2022年《新概念英语第二册》语法归纳总结

1、新概念英语其次册语法总结一,冠词The Article 学问要点：冠词是一种虚词,放在名词的前面,帮忙说明名词的含义；冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article ）和定冠词（The definite Article ）两种；a an 是不定冠词,a 用在辅音之前：如 a book, a man; an 用在元音之前,如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book 等；the 是定冠词；一,不定冠词的用法1,指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）；这是不定冠词aan的基本用法；如：Sheisagirl. I ama teacher. Pleasepa

2、ss me an apple. 2,指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物；如：He borrowed a story-book from the library. A Wang is looking for you. 一位姓王的同志正在找你；3,表示数量,有“一”的意思,但数的概念没有 one 猛烈；如：I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 4,用于某些固定词组中；如：a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a

3、 good time, for a while, for a long time 等；5,用在抽象名词前,表具体的介绍 a + 抽象名词,起具体化的作用；如：This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣；It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件高兴的事情；It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 二,定冠词的用法：参加这个会,对我来说是一种荣誉；1,特指某（些）人或某（些）事物；这是定冠词 the 的基本用法；如：Beijing is

4、 the capital of China. -可编辑修改- 第 1 页,共 187 页The pen on the desk is mine. 2,指谈话双方都知道的人或事物；如：Where is the teacher. Open the window, please. 3,指上文提过的人或事物（其次次显现）；如：There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms. The baby was thin. 4,用在世界上独一无二的事物前；如：the earth, the

5、 moon, the sun. 5,用在序数词和形容词最高级前；（副词最高级前的定冠词可省略）如：He is always the first to come to school. Bob is the tallest in his class. 6,用在某些专出名词前（由一般名词构成的专用名词）；如：the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Science Museum, the Children s Palace, the Party 等；7,用在一些习惯用语中；如：on the day, in the morning afternoon, evenin

6、g, the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next year, by the way 等；8,用在江河湖海,山脉前；如：the Yellow River, the Pacific Ocean, the Alps, the Himalayas 9,用在报刊,杂志前；如：thePeoples Daily, the Evening Paper, the Times 泰晤士报；10 ,表示某一家人要加定冠词；如：The Browns are at home to receive visitors today. 布朗一家今日要接待客

7、人；11 ,用在形容词前,表某一类人；如：the poor, the wounded, the living, the dead, the rich, the sick 等；12 ,定冠词可以表示一事物内部的某处；如：The driver always sits in the front of the buscar. 三,零冠词（即不用冠词）：-可编辑修改- 第 2 页,共 187 页1,专用名词和不行数名词前；如：China, America, Grade One, Class Two, milk, oil, water, paper, science 等；2,名词前已有作定语用的this,

8、 that, my, your, some, any 等代词；如：Go down this street. 3,复数名词表示一类人或事物时；如：We are students. I like reading stories. Day, Children s Day, National Day, in summer, inJuly4,节日,日期,月份,季节前；如：Teachers 等；TodayisNewYears Day. It is Sunday. March8is Women s Day. 5,在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前,特殊作表语,宾补时；如：What s the matter, Gra

9、nny. We elected him monitor. 6,在某些习惯用语中的名词前；如：at noon, at night, at first, at last, at most, at least, by bustrain, air, sea, in bed, in time, in front of, go to school, go to bed, go to college, on foot, at table, in ink, in pencil 等；7,在三餐饭和球类运动前；如：She goes to school after breakfast every morning.

