中考英语考点专题复习总结与训练(附答案解析)20：现在完成时

1、考点十现在完成时考点详解,常见考法：对于现在完成时的考查，多以单选、句型转换或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态 的能力。在考试中，会让大家判断是否该用现在完成时，或者是考查“瞬间动词不能与表示一段时间的状 语连用U这一知识点。现在完成时基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语.否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词）+宾语.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词（V-ed） +其他）过去分词变化规则如下：.规则动

2、词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。变化规则有四点:（1） 一般动词，在词尾直接加u-ed Oworkfworked f workedvisit f visited f visited（2）以e 结尾的动词，只在词尾加-d olive flived flived（3）以“辅音字母+y 结尾的动词，将 y变为i,再加-ed 。studyf studiedfstudiedcryf cried f cried（4）重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed ostopf stopped stoppeddropfdropped f dropped.

3、不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。cut-cutfcutit-hit -hit现在完成时用法现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说，动作或状态发 生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。I have already posted the photo.我已经把照片寄走了。强调 post对现在的影响“照片不在这里“。现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作 （用行为动词表示）或状态（be 动词表示 ），常与 for（+ 时间段 ）， since（+ 时间点或过去时的句子）连用，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如：He has lived

4、here since 1978.自从 1978 年以来，他一直住在这儿。（动作起始于1978 年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。 ）注意： for 和 since 的用法。for +时间段译为：时间since +过去一个时间点（译为：自从以来）since + 时间段 + agosince + 从句（过去时）It is + 时间段 + since + 从句 （过去时 ）注意：瞬间动词 （buy, die, join, lose.）与 for 或 since 引导的时间段连用时，要改变成延续性动词。变化如下：come/arrive/reach/get to f be inopenfbe ope

5、nFall ill f be illgo outfbe outdie- be deadCome backfbe backfinish f be overbuyf havePut onfbe on/wearWorry f be worriedCatch a cold f have a cold现在完成时连用的时间状语现在完成时是一个与过去和现在都有关系的时态，因此，具有这样时间特点的状语都可以与现在完成时连用。.与表示一段时间的语连用，如 for+时间段，since+时间点。如：We have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我们在这个城市已

6、生活了 40 多年。We have lived in this city since 1958. 我们从 1958 年起就住在这个城市里。从以上两个例句我们可以看出 ， 与表示一段时间的状语连用时， 谓语动词常为 stay, live, teach, learn, work,sleep, read, wait, keep 等具有延续意义的动词。. 与笼统地表示过去的时间状语连用，如 already, never, ever, just 等。如：I ve just found this library book. 我刚刚找到这本图书馆的书。How beautifully she sings! I

7、 have never heard a better voice.她唱得多美啊！我还从来没听到过比这更优美的嗓音。.与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用，如 lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far 等。如：How have you been recently?你近来状况如何？The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years.那位著名的作家在过去两年的时间里写了一本新书。Have

8、you seen her parents these days?这些天你看见她的父母了吗？The Browns have visited a lot of places in China so far.迄今为止，布朗一家已经参观了中国的许多地方。注意：现在完成时不能与单纯表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, in 2002, three daysago等现在完成时与一般过去时区别.侧重点不同现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但它们所强调的重点不同：现在完成时侧重于 对现在的影响；而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间，即现在完成时侧

9、重于现在 的结果，而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。如：I have seen the film.我看过这部电影。（现在我仍记得电影的内容）I saw the film three days ago.三天前我看了这部电影。（强调是三天前，而不是别的什么时候看的电影）Mr Green has bought a new computer.格林先生买了一台新电脑。（着重点是格林先生现在有了一台新电脑）Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday.格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。（强调的是格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天）.时间状语不同现在完成时常与 already, ye

10、t, just, ever, never, before等副词以及for+段时间 since+过去时 间/从句”等时间状语连用；而一般过去时则常与时间段 +ago , just now , yesterday, last week等表示过 去的时间状语连用。如：She has lived here since two years ago.她两年前就住在这里了。She lived here two years ago.两年前她住在这里。He has been in the League for three years.他入团已经三年了。Tom wrote a letter to his pare

11、nts last night.昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。1. The life we were used to跟踪训练since smart mobile phones rushed in.A. has changedB.changedC.changesD. changing2. Wherethe dictionary? I can t see it.Iit right here a moment ago. But its gone.A. did you put; have putB. had you put; have putC. have you put; putD. were you

