英语译林牛津版必修二Unit1 Tales of the unexplained Grammar and usuage 课件（共65张PPT）

1、Unit 1Present perfect tense& Present prefect continuous tense GrammarLead-inLook at the following sentences and try to explain why the tense is used in these sentences.1. We have studied English for about five years.2. They have lived there since 1990.3. She hasnt finished her homework yet.4. Eric h

2、as just come back.5. How long have you been here?1. The form of the present perfect tense:We form the present perfect tense with have/has and the past participle of the verb.have (has) +过去分词Justin has disappeared, so Kelly is very sad.We use the present perfect tense to talk about things that happen

3、ed in the recent past, but are connected to the present.Note:2. The uses of the present perfect tense:I have not seen Justin since last Friday night.We also use the present perfect tense to talk about something that started in the past and is still happening now.Note:I havent seen your for ages.He h

4、as just gone out.It has been very cold lately.She has already finished her homework.He hasnt seen her since the meeting. Note: We use the present perfect tense when the exact time of an action is not clear or important.We use it with time expressions such as:already ever for just lately never recent

5、ly since yet We use already for affirmative statements, yet for negative statements.We use for + a period of time, since + a point in time. Note: We use the present perfect tense to talk about actions that were completed only a short time ago. He has just gone out.(= He went out a few minutes ago.)I

6、 have just heard the news. (= Now I know the news.)Note: We can also use the present perfect tense for repeated actions, that is, we use the present perfect tense with the time expressions once/twice/three timesThey say that they have been to Americamany times.Look at the sentences and find the diff

7、erence:Tom has rung up three times this morning.Now it is still in the morning.Tom rang up three times this morning.Now it is not still in the morning.Actions occurring in an incomplete period might be indicated by today or this morning/afternoon/ evening/ week/ month/ year/ century or all day/night

8、/week, all the time, always etc.Note:Point out what tense or tenses are used in the sentences and the reasons why they are used. 1. We have studied English for about five years. We began to study it five years ago.2. They moved to the south in 1990 and have lived there since then.3. Eric left home l

9、ast year and has just come back.4. They bought this house three years ago and they have lived here since then.5. My brother went to see my grandpa last week. He has visited him three times this month.1 _ you _ my pen? Yes, I_ it on your desk just now. (see)2 _ you _ dinner? Yes, I _ it with Mary. (h

10、ave)3 _the postman_ yet this morning? _ the postman_ this morning? (come)HaveHavehadDidHaveComplete the sentences.seencomecomehadsawThe present perfect tense is normally used for an action which lasts throughout an incomplete period, but with the past simple tense, we use time expressions which a fi

11、xed point in the past.Note:e.g.Bill has smoked since he left school.He still smokes.Bill smoked for six months.It means that he stopped smoking then.Sometimes, however, The present perfect tense used for the action finishes at the time of speaking. e.g.It has been very cold lately but its just begin

12、ning to get warmer.On meeting someone, you may say: I havent seen you for ages. (But I see you now.)NoteNoteThe present perfect tense used for a past action whose time is not definite and often has a result in the present.e.g. Tom has had a bad car crash.Hes probably still in hospital now.Tom had a

13、bad car crash.He is probably out of hospital now.(2) _ (3) _(4) _ (5) _(6) _ (7) _(8) _ (9) _(10) _ (11) _Answers for the diary:sawhas visited loves hasnt visitedhas seenhas never methas travelledhas foundhasnt foundHas, been Look at the sentences:Sorry. Have you been waiting long?I have been waitin

14、g for an hour.PastOne hour agoPresentwaitingarrive1. The form of the Present perfect continuous tense：We form the present perfect continuous tense with have/has been and the present participle of the verb.have (has) +been + doing2. The uses of the present perfect continuous tense:We sometimes use th

