一轮复习17阅读七选五共

1、专题十七阅读七选五阅读七选五,旨在考查考生的篇章结构和语篇逻辑能力,因此,考试必须弄清文章的主旨大意和框架结构、掌握语篇的衔接手段,把握句际和段际之间的逻辑关系,才可有效解题。七选五阅读题的解题步骤是:一、速读全文,把握主旨速读全文,主要是首段和末段,及首句和末句。初步把握文章的主要内容。二、精读选项,锁定关键词阅读各个选项,标记出其中的关键词,重点关注句子的主语和宾语。三、细读空格前后,圈定线索词阅读设空前后的句子,圈定线索词,并与从选项中找出的关键词进行匹配,可能是相同的词,也可能是意思相近的词和词组,目的是确定答案。四、通读全文,复核答案再阅读文章和相关词句,检查是否结构连贯,语义通顺,

2、逻辑合理。北京大学吴瑕试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练Passage 1(2017全国)If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping.I would have laughed heartily.Campers,in my eyes,were people who enjoyed insect bites,ill-cooked meals,and fortable sleeping bags.They had nothing in common with

3、 me.1The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer.2 We slept in a tent,cooked over an open fire,and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom.This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work,recovering from a bad case of sunbur

4、n and the doctors bill for my sons food poisoning.试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练I was,nevertheless,talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness.3 Instead,we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner.My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessitie

5、s of life.4 We have done a lot of it since.Recently,we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set.There is a separate bedroom,a modern kitchen with a refrigerator.The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.5 It must be true that sooner or later,ev

6、eryone finds his or her way back to nature.I mend that you find your way in style.试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练A.This time there was no tent.B.Things are going to be improved.C.The trip they took me on was a rough one.D.I was to learn a lot about camping since then,however.E.I must say that I have certainly

7、come to enjoy camping.F.After the trip,my family became quite interested in camping.G.There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练【答案与解析】 【语篇解读】作者主要讲述了自己从一开始不喜欢露营,到最后爱上了露营的经历。作者认为每个人都会发现自己回归自然的方式并建议人们寻找自己的方式。1.D上文提到在作者看来,露营者是喜欢被虫咬、吃做得很糟糕的饭和睡不舒服的睡袋的人,这些人和他没有共同之处。

8、由此可知,所填的句子和上文有转折关系,D项符合上下文语境。2.C根据上文的“The friends who introduced me to camping.”和下文的“We slept in a tent,cooked over an open fire,and walked a long distance to take the shower.”可知,C项符合。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练3.A根据上文的“We slept in a tent.”和下文的“Instead,we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an ai

9、r conditioner.”可知,作者这次睡的不是帐篷。A项“这次没有帐篷”与上下文语境一致。4.F根据“We have done a lot of it since.Recently,we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer.”可知,F项“那次旅行后,我们一家人对露营产生了浓厚的兴趣”是这样做的原因。5.E根据下文的“It must be true that sooner or later,everyone finds his or her way back to nature.”可知,这是作者从自己的经历做出的推测,因此E项“我必须说我肯定

10、开始喜欢露营了”符合语境。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练Passage 2(2017全国)Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while youre trying to get work done.1,there are several ways to handle things.Lets take a look at them now.2.Tell the person youre sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then

11、ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.When people try to interrupt you,have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that youll find them then.3.It can help to eliminate(消除) future interruptions.试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练When you need to talk to someone,dont do it

12、in your own office.4,its much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are.If you have a door to your office,make good use of it.5.If someone knocks and its not an important matter,excuse yourself and let t

13、he person know youre busy so they can get the hint(暗示) that when the door is closed,youre not to be disturbed.试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练A.If youre busy,dont feel bad about saying noB.When you want to avoid interruptions at workC.Set boundaries for yourself as far as your time goesD.If youre in the other p

14、ersons office or in a public areaE.Its important that you let them know when youll be availableF.It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt youG.Leave it open when youre available to talk and close it when youre not试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练【答案与解析】 【语篇解读】本文是说明文。工作时被来访客人打扰是非常令人棘手的问题,本文介绍了

15、应付被打扰的情况的几种办法。1.B前文说,在你努力地完成工作时,被打扰是最坏的事情之一。后文说,下文就是解决这类问题的办法。分析句子结构可知,这里需要填写一个状语从句,结合前面的提示词Interruptions 可知选B项。B项起到了承上启下的连接作用。2.A从后面的“Tell the person youre sorry and explain that.”可知,作者鼓励人们拒绝这种打扰,因此选A项,如果你忙,不要因为拒绝而感到为难。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练3.E上文说,当人们试图打扰你工作的时候,你要定下时间计划,让他们知道在规定的时间回来找你或者你去找他们。下文说,这能帮