10、We are going to play football. We usually have lunch at school. 8,科目前不加；如：We learn Chinese, maths, English and some other subjects. 【专项训练】：1,We cant livewithoutair. C the D some A an B -可编辑修改-第 3 页,共 187 页2, Have you seen pen. I left it here this morning. science. Is it black one. I think I saw it s

11、omewhere. A a; the B the; the C the; a D a; a 3,I vebeenwaiting for him for hour and half. A ; B the; a Ca; the Dan; a 4,What fine weather we have today. A a B C some D an 5,Have you ever seen as tall as this one. A a tree B such tree C an tree D tree 6,Children usually go to school at age of six. A

12、 ; the B a; an Cthe; Dthe; the 7,Himalayas is highest mountain in world. A ; the; B The; the; the C A; a; a D ; 8,They each have book.LiHuas isaboutwriter. Wang Lins isonA a; a; B the; ; the C ; the; D a; the; a 9,Physics is science of matter and energy. A The; B ; C; the DA; a 10 ,sun rises in east

13、 and sets in west. A A; an; a B The; ; CThe; the; the DA; the; a 11 ,Many people agree that knowledge of English is a must in international trade today. A a; B the; an C the; the D ; the bad 12 , Mr Jones called while you were out neither of us knows this man. He was in temper. A;a B A; CThe; the DA

14、; a -可编辑修改- 第 4 页,共 187 页13 ,They were at dinner then. It was delicous one. A a; the B ; C;a Da; a 14 ,what kind of car do you want to buy. A B the C a D an 15 ,Alice is fond of playing piano while Henry is interested in listening to music. A ; the B ; Cthe; Dthe; the 16 ,Beyond stars, the astronaut

15、 saw nothing but space. A the; B ; the C ; Dthe; the 17 ,Alexander Graham Bell invented telephone in 1876. A B a C the D one 18, Wheres Jack. I thinkhes stillin bed, but he might just be in bathroom. A ; B the; the Cthe; D; the 19 ,Many people are still in habit of writing silly things in public pla

16、ces. A the; the B ; Cthe; D; the 20, I dlike information about the management of your hotel, please. Well, you could have word with the manager. He might be helpful. A some; a B an; some C some; some D an; a 【答案】：1,B air 是不行数名词；2,D 此题为97 年高考题；依据句意,第一空是泛指,第一次显现；其次空仍是泛指,且表数量“” 3,D 元音前用an ；4,B weather

17、是不行数名词；-可编辑修改- 第 5 页,共 187 页5,A 6,A 7,B 8,A 9,C 此题为85 年高考题；泛指；go to school 是固定短语；山脉,形容词最高级及世界上的唯独的名词前加定冠词；第一,二空泛指,第三空,science 是不行数名词；第一空,科目前不加冠词；其次空特指,有定语；10 ,C 11 ,A 第一空,a + 不行数名词表具体的介绍；其次空,trade 不行数；12 ,D 第一空是指有一位琼斯先生在您不在的时候来访；（括号里说明,我们俩都不熟识这个人,因此不是特指；）其次空是固定短语,心情不好；13 ,C 第一空at dinner 正在吃饭,固定短语；14

18、 ,A 泛指15 ,C 此题是 89 年高考题：乐器前加定冠词；music 是不行数名词；16 ,A 此题是 90 年高考题：stars 前应加定冠词；space 不行数；17 ,C 此题是 91 年高考题：制造应是特指；18 ,D 此题是 92 年高考题；in bed 是固定短语,不加冠词；19 ,C 此题是 93 年高考题；第一空后有定语,固是特指；其次空,public places, 公共场所,泛指；20 ,A 此题是 95 年高考题；information 是不行数名词；have a word with sb. 是固定短语；二,名词Nouns 学问要点：一,名词的种类：1,专出名词：1

19、）China, Japan, Beijing, London, Tom, Jack （不加冠词）等；（由一般名词2）the Great Wall, the Yellow River, the People s Republic of China, the United States -可编辑修改- 第 6 页,共 187 页构成的专出名词,要加定冠词；）2,一般名词物质名词：water,rice,oil ,paper 1）不行数名词 抽象名词：health,trouble,work ,pleasure,honor 留意：不行数名词前一般不加冠词,尤不加不定冠词：如加 aan 就使之具体化了；如

