midnighton （星期、日期、节日）Sunday/Monday 25 April/6 June New Year s Dayin （月份、年份、季节）April/June 2003/1998 summer/spring（2）固定搭配at the weekendin th

32、e morningon Monday morning8文档来源为：从网络收集整理,word版本可编辑.文档来源为：从网络收集整理,word版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持at nightat Christmasat the end ofat the momentin the afternoon in the evening in five minuteson Tuesday afternoon: this、 last、 next、 every用介词，如 next year106、in/at/oninin a room in a shop in the water in Brazil in the fi

33、eldatat the bus stopat the doorat the traffic lightsat her deskat the top/bottom/end of(at the age of 21 /at 50kilometres an hour/at 100 degrees)onon a shelfon a plateon a balconyon the flooron a wallon a dooron the ceilingon a horse/bicycle/motorbikeon footon holidayon televisionon the phoneon timeon fire(2)inin bedin ho