16、助消除以后他们的打扰。因此这里应该是,让他们知道你什么时候有空非常重要。故E项正确。4.D前文说,如果你需要和某人谈话,别在你自己的办公室里。所以选D项,意思是:如果你在别人的办公室里或者在一个公共场所,那就更容易脱身。5.G前文说,如果你的办公室有门,要好好利用它。由后文的解释可知这里是说,你有空的时候把门敞开,你没空的时候就把门关上。因此G项正确。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练Passage 3(2017全国)Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning,and put the blame on the alarm cl

17、ock.In fact,the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resetting your body clock.1 Heres how to make one. 2 In order to make a change,you need to decide why its important.Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family,get in some exercise,or just be better prepared for your day?Once y

18、ou are clear about your reasons,tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练 Rethink mornings.Now that you know why you want to wake up,consider re-arranging your morning activities.If you want time to have breakfast with your family,save some time the night b

19、efore by setting out clothes,shoes,and bags.3Thats a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer. Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends.If youre tired out by Friday night,sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful.But compensating on the weekends actually

20、 feeds into your sleepiness the following week,a recent study found.4 Keep a record and evaluate it weekly.Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel.After youve tried a new method for a week,take a look at your record.5If not,take another look at other methods you could try.试做真题透析真题高手必备

21、萃取高招对点精练A.Get a sleep specialist.B.Find the right motivation.C.A better plan for sleep can help.D.And consider setting a second alarm.E.If the steps you take are working,keep it up.F.Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time,no matter the day.G.Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the caf

22、e to get coffee.试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练【答案与解析】 【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍早上容易醒来的关键在于重新调整生物钟,对睡眠有个好的规划将大有裨益。然后讲述了制定规划的几种方法。1.C此句为过渡句。承上启下,根据下文“Here is how to make one.”可知,此处表示对睡眠有个好的规划将大有裨益。one相当于上文的a better place。2.B此句为主题句。首先形式上要与第二个标题“Rethink mornings.”相一致,然后根据下文内容“你是为了起床和家庭共进早餐、晨练,还是为了更好地休息,为一天做好准备?一旦明确了你的理

23、由,告诉你的家人或室友你想要做的改变。”可知,此处应为B项。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练3.G此句为过渡句。根据下文“Thats a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer.”可知,重新考虑排队等待咖啡的15分钟时间,如果你买一个定时咖啡壶,你就可以多享受15分钟的睡眠了。4.F此句为概括句。根据上文可知,周六美美地补一觉是不错,但研究表明,这样会影响下周的睡眠。因此,不管白天是否休息,都要遵守你的作息时间。5.E此句为过渡句。根据下文“If not,take

24、 another look at other methods you could try.”可知,尝试了一种新方法一周后,查看一下记录,如果起作用就坚持,不起作用就另寻他法。Passage 4(2016全国)A garden thats just right for youHave you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you,where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts?1.But it does

25、nt happen by accident.It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.2Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants,flowers,patterns and masses of color.Others are concerned about using ga

26、rdening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料).3.However,there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.One of them comes from our earliest years.试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练Recall(回忆) your childhood memoriesOur model of what a garden sho

27、uld be often goes back to childhood.Grandmas rose garden and Dads vegetable garden might be good or bad,but thats not whats important.4-how being in those gardens made us feel.If youd like to build a powerful bond with your garden,start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth.5.Then

28、go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden.Have fun.试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练A.Know why you gardenB.Find a good place for your own gardenC.Its our experience of the garden that mattersD.Its delightful to see so many beautiful flowersE.Still others may si

29、mply enjoy being outdoors and close to plantsF.You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden,tooG.For each of those gardens,write down the strongest memory you have试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练【答案与解析】 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。搭建属于自己的花园,亲近自然,体验种植的快乐,重温童年时代美好的记忆。1.F此句为过渡句,承上启下,根据下文的“But it doesnt happen

30、 by accident.”可知,此处要表示自己也能创造出这种效果。故F项合适。2.A此处为标题句,首先形式上要与第二个标题“Recall(回忆) your childhood memories”相一致,因此答案在A与B两项之间选择,根据后面“However,there are a number of other reasons.”可知,此段主要介绍要了解自己种植的原因。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练3.E此处为过渡句。根据开头提及的“Some people may think.”以及后面的“.other reasons”可知,此处表示“也有另一部分人纯粹是喜欢待在室外亲近自然”。故