20、：have a wonderful time. 不行数名词作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；不行数名词一般无复数形式；部分物质名词在表不同类别时,可用复数形式；如：fishes, newspapers, waters, snows | | | 积雪各种各样的鱼各种报纸河湖,海水有些抽象名词也常用复数,变为可数的具体的事物；如：times 时代,works 著作,difficulties 困难在表数量时,常用“ of”词组来表示；如：a glass of milk, a cup of tea, two pieces of paper . 2）可数名词：可数名词除用复数形式表一类之外,一般都要加

21、冠词：A birdcaufly. The frog is a kind of hibernating animal. Vegetables sold at this shop are usually fresh. 有复数形式：a）规章变化 加“s”或 e“s ”（与中学同,略）b）不规章变化 child children, foot feet, tooth teeth, man men, woman women, mouse mice, goose geese, Englishman Englishmen, phenomenonphenomena 留意：c）单,复数同形：sheep, deer

22、, Chinese, Japanese, fish （同一种鱼）；如,a sheep, two sheep -可编辑修改- 第 7 页,共 187 页d）只用复数形式：thanks, trousers, goods, clothes, socks, shoes, e）形复实单：physics, politics, maths, news, plastics （塑料）,means. f）形单实复：people 人民,人们,the police, cattle 等g）集合名词如：family, public, group, class 等；当作为整体时,为单数；当作为整体中的各个成员时,为复数；如

23、：My family is a big one. My family are music lovers. h）复合名词变复数时,a 只把复合名词中的主体各词变为复数形式；如：sisters-in-law 嫂子,弟妹；step-son s 继子；editor s -in-chief 总编辑；b 如没有主体名词就在最终一个词的后面加“ s ”；如：grown-ups成年人,go-betweens 中间人c ）woman, man 作定语时,要与被修饰的名词的数一样；如：a man servant men servants, a woman doctor women doctors 二,名词的全部格

24、：1,表有生命的东西（人或动物）的名词全部格,一般在名词后加“ s”；如：Mikes bag,Childrens Day, my brothers room, womens rightss ”；如：TeachersDay, the workers 留意：1 ）名词复数的词尾是-s 或-es,它的全部格只在词后加“ rest-home （工人疗养院）,the students reading-room 2）复合名词的全部格,在后面的词后加“ s ”；如：herson-in-lawbook （其他任何人的书）s photo（她女婿的照片）；anybodyelses 3）假如一样东西为两人或两人以上

25、共有,就在最终的一个名词后面加“ s”；假如不是共有,就每个词后都要加“ s”；如：JaneandHelens room. 珍妮和海伦的房间（共有）. Bills and Tom s radios.比尔的收音机和汤姆的 收音机（不共有）4）表地点（店铺,某人的家等）的名词全部格后面,一般省去它所修饰的名词；如：thetailors 裁缝铺 thedoctors 诊所 Mr Browns 布朗先生的家 5）有些表时间,距离,国家,城镇的无生命的名词,也可加“ s ”表全部格；-可编辑修改- 第 8 页,共 187 页如：halfanhours walk 半小时的路程Chinas agricult

26、ure 中国的农业 2,表示无生命的东西的名词一般与of 构成词组,表示全部格；如：the cover of the book 3,表示有生命的东西的名词也可以用the story of Dr Norman Bethune of ,特殊是名词较长,有较多的定语时；如：Do you know the name of the boy standing at the gate. 4,“of 词组+全部格”的用法：在表示所属物的名词前有冠词,数词,不定代词或指示代词（如：a, two, some, a few, this, that, these, those 等）时,常用“ of 词组+全部格”的形

27、式来表示全部关系；如：afriend of my father s 我父亲的一位伴侣；someinventions of Edisons 爱迪生的一些制造those exercise-books of the students 同学们的那些练习本；【专项训练】：1,There are only twelve in the hospital. A woman doctors B women doctors C women doctor Dwoman doctor 2,Mr Smith has two , both of whom are teachers in a school. A broth