12、putting; had put3. Bettya diary since she was a primary school student. No wonder herwriting skills are so good.A. keepsB. is keepingC. keepingD. has kept- What do you think of the novel?-Oh, Isuch a better book than before.A. didn t readB. am readingC.haven t readD. don t reaThe studentsthe classro

13、om, so its tidy and clean now.A. cleanB. have cleanedC. will cleanD. cleansA TV series named In the Name of People whichshows many corruption casespopular amongmillions of people since it began on March 28.8.A. have beenB. is一Would you like to watch The Great Wall 长城Certainly. I donA. to see; sawC.

14、to see; have seent mind-Has Mr. Green travelled abroad yet?C. has beenwith me?it again although I it twice.seeing; have seenD. seeing; sawD. was-Not only Mr. and Mrs. Green but also their daughterabroad twice.B. have beenD. has beenA. have goneC. has gone公屋、真题再现（2018 ?河北中考）I an invitation to the con

15、cert. I can t wait to go.A. receiveB. will receiveC. was receivingD. have received（2018 ?黑龙江绥化中考）I this magazine for three months.A. have boughtB. have hadC. have borrowed（2018 ?湖北黄冈中考） 一Your new watch is so nice! When did you buy it?-In April. I it for two months.A. have hadB. hadC. have boughtD. b

16、ought（2018 ?恩施州中考） 一Recently, school violence in some schools. Luckily, our government has carried out some policies to stop it.A. has appeared B. appearedC. will appear（2018 ?3胡d 匕宜昌中考） It has been much easier for me to go to work shared bikes appeared.-But they also caused plenty of problems.A. si

17、nceB. beforeC. unlessD. though（2018 ?江苏连云港中考） 一Look! Somebody the lights. Well, it wasn t me. I didn t do it.A. turns offB. is turning offC. was turning offD. has turned off（2018 ?徐州中考） Linda was busy when I went to see her yesterday. She for an exam.A. will studyB. was studyingC. has studiedD. is s

18、tudying（2018 ?广西北部湾中考） 一Is this your camera? Yes, I it for two weeks.A. boughtB. hadC. have hadD. have bought（2018 ?齐齐哈尔中考） Everyone in my class except Tom and Mary to Beijing.A. have beenB. have goneC. has been（ 2018 ?湖北咸宁中考）一High-speed trains, Mobile payment, Sharing bikes and Online shopping are

19、calledfour new great inventions of modern China. They our daily lives more convenient.A. have madeB. had madeC. have been madeD. made（2018 ?辽宁沈阳中考） Sarah many places of interest in Beijing already.A. visitedB. has visitedC. will visitD. visits（2018 ?凉山州中考） Paris is a wonderful place. So it is. I the

20、re twice.A. have beenB. have goneC. wentD. will go（2017 ?四川南充）一Look! Your teacher Miss White is over there.No, it can t be her. She to Beijing.A. has goneB. has beenC. wentD. will go（2017 ?安徽）I am surprised at the new look of my hometown, for it a lot over the years.A. changedB. changesC. will chang

21、eD. has changed费式二模拟检测.（江西省赣州市信丰县2017年普通高中提前招生考试）一Jenny, you are so beautiful in your new dress!-Thanks! But I it for several times.A. wearB. will wearC. was wearingD. have worn.（浙江省温州市龙湾区永中中学2017届九年级月考） 一Peter says Red Rock Canyon is a great place for rockclimbing.He s right. there twice.A. was goi

22、ngB. wentC. have beenD. have gone.（江苏省扬州市江都区宜陵镇中学2017届九年级期中）一Sorry, Im late.did the meeting begin?It doesn t matter. The meeting for several minutes.A. When; has just begunB. When; has just been onC. How long; has just been onD. How long; has just begun.（江苏省徐州市部分学校2017届九年级二模联考）-Look! That man looks

23、like Mr. Green.It be him, for he America for a month.A. can t; has gone toB. may not; has gone toC. mustn t; has been inD. can t; has been in.（浙江省永嘉县 2017年5月初中毕业升学考试第二次适应性测试）-The weather report says that it will besunny tomorrow.Its wonderful. It for a week already, we need the sun.A. rainsB. will r