31、选E项。4.C此处为过渡句。承接前一句“.but thats not whats important.”以及根据下文破折号后做出的解释可以看出,此处要表达“究竟什么是重要的”,故选C项。5.G此处为过渡句。根据前一句中“.recall the gardens of your youth.”,回忆自己儿时的花园,以及下文“.work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden.”将这些回忆变成真正的花园,可知此处表示“将记忆最深刻的地方写下来”,故选G项。Passage 5(2016全国)Se

32、cret codes (密码)keep messages panies,and government agencies use secret codes in doing business,especially when information is sent by computer.People have used secret codes for thousands of years.1 Code breaking never lags (落后) far behind code making.The science of creating and reading coded message

33、s is called cryptography.There are three main types of cryptography.2 For example,the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”3 You might represent each letter with a number,for example.Lets number the letters of the alphabet,in order,from 1 to 26.If

34、we substitute a number for each letter,the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5.”试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练A code uses symbols to replace words,phrases,or sentences.To read the message of a real code,you must have a code book.4 For example,“bridge” might stand for “meet” and “o

35、ut” might stand for “me.” The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” 5 However,it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.So codes must be changed frequently.试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练A.It is very hard to break a code without the code book.B.In any language,some letters are used more

36、 than others.C.Only people who know the keyword can read the message.D.As long as there have been codes,people have tried to break them.E.You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.F.With a code book,you might write down words that would stand for other words.G.Anot

37、her way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.【答案与解析】 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。主要介绍了设置密码的重要性和必要性、密码的历史、隐藏信息的方式以及密码本的重要性。1.D根据下文出现的Code breaking可知,此处介绍的是破译密码的内容,因此选择D项“只要有密码存在,人们就试图破译它”。2.E根据下文举出的例子可知,此处介绍的是隐藏信息的方式之一:把信息隐藏在每一个单词的首字母中,然后把首字母拼在一起,信息就出来了。3.G根据下文举出的例子可知,此

38、处介绍的是隐藏信息的另一种方式:用符号或数字代替特定的字母。4.F根据上文出现的a code book以及下文列举的例子可知,此处说明,用一本密码本,你可以写下代表其他单词的词语。5.A根据下文出现的also hard以及a code book可知,此处想要说明的是,没有密码本想要破解密码是很困难的。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练Passage 6(2016全国)Everyone knows that fish is good for health.1 But it seems that many people dont cook fish a

39、t home.Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year,but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home.Buying,storing,and cooking fish isnt difficult.2This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.3 Fresh fish should smell sweet:you should feel that youre sta

40、nding at the oceans edge.Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isnt fresh.4When you have bought a fish and arrive home,youd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you dont cook it immediately,but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two.Frozen fish isnt as tasty as t

41、he fresh one.试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练There are many common methods used to cook fish.5First,clean it and season it with your choice of spices(调料).Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound.(A larger one will take more time.)Then,its ready t

42、o serve.A.Do not buy it.B.The easiest is to steam it.C.This is how you can do it.D.It just requires a little knowledge.E.The fish will go bad within hours.F.When buying fish,you should first smell it.G.The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.【答案与解析】 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。大家都知道鱼对人的健康有好处,本文

43、主要告诉读者如何用一种简单的方法来买鱼和烧鱼。1.G根据该段第一句的内容可知,鱼对人的健康有好处,故此处应谈论鱼对人的健康到底有什么好处。G项的内容能够起到承接上文的作用。2.D上一句提到鱼的购买、贮存和烹调并不难,故D项“它只需要一些知识。”符合本段语境。3.F根据空后的句子主要讲述关于“买鱼时要闻鱼的气味”可知,F项能够与下文相辅相成。故选F项。4.A根据上一句可知,任何鱼腥或刺鼻的气味都说明鱼不新鲜了。故此处用A项来承接上文。5.B根据空前的句子“有多种常见的烧鱼方法。”以及下文主要讲述怎样蒸鱼可知,B项“最简单的方法就是蒸鱼”符合语境。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练试做真题透

44、析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练Passage 7(2016四川)Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries.1 In general,they can expect to live six or seven years more than men.One reason for this is biological.One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormon

45、es between men and women.2 Between the ages of about 12 and 50,women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育能力).These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and the blood flow.In fact,women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks.试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高

46、招对点精练3They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections.This means that women generally get sick less often and less seriously than men.The common cold is a good example:women,on average,get fewer colds than men.4Scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influence aging,but the