28、ers-in-law B brother-in-laws C brothers-in-laws D brothers-in law 3, How many does a cow have. Four. A stomaches B stomach C stomachs D stomachies 4,Some visited our school last Wednesday. DGermens A German B Germen C Germans -可编辑修改-第 9 页,共 187 页5,The of the building are covered with lots of . A roo

29、fs; leaves B rooves; leafs C roof; leaf Droofs; leafs 6,When the farmer returned home he found three missing. A sheeps B sheepes C sheep Dsheepies 7,That was a fifty engine. A horse power B horses power C horse powers D horses powers 8,My father often gives me . A many advice B much advice C a lot o

30、f advices Da few advice 9,Mary broke a while she was washing up. A tea cup B a cup of tea Ctea s cupDcup tea 10 ,Can you give us some about the writer. A informations B information C piece of informations D pieces information 11 ,I had a cup of and two pieces of this morning. A teas; bread B teas; b

31、reads C tea; breads D tea; bread 12 ,As is known to us all, travels much faster than . A lights; sounds B light; sound C sound; light D sounds; lights 13 ,She told him of all her and . A hope; fear B hopes; fear C hopes; fears D hope; fears -可编辑修改- 第 10 页,共 187 页14 ,The rising did a lot of to the cr

32、ops. A water; harm B water; harms C waters; harm D waters; harms 15 , How far away is it from here to your school. It s about . A halfanhours drive B half hours drives C half an hour drives D half an hour drive 16,The shirt isnt mine. It s . A Mrs Smith B Mrs Smith C Mrs Smiths DMrs Smith s 17 ,Miss

33、 Johnson is a friend of . A Mary s mother B Mary s mothers CMary mother s DMary s mother s 18 ,Last week I called at my . A aunt B aunts Caunts D auntes 19 ,The beach is a throw. A stone B stones C stones Dstones 20 ,I can hardly imagine sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A Peter B Pete

34、r C Peters D Peters 【答案】：1 ,B 2,A 3 ,C stomach （胃）虽是“ch ”结尾,但其发音为k ,所以加“s ”,不用加“es”；4 ,C 5 ,A roof, chief, gulf, belief 等词的复数形式,直接加“ s”；-可编辑修改- 第 11 页,共 187 页6 ,C 7,A 名词作定语一般不用复数；8 ,B 9 ,A 依据句意,打破的应是杯子,而不是茶；名词作定语表类别不用加“ s”；10 ,B 11 ,D 12 ,B 13,C 14 ,C 15 ,A 16 ,D 依据上句,此处应是史密斯太太的衬衫；17 ,D 18 ,C 19,D a

35、stones throw 是固定短语,意为“近在咫尺”；20 ,B 此句中Peter 作动名词sailing 的全部格,本应用 Peter s ,但因其在动词后作宾语,所以可用宾格,因此 B 为正确答案；三,主谓一样Agreement 学问要点：在英语的句子中,谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一样；如何判定,就要看句子的意思；多数情形下,依据句子的主语形式就能判定,但有的就要看整句的意思,及强调的内容；下面我们就常用的,易混的几种情形作一下说明；1,以单数名词或代词,不定式,动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式；如：1）The book is on the table. 2）He

36、 is reading English. 3）To work hard is necessary. （It is necessary to work hard. ）4）How you get there is a problem. 2,复数主语跟复数动词；如：Children like to play toys. here,there 开头,be 动词与后面第一个名词3,在倒装句中,动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一样；如以一样；如：1）There is a dog near the door. 2）There were no schools in this area before liberat

37、ion. -可编辑修改-第 12 页,共 187 页3）Here comes the bus. 4）On the wall were two famous paintings. 5）Here is Mr Brown and his children. 4,and 连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时,谓语动词用复数；假如主语后跟有 with, together with, except, but, perhaps , like, including, as well as, no less than, more than, rather than 等引起的短语,谓语动词仍与短语前的主语的形式保持一样