24、ainC. has rainedD. was raining.（新疆乌鲁木齐市第九十八中学2017届中考四模）一Look! Someone the classroom. Well, it wasn t me, I didn t do it.A. is cleaningB. was cleaningC. has cleanedD. will clean.（上海市黄浦区 2017 届九年级二模） More than six million guests Shanghai Disneyland Park sincelast June.A. visitB. visitedC. were visitin

25、gD. have visited.（徐州市 2017 年初中毕业、升学考试模拟）一Has your cousin arrived in Beijing yet? Yes. She Beijing since yesterday morning.A. arrived inB. has arrived inC. has been inD. has been to.（四川省成都外国语学校2018届九年级下学期一诊考试）Britain to leave European Union last year.David Cameron, former Prime Minister since then.A.

26、 decided; retiredB. decided; has been retiredC. has decided; retiredD. has decided; has retired.（重庆市育才中学2017-2018学年九年级下第一次模拟考试）一When did the Whites come to China? They China for seven years.A. have come to B. have been inC. have come inD. have been to跟踪训练1-A【解析】句意:自从手机融入社会,我们过去习惯的生活已经发生了改变。土血比Em曲诵ph

27、otic nished in是时间状语从句，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时j The life w were used la是主句,其中标were used to是定语从句，修饰前面的先行词life,空格处是主句的谓语动词。口度自从”， 与它连用的主句应该用现在完成时，故选人中C【解析】句意：一一你把字典放哪里了？我找不到了。一一我刚才放在这里了，但是现在不见了。根据I cant see it.可知，put发生在过去，强调对现在造成的影响，现在找不到了，故第一空用现在完 成时。根据a moment ago可知，句子应该一般过去时。故选 C。D【解析】句意：Betty自从小学的时候开始就记日记，难怪

28、她的写作技能那么好。后面的从句是以since引导的从句，与它连用的主句一般用现在完成时。故选 DoC【解析】句意：一一你觉得这部小说怎么样？一一哦，我以前从来没有读过比它更好的一本书。didntread没有读过，是一般过去时的否定形式；am reading现在进行时态；havent read现在完成时的否定形式；dontread一般现在时的否定形式。根据句意可知，这里表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响，应使用现在完成时态，故选CoB【解析】句意：学生们已经打扫了教室，因此教室现在又干净又整洁。根据语境可知用现在完成时，其结构是have/has done的形式。主语是复数，这里用助动词have。故选

29、B。C【解析】句意：反映一些腐败案件的电视剧人民的名义自从 3月28日开播以来，受到人们的广泛欢迎。根据后半句 since +时间点可知要用现在完成时，排除 B和D;又因为主语为 a TV series, 故选CoB【解析】句意：一一你愿意跟我去看长城吗？一一当然了，尽管我已经看了两遍，但我不介意再去看一遍。mind doing sth.介意做某人，结合句意，首先排除A、C;根据I dont mind itagain和although可知尽管我已经看了两遍，但我不介意再去看一遍.所以看过两遍用现在完成时，答案选BoD【解析】句意：一一格林先生已经出国旅行了吗？一一不仅格林先生和格林夫人，而且他

30、们的女儿已经出国两次了。短语 have gone to.表示去了 ， 可能在途中，也可能已经到了；have been to.表示去过某地，现在已不在那里。not only.but also.表示不仅而且，连接两个主语时采用就近原则，这里要与 their daughter保持一致，因此用 has。故选 D。真题再现D【解析】句意：我收到了音乐会的请柬。我等不及要走了。考查动词时态辨析题。根据句意语境，可知我已经收到去音乐会的邀请函，需用现在完成时，故选 DoB【解析】句意;位本杂志我买了三个月了口本题考查延续性动词口题中for向eme心.是一个时间段提示为现在完成时，且使用延名於性动词have,

31、而短暂性动词tmy;boirow不能和表示时间段的时间状语 连用，故正确答案是B，A【解析】句意：你的新手表太漂亮了！你什么时候买的它？在四月份。我已经拥有它两个月了。have有，是延续性动词；buy (bought)买，是瞬间性动词。此处与时间段for two months连用，用现在完成时，谓语用延续性动词，故用 have had。故选A。A【解析】句意：一一最近，一些学校的学校暴力事件已经出现了。一一幸运的是，我们的政府已经实施了一些政策来阻止它。A.已经出现了 B.出现了 C.将出现。从答句知道暴力事件是已经出现的，排除C。那么暴力事件肯定是过去出现的，但对现在产生了影响，影响就是“我

