机电-体化专业英语Unit 8

1、Single Chip MicroprocessorPart I Technical and Practical Reading Passage A Introduction to Single Chip Microprocessor and Its Circuit Single-chip is an integrated on a single chip a complete computer system. Even though most of his features in a small chip, it has a need to complete the majority of

2、computer components: CPU, memory, internal and external bus system, most will have the core. At the same time, such as integrated communication interfaces, timers, real-time clock and other peripheral equipment. And now the most powerful single-chip microcomputer system can even voice, image, networ

3、king, input and output complex system integration on a single chip . Central Processing Unit (CPU) - ranging from small and simple 4-bit processors to sophisticated 32- or 64-bit processors; Input/Output interfaces such as serial ports (UARTs); A microcontroller is a single integrated circuit, commo

4、nly with the following features: Other serial communications interfaces like Serial Peripheral Interface and Controller Area Network for system interconnect; Peripherals such as timers and watchdog; RAM for data storage; ROM, EPROM, EEPROM or Flash memory for program storage; Clock generator - often

5、 an oscillator for a quartz timing crystal, resonator or RC circuit; Include analog-to-digital converters. Microcontroller architectures are available from many different vendors in so many varieties. Among these are the chief 8051, Z80 and ARM derivatives. Most microcontrollers can use a Harvard ar

6、chitecture: separate memory buses for instructions and data, allowing accesses to take place concurrently. In contrast to general-purpose CPUs, microcontrollers do not have an address bus or a data bus, because they integrate all the RAM and non-volatile memory on the same chip as the CPU. Because t

7、hey need fewer pins, the chip can be placed in a much smaller, cheaper package Also known as single-chip MCU (Microcontroller), it was first used in the field of industrial control. Only by the single-chip CPU chip developed from the dedicated processor. The design concept is the first by a large nu

8、mber of peripherals and CPU in a single chip, the computer system so that smaller, more easily integrated into the complex and demanding on the volume control devices. INTEL the Z80 is one of the first design in accordance with the idea of the processor, From then on, the MCU and the development of

9、a dedicated processor parted ways. More than a dedicated single-chip processor suitable for embedded systems, so it was up to the application. It is a type of microprocessor emphasizing self-sufficiency and cost-effectiveness, in contrast to a general-purpose microprocessor (the kind used in a PC).

10、In fact the number of single-chip is the worlds largest computer. Modern human life used in almost every piece of electronic and mechanical products will have a single-chip integration. Phone, telephone, calculator, home appliances, electronic toys, handheld computers and computer accessories such a

11、s a mouse in the Department are equipped with 1-2 single chips. And personal computers also have a large number of single-chip microcomputer in the workplace. Vehicles equipped with more than 40 Department of the general single-chip, complex industrial control systems and even single-chip may have h

12、undreds of work at the same time! SCM is not only far exceeds the number of PC and other integrated computing, even more than the number of human beings. Notes 1、Most microcontrollers can use a Harvard architecture: separate memory buses for instructions and data, allowing accesses to take place con

13、currently.本句为简单句。由allowing所引导的结构，在句中做伴随状语。本句可译为：多数单片机使用哈佛结构：用于指令和数据的存储总线分离，但可同时进行存储。2、Vehicles equipped with more than 40 Department of the general single-chip, complex industrial control systems and even single-chip may have hundreds of work at the same time! 句中equipped with所引导的结构，在句中做定语，修饰Vehicles

14、；本句可译为：汽车上一般配备40多部单片机，复杂的工业控制系统上甚至可能有数百台单片机在同时工作！ 1. Single-chip is a simple computer system, including a single chip.2. Many different vendors can provide microcontroller architectures of many kinds of varieties. 3. MCU stands for Microcontroller. 4. Also known as single-chip MCU, it was first used

15、 in the field of computer programming.5. The number of single-chip is actually the largest computer in the world. EXERCISE 1 Mark the following statements with T (True) or F (False) according to the passage. (F)(T)(T)(F)(T)1. flash memory _2. _ 单片机3. address bus _4. _ 随机存储器5. Light Emitting Diode _6

16、. _ 时钟发生器7. Universal Serial Bus _8. _ 模数转换器 EXERCISE 2Translate the following phrases into Chinese or English. 快闪存储器Single Chip Microprocessor地址总线Radom Access Memory发光二极管clock generator通用串行总线analog-to-digital converterPassage B Introduction to MCS51 series Single Chip Microprocessor The early singl

17、e-chip is 8-bit or all of the four. One of the most successful is INTELs 8031, because the performance of a simple and reliable access to a lot of good praise. A single-chip microcomputer system MCS51 series has been developed since then in 8031. Based on single-chip microcomputer system of the syst

18、em is still widely used until now. As the field of industrial control requirements increase in the beginning of a 16-bit single-chip, it is not ideal because the price has not been very widely used. After the 90s with the big consumer electronics product development, single-chip technology is a huge

19、 improvement. INTEL i960 Series with subsequent ARM in particular, a broad range of applications, quickly replaced by 32-bit single-chip 16-bit single-chip high-end status, and enter the mainstream market. Traditional 8-bit single-chip performance has been the rapid increase in processing power comp