38、；如：1）Jane, Mary and I are good friends. 2）He and my father work in the same factory. 3）His sister, no less than you, is wrong. 4）The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible for the accident. 5）He, like you and Xiao Liu is very diligent. 6）Every picture except these two has been sold. 7）Alic

39、e with her parents often goes to the park on Sundays. 8）Alice as well as her friends was invited to the concert. 9）Nobody but Mary and I was in the classroom at that time. 5,并列主语假如指的是同一个人,同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数,and 后面的名词没有冠词；如：1）The writer and worker is coming to our school tomorrow. 这位工人作家明天要来我们学校；2）Br

40、ead and butter is their daily food. 面包和黄油是他们每日的食品；3）The writer and the worker are coming to our school tomorrow. 那位作家和那位工人明天将来我们学校；6,and 连接的并列单数名词前如有each, every, no, many a 修饰时,谓语动词要用单数形式；如：1）Every boy and girl has been invited to the party. 2）No teacher and no student is absent today. 全部的孩子都被邀请参加这次

41、聚会；今日没有老师和同学缺席；-可编辑修改- 3）Many a student is busy with their lessons. 7,each, either, one, another, the other, neither 1）Each takes a cup of tea. 2）Either is correct. 3）Neither of them likes this picture. 许许多多的同学都忙着复习他们的功课；作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式；如：8,由every, some, any, no 构成的合成代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式；如：1）Is everyone

42、here. 2）Nothing is to be done. 没有什么要干的事儿了；9,关系代词who, that, which 等在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一样；如：1）Those who want to go please sign their names here. 2）Anyone who is against this opinion may speak out. 3）He is one of the students who were praised at the meeting. 10 ,表示时间,距离,价格,度量衡等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看待时

43、,其谓语动词常用单数形式；如：1）Three years is not a long time. 2）Ten dollars is what he ）Five hundred miles is a long distance. 11 ,复数形式的专出名词作为整体看待（如人名,地点,国家,组织,书籍,报刊等）,动词用单数形式；如：1）The United States is in North America. 2）The United Nations has passed a resolution 决议；3）“The ArabianNights”（天方夜谭）isaninterestingbook

44、.12 ,有些集体名词如 family, team, group, class, audience （听众,观众）,government 等作主语时,如看 作是一个整体,谓语动词就用单数形式；如强调各个成员时,谓语动词要用复数形式；如：-可编辑修改- 第 14 页,共 187 页1）My family is going to have a long journey. 我家要进行一次长途旅行；2）My family are fond of music. 我家人都宠爱音乐；3）The class has won the honour. 这班获得了荣誉；4）The class were jumpin

45、g for joy. 全班同学都兴奋得跳了起来；13 ,all, more, most, some, any, none, half, the rest 谓语动词要依据实际情形而定；如：1）All of the apple is rotten. 整个苹果都烂了；等作主语时,既可表示复数意义,也可表示单数意义,2）All of the apples are rotten. 全部的苹果都烂了；3）Most of the wood was used to make furniture 家具；14 ,the + 形容词（或分词）作主语时,常指一类人,谓语动词用复数形式；如指的是抽象概念,谓语动词就用单

46、数形式；如：1）The young are usually very active. 年轻人通常是很活跃的；2）The wounded are being taken good care of here now. 现在伤病员们在这里受到了很好照管；15 ,or, either or , neither nor , whether or, not only but also 连接的是主语,谓语动词与后一个主语一样；如：1）Either you or I am going to the movies. 2）Not only you but also he is wrong. 16 ,不行数名词没有

47、复数形式,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式；如：1）Water is a kind of matter. 2）The news at six o clockis true. 17 ,集合名词如：people, police ,cattle 等作主语,谓语动词用复数形式；如：1）The police are searching for him. 2）The cattle are grassing 吃草；-可编辑修改- 第 15 页,共 187 页18 ,population 当人口讲时,谓语动词用单数形式；当人们讲时,谓语动词用复数；如：1）The population of China is la