47、y believe that they do.Some think that a womans body cells have a tendency(倾向) to age more slowly than a mans.Others think that a mans body cells have a tendency to age more quickly.5试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练A.However,women,on average,live longer.B.The biological factor plays an important part.C.Women ar

48、e also helped by their female genes.D.The female hormones also protect the body in another way.E.Recent research seems to support both of these possibilities.F.Therefore,women are more healthy than men and can live a better life.G.Hormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control vari

49、ous body functions.试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练【答案与解析】 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。当今,在工业化国家,男性与女性的寿命都比较长。但是女性通常能比男性多活六到七年,这是因为男性与女性分泌的激素存在差异,而且女性的基因也起着重要的作用。研究表明,激素能帮助女性很好地控制血压、保护心脏,也能保护身体抵制某些类型的感染。1.A根据上文“当今,在工业化国家,男性和女性的寿命都比较长”和下文“一般来说,她们可以比男性多活六到七年”可知,“她们”是指“女性”,女性比男性活得时间更长一些,故选A项。2.G根据上文“女性的寿命更长,其中一个重要的生物学因素就是男性与女性分

50、泌的激素存在差异。”和下文“12岁至50岁之间,女性产生生育激素。”可知,此处是连接上下文的过渡句,故选G项,意为“激素是一种化学物质,它由肌体产生,并控制肌体的各个功能”。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练3.D根据上文“事实上,女性患有高血压或死于心脏病的几率要小。”和下文“他们帮助身体抵御某些类型的感染”可知,此处仍然讲述的是激素带来的好处,故选D项,意为“雌性激素也能以另一种方式保护身体”。4.C根据下文“虽然科学家们仍不确定基因对衰老的影响”可知,此处应选择与“基因”有关的选项,故选C项,意为“女性的基因也起着重要作用”。5.E根据上文的“Some think that.”和“

51、Others think that.”可知,对于这一问题有两种观点,故选E项,意为“最近的研究似乎支持这两种可能性”。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练Passage 8(2016北京)The Science of Risk-SeekingSometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward,the risk seems worth taking.1 Some of us enjoy activities that wou

52、ld surprise and scare the rest of us.Why?Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans.Risk-takers were better at hunting,fighting,or exploring.2 As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to

53、 the next,humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练So why arent we all jumping out of airplanes then?Well,even 200,000 years ago,too much risk-taking could get one killed.A few daring survived,though,along with a few stay-in-the-cave types.As a result,hu

54、mans developed a range of character types that still exists today.So maybe you love car racing,or maybe you hate it.3No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range,scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years.4 To help you do that,your brain increases you

55、r hunger for new experiences.New experiences often mean taking some risks,so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.5 For the risk-seekers,a part of the brain related to pleasure es active,while for the rest of us,a part of the brain related to fear es active.As experts continue to study

56、the science of risk-seeking,well continue to hit the mountains,the waves or the shallow end of the pool.试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练A.It all depends on your character.B.Those are the risks you should jump to take.C.Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.D.Thus,these well-equipped pe

57、ople survived because they were the fittest.E.This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.F.However,we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.G.New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situatio

58、n.试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练【答案与解析】 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。有人乐于冒险而有人却安于现状,本文中作者为我们分析了冒险意识背后的原因。1.F下文提到,有些人会喜欢一些让他人惊讶、害怕的活动,对前文进一步进行解释说明,与前文紧密衔接。F项的意思是:然而我们权衡风险和收益的参考标准不尽相同。2.CC项的意思是:擅长做那些事情就意味着更大的生存可能。those things指代的就是前文中的打猎、搏斗或探险,与前文紧密相连,故选C项。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练3.A或许你喜欢赛车,或许你不喜欢。这都取决于你的性格。A项与前文衔接紧密,故选A项。4.E选项中的t

59、his指代的是前文中的your teenage years;the bigger world与后文中的new experiences相对应。正是因为从家庭进入到更大的圈子中,才会渴望更多新的经历。5.G该空位于段首,为总起句。G项的意思是:新的大脑研究表明,在面临同一紧张情景时,我们的大脑会做出不同的反应。后文对该句进行了具体解释:喜欢冒险的人在面临紧张情景时大脑中与快乐有关的区域会变得活跃,而其他人则是大脑中与恐惧有关的区域变得活跃。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练Passage 9(2015全国)Building Trust in a Relationship AgainTrust

60、 is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences.1Trust is a risk.But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.Unfortunately,weve all been victims of betrayal.Whether weve