20、ared to the 80s to raise a few hundred times. At present, the high-end 32-bit single-chip frequency over 300MHz, the performance of the mid-90s close on the heels of a special processor, while the ordinary price of the model dropped to one U.S. dollars, the most high-end models, only 10 U.S. dollars

21、. Contemporary single-chip microcomputer system is no longer only the bare-metal environment in the development and use of a large number of dedicated embedded operating system is widely used in the full range of single-chip microcomputer Now take an example for MCS51 series. AT89C2051 MCU, which is

22、 a series of 51 members, is the 8051 version of SCM. Internal comes with a programmable EPROM 2 k bytes of high-performance microcontrollers. With the industry standard MCS-51 orders and pin-compatible, so it is a powerful micro-controller, many embedded control applications, it provides a highly fl

23、exible and effective solutions. AT89C2051 has the following characteristics: 2 k bytes EPROM, 128 bytes RAM, 15 I / O lines, two 16-bit timers / counters, five vector two interrupt structure, a full two-way serial port, and includes precision analog comparator and on-chip oscillator, a 4.25 V to 5.5

24、 V voltage scope of work and 12 MHz/24MHz frequency, and also offers the encryption array of two program memory locking, power-down and the clock circuit. In addition, AT89C2051 also supports two kinds of software-selectable power-saving mode power supply. During my free time, CPU stop and let RAM,

25、timer / counter, serial port and interrupt system continue to work. Power-down can preserve the contents of RAM, but will stop oscillator and prohibit all the other functions until the next hardware reset. MCU clock signal is used to provide various micro-chip microcontroller operation of the benchm

26、ark time, and the clock signal is usually used by the form of two circuits: the internal and external oscillation. MCS-51 has a microcontroller internal oscillator for a reverse of the high-gain amplifier, pin XTALl and XTAL2 are here to enlarge the electrical inputs and outputs, as in-house approac

27、h, a simple circuit, from the clock signal relatively stable, and actually used often in this way, as shown in Figure 8-5 in its external crystal oscillator (crystal) or ceramic resonator constitutedan internal oscillation, an on-chip high-gain reverse amplifier and a feedback component of the chip

28、quartz crystal or ceramic resonator together to form a self oscillator and generate oscillation clock pulse. Figure 8-5 in the external crystal and capacitors C1 and C2 constitute a parallel resonant circuits, their stability from the oscillation frequency, rapid start-up role, and its value are abo

29、ut 30 PF, crystal frequency of elections 12 MHz. In order to initialize the internal MCU some special function register to be reset by the way, will reset after the CPU and system components identified in the initial state, and from the initial state began work properly. MCU is reset on the circuit

30、to achieve, in the normal operation of circumstances, as long as the RST-pin on a two machine cycle time over the high, can cause system reset, but if sustained for the RST-pin HIGH, in a circle on the MCU reset state. After the system will reset input / output (I / O) home port register for the FFH

31、, stack pointer SP home for 07 H, SBUF built-in value for the indefinite, all the rest of the register for 0, the status of internal RAM from the impact of reduction, On the system, when the contents of RAM is volatile. Reset operation uses two situations in which a power-on reset and manual (switch

32、) reduction. The system uses a power-on reset mode. Figure 8-5 in the R0 and C0 formed a power-on reset circuit and its value for R for 4.7 K, C for the 10 uF. EXERCISE 3 Choose the best operation orders according to the information given. A. LED LightsB. MicrocontrollerC. USB SocketD. RAM B. Microc

33、ontrollerA. LED LightsC. USB SocketD. RAM QC Quality Control _2. r.b. Roller Bearing _3. r.c. Reaction Coupling _4. S.E. Standard Error _ 5. S.H.P. Shaft Horse-power _ 6. Sh. S. Sheet Steel _ 7. S/M Surface-to-mass Ratio _8. SL Square Law _ EXERCISE 4Abbreviations are very useful in practical work.

34、Read them and then translate them into corresponding Chinese terms. 质量控制滚动轴承电抗耦合基本误差轴马力钢板表面/质量比平方律Part II Glance at Single Chip Microprocessor Structures The following is the Vice Jaw Structures。 Explanations of the Single Chip Microprocessor Terms No.NameExplanation1AGP 2.0 Compliant可兼容的加速图形接口2.024

35、Mode Support支持4模式3Fast Write Support支持快写模式4AGP 4Interface加速图形4接口5Dual IDE一对电子集成驱动器6ATA33/66/100微型计算机系统接口33/66/100系列7Dual USB Controller一对通用串行总线控制器8G USB Support支持千兆通用串行总线9GPCI Master千兆主机外设连接接口10KB/Mouse键盘/鼠标11Floppy/Midi/Joystick软盘/音乐设备数字接口/摇杆12LPC S/IO本地过程调用机构的S/IO系统13BIOS基本输入输出系统14BIOS Legacy基本输入输