32、们的政府已经实施了一些政策 来阻止它“，动作在过去发生且对现在产生影响就要使用现在完成时，故选AoA【解析】句意：一一自从共用自行车出现以来，我就更容易去上班了。一一但它们也造成了很多问题。考查连词辨析题。A. since自从，后接时间名词或从句，表一段时间，用于现在完成时；B. before在以前，表时间；C. unless除非，表条件；D. though尽管，表让步。本句是时间状语从句，可排 除CD两项。根据句意结构和语境，可知before不合句意，故选 A。D【解析】句意：一一看，有人把灯关了。一一不是我，我没彳它。根据 it wasn t me. I didn可知谑o it.动作已经发

33、生，现在的结果是灯灭了，所以用现在完成时态；故选 DoB【解析】句意：我昨天看到Linda的时候，她非常的忙，她正在为考试复习。will study 一般将来时态，将要学习；was studying过去进行时态，表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作；has studied现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响；is studying现在进行时，表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。根据句中所给的情景see her yesterday可知，这里表示昨天看到Linda的时候，她正在做的事情，应用过去进行时态，故选BoC【解析】句意：一一这是你的照相机吗？一一是的，我已经买了两个星期了。此题考查现在完成时。题目

34、中的for two weeks说明用的是现在完成时，可以排除选项 A和B。剩下的选项 C和D中，由于buy(买)是瞬间动词，在现在完成时中，瞬间动词不能够与一段时间连用，需要转换成相对应的延 续性动词have,所以答案选 CoC【解析】句意:除了扬姆不鸣丽之外，我们班上每个人都去置北京考查现在完成时.由句意可知句子日排为现在完成时，构成为=have h时动词过去分词宁have been to表示去过某地？已登回来3 have gone3表示去了某地问能在路上他可能已经到达而据Evvqii; in my class except Tom and MarytoBcijm群可知,这里表示除了汤姆和玛

35、丽之外，我们班上每个人都去过北京, 说明去过北京都已翌回来 了 f所以用廊& been to。本句的王语是仃叮的中所以助动词用自下故答案选gA【解析】句意：高铁、扫码支付、共享购被称为“中国四大新发明。它们使我们的日常生活更加便利。A. have made现在完成时； B. had made过去完成时；C. have been made现在完成时态的 被动语态；D. made 一般过去时态。中国新的四大发明已经给我们的生活带来了极大的便利，需要用 现在完成时态来表达，故选 A oB【解析】句意：Sarah已经参观过北京许多有趣的地方了。本题考查动词时态。根据句意和already可知此处要用现在

36、完成时。故选BoA【解析】句意： 一一巴黎是个很好的地方。一一是的，我去过那儿两次。考查现在完成时。从 twice可判断句子的时态应用现在完成时，其构成为：have/has+动词过去分词。have been表示去过某地，已经返回；have gone表示去了某地，可能已经到达某地也可能在去某地的路上。本题从 So it is. Ithere twice.判断这里说的应该是去过某地，已经返回，所以用have been；副词there前省略to,故选A。A【解析】考查现在完成时的用法。句意：一一看！你的老师怀特小姐在那边。 一一不，那肯定不是她。她去了北京。A. has gone去了某地，表示该人不

37、在说话地点；B. has been去过某地，表示主语曾经去过某地，有这种经历； C. went过去式，去；D. will go将来时态，将要去。根据前面的否定猜测，可 知怀特小姐去了北京，故选 AoD【解析】考查现在完成时的用法。句意：对我家乡的新面貌我感到吃惊，因为这几年它变化很大。A.changed改变，过去式；B. changes第三人称单数形式；C. will change 一般将来时；D. has changed现在完成时。over the years指最近几年即从过去到现在的几年，所以用现在完成时，故选 D。模拟检测1. D 【解析】句意：一一珍尼，你穿着新裙子真漂亮。一一谢谢！但是我穿了几次了。A. wear 一般现在时态形式；B. will wear 一般将来时态形式；C. was wearing过去进行时态形式；D. have worn现在完成时态形式。由for several time