48、rger than that of Japan. 2）One third of the population here are workers. 19 ,the number of + 名词复数,是表示“ 的数字”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式；a large / great number of + 名词复数,表示许多,作主语时；谓语动词用复数形式；1）The number of the students in our school is increasing year after year. 2）A number of students have gone for an outing. 20

49、 ,means, politics, physics, plastics 【专项训练】等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式；1,Nothing but cars in the shop. A is sold B are sold C were sold Dare going to sell 2,No one except Jack and Tom the answer. A know B knows C is knowing D are known 3,Seventy percent of the students in our school from the countryside. A is B

50、 are C comes D are coming 4,of the money used up. A Three-five, are B Three-fifths, have been C Three-fifths, has been D Third-fifths, is 5,The number of the people who cars increasing. A owns, are B owns, is C own, is D own, are 6,One of Marx s works written in English in the 1860s. A was B were Cw

51、ould be Dare 7,The sheets for your bed washing. -可编辑修改- 第 16 页,共 187 页A needs B are needing C want Dare wanting 8,On each side of the street a lot of trees. A stands B grow Cis standing Dare grown 9,Some person calling for you at the gate. A are B is C is being D will be 10 ,All that can be eaten ea

52、ten up. A are being B has been C had been D have been 11,Tom s teacherandfriendMr. Smith. A are B is C are being D has 12 ,Your new clothes fit you, but mine me. A doesnt fit B dont fit Cdoesnt fit for Ddont fit for 13 ,Neither he nor I for the plan. A am B are C is D were 14 ,Many a student that mi

53、stake before. A has made B have made C has been made D had made 15 ,Peter, perhaps John, playing with the little dog. A is B are C were Dseems 16 ,Laying eggs the ant queen s full-timejob.A is B are C has D have 17 ,Between the two buildings a monument. A stand B stands C standing D is standing 18 ,

54、I, who your good friend, will share your joys and sorrow. A am B is C are D was -可编辑修改- 第 17 页,共 187 页19 ,The United Nations in 1945. A were found B were founded C was founded D was found 20 ,were also invited to the party. A Mr Smith B The Smith CThe Smiths DSmiths 21 ,The glass works in 1959. A we

55、re set up B was set up C were put up D were built 22 ,Three hours with your girl friend to be a short time. A seem B seems Cis seeming Dhas seemed 23 ,It was reported that six including a boy. A was killed B were killed C was killing D had killed 24 ,The police a prisoner. A is searching for B are s

56、earching forC is searching D are searched for 25 ,Deer faster than dogs. A run B runs C are running D will run 26 ,The wounded good care of here now. A is taken B are being taken C are taking Dis taking 27 ,The whole class greatly moved at his words. A was B were Chad Dis 28 ,Over 80 percent of the

57、population of China peasants. A was B is C are D will be 29 ,There a knife and fork on the table. A seems to be B seem to be Cis seeming to be D are 30 ,Those who singing may join us. -可编辑修改- 第 18 页,共 187 页A are liking B likes Cenjoy Dis fond of 31 ,His family music lovers. A all are B are all C is

58、D are being 32 ,A professor and a writer present at the meeting. A was B is C were D had been 33 ,The pair of shoes worn out. A was B were Chave been Dhad been 34 ,The students in our school each an English dictionary. A have B has Chad Dare having 35 ,More than one answer to the question. A have be

59、en given B has been given C were given D had given 36 ,The boy sitting by the window is the only one of the students who school. A are B is C were D was 37 ,Our family a happy one. from the countryside in our A is B are Cwas Dwere 38 ,Most of the mistakes because of carelessness. A were made B are m

60、ade Chas been made Dwere making 39 ,Most of his time in reading novels. A are spent B is spent C were spent D was spending 40 ,The rest of the novel very interesting. A were B are Cis Dseem 41 ,I know that all getting on well with her. A was B is C are D were -可编辑修改- 第 19 页,共 187 页42 ,When and where