36、出系统第二代1510/100Mb LAN10/100兆位局域网16PHY实体层17ACR存取控制寄存器181/10Mb HPNA1/10兆位家庭电话线网络适配器19V.90 ModemV.90调制解调器20MII介质无关接口21AC97 AudioAC97音频22Max. 512MB per DIMM双列直插式内存模块，每个最大为512兆位233 DIMM Unbuffered SDRDDR Support3个双列直插式内存模块，支持无缓冲的同步动态随机存储器/双倍速率同步动态随机存储器24PC133DDR266 个人计算机速率133MHz/双倍速率同步动态随机存储器速率266 MHz25FS

37、B266MHz前端总线频率266MHz26Support AMD Athlon and Duron CPU支持AMD公司的速龙系列和杜龙系列CPUEXERCISE 5The following is the Vice Jaw. After reading them, you are required to choose the suitable words or phrases given below. CPU Expansion board Battery AGP slot L2 CachePCI slots Keyboard connector ISA slots RAM (SIMM mo

38、dules)Part III Simulated WritingSection A Match Your SkillThe following is the Lathe Accessories, and you can understand the name of Inner Dial Caliper Gauge. Explanations of the Toll BitsNo.NameExplanation1Platform Flash for storing FPGA configurations现场可编程门阵列板式光闪存储器2USB2 port for FPGA configuratio

39、ns用于现场可编程门阵列存储器的系列2通用串行总线口3Compact flash card port for FPGA configurations and removable storage用于现场可编程门阵列存储器的闪存卡口和可移动存储装置4PS/2 mouse and keyboard portPS/2系列鼠标和键盘口5RS-232 serial portRS-232系列串行口6Power connector and switch电源接口和开关7XSGA Video Port 高分辨率视频口8SATA connectors for Gigabit serial I/O用于千兆位串行输入/

40、输出口的串行ATA连接器910/100 Ethernet MAC/PHY10/100系列以太网媒体存取控制/实体层10Stereo audio AC97 codecAC97系列立体声音频编解码器11Three high current power supplies with continuous monitoring三个可进行连续监控的高电流电源12High-speed expansion connector compatible with Digilent boards可与Digilent系列板兼容的高速扩展接头13Buttons, switches, and LEDs按钮、开关和发光二极管

41、14Low-speed expansion connector compatible with Digilent boards可与Digilent系列板兼容的低速扩展接头15DDR SDRAM DIMM slot holds up to 2GBytes容量可达2048M字节的双倍速率同步动态随机存储器插槽/双列直插式内存模块插槽Virtex-II Pro16XC2VP30 FPGAVirtex-II Pro XC2VP30系列现场可编程门阵列存储器17SMA connectors for Gigabit serial I/O用于千兆位串行输入/输出口的系统管理连接器18System ACE c

42、hip for Compact Flash I/O提供闪存卡输入/输出口的ACE系统芯片19Additional I/O via four 60-pin headers有4个60针的附加输入/输出口EXERCISE 6Complete the information by translating the part given in Chinese. 73M1822 Single Chip Line InterfaceSingle package Modem Data Access Arrangement (DAA)Features： Full range of supported capabi

43、lities for DAA operation PSTN line termination and impedance matching 0 dBm Transmit/Receive full scale Line isolation Hook control (less than 4mA line current required) Ring detection Billing tone filter Call Progress Monitor THD 85 dB MAFE interface support of Master, Slave and Daisy Chain modes L

44、ow power modes Wake-on-Ring Polarity Reversal detection without host intervention Section B Have a TryThis section will help you to understand several forms of machining, and you can see the simple way a small part is produced. Internal Operations Internal Operations Reaming - An operation in which

45、a reamer enters the workpiece axially and enlarges an existing hole to the diameter of the tool. Reaming removes a minimal amount of material and is often performed after drilling to obtain both a more accurate diameter and a smoother internal finish. A finish reaming operation will use a slower cut

46、ting feed and cutting speed to provide an even better finish. EXERCISE 7This section is to test your ability to Identifying following features of different operations. Bored taper Reamed hole Reaming (Milling machine) Reaming (Milling machine) Reamed hole Bored taper Part IV Broaden Your Horizon - P

47、ractical Activity The 3D LED Cube Completed This part shows some of the stuff done over the past month.Now, on to the work completed. The first thing we did was a lot of programming. I wondered if we could time modulate the bicolor LEDs to get 16 levels each of red and green, giving a total of 256 c

48、olors. To do this well, it would take a double-buffered interrupt driven display, so the first thing I did was get this running, with a simple rule: color 0 is 0 slices on out of 15, color 1 is 1 slice out of 15, up to color 15 is all 15 out of 15 on. We estimated wed need about 50 frames per second

49、 to avoid visual flickering, and each interrupt draws 8 pixels, so to get all 64 LEDs updating 50 times a second with a pattern cycle length of 15 would take 50*(64/8)*15 = 6000 interrupts a second. Since our PIC runs 8 MIPS, wed have 223/6000 = 1400 cycles per interrupt. After programming this, there was still weird flicker on some colors, and it took a lot of work to eliminate this. We also added 4 buttons for control and debugging purposes. Here is the resulting circuit . Here are the buttons to control the cube. Here is the main