15、e Present perfect continuous tense to talk about actions that started in the past and are still continuing, or have just finished but are still connected to the present in some way.Answers of Dr Franks website(2) _ (3) _(4)_ (5) _ (6) _have been talkinghave been talkinghave been studyinghave seenhav

16、e been writingPresent perfect or present perfect continuous tense?She is still reading the book.Li Jia has been reading a book about Stonehenge.Li Jia has read a book about Stonehenge.She finished reading the book. She knows the content of the book now.Note:We use the present perfect tense to talk a

17、bout an action completed in the recent past, and the present prefect continuous tense for an action that started in the past and is still happening.I have visited Egypt twice this month.I have been touring Egypt for two months.Note: The present perfect continuous tense cant be used with time express

18、ions such as twice or how many times, because in this tense the action is continuous, not stopped and started again. We can use the present perfect tense for repeated actions, and the present perfect continuous tense for non-stop actions.How many times have you swum in the lake?How long have you bee

19、n swimming in the lake?Note: We usually use the present perfect tense to ask questions beginning with how many/much, and the present perfect continuous tense to ask questions beginning with how long.A state verb or an action verb?1. I have had this camera for five years. 2. I have taken photos of UF

20、Os with this camera. 3. I have been taking photos of UFOs with this camera. state verbaction verbstate verbAn action means something happening or changing. A state means something staying the same. Some examples of action verbs are do, go, and play. Some examples of state verbs are like, know and ex

21、ist.Note: We can use either a state verb or an action with the present perfect tense, but we usually can only use an action verb with the present perfect continuous tense. A state verb doesnt mean an action, so it cant be used in a continuous tense.e.g.Theyve always had a big garden.How long have yo

22、u known each other?Hes been in hospital since his accident.Ive already been to Paris.Ive never visited Paris.Note:We use the present perfect tense, not the present perfect continuous tense, with the words like always, never, yet, already and ever.How long have you been learning English?How long have

23、 you learnt English?It has been raining for a long time.It has rained for a long time.Note: An action which began in the past and is still continuing or has only just finished can, with certain verbs, be expressed by either the present perfect or present perfect continuous. Verbs which can be used i

24、n this way include expect, hope, learn, lie, live, sleep, sit, study, wait, want, snow, etc. Practice Make up dialogues with the present perfect tense and the present perfect continuous tense.Answers of part A on page 11: (1) _ (2) _(3) _ (4) _(5) _ (6) _(7) _ (8) _(9) _ (10) _(11) _heardbeen doingb

25、een researchingdonestartedachievedreadfoundstartedbeen drawingbeen making1. He has been waiting at a bus stop in a city.2. They have been travelling in a UFO. It looks like a saucer.Sample answers on page 11 part B3. They probably have talked to animals or plants on Earth as well as creatures on oth

26、er plants.4. They have visited Mars, Venus, Jupiter and some other planets.高考链接 Im sorry, but I dont quite follow you. Did you say you want to return on September 20? Sorry, I _ myself clear. We want to return on October 20. (2010 北京) A. hadnt made B. wouldnt make C. dont make D. havent made2. Every

27、 year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they _ before leaving their hometowns. (2010 福建) A. promised B. were promised C. have promised D. have been promised3. Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she _ since her marriage to Father. (2010 江西) A. shoulders B. shoul

28、dered C. is shouldering D. has been shouldering4. The book has been translated into thirty language since it _ on the market in 1973. (2010 重庆) A. had come B. has come C. came D. comes5. Im tired out. I _ all afternoon and I dont seem to have finished anything. (2010 湖南)A. shopped B. have shoppedC.

29、had shopped D. have been shopping考点考例1. I havent heard anything from him yet. (P8)考点 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，但对现在仍有影响，句中可以没有具体的时间状语。肯定句中用already，否定句和疑问句中用yet。考例1_ you _ him around the museum yet?Yes. We had a great time there. A. Have；shown B. Do；show C. Had；shown D. Did；show点拨 此句强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响，即：是否已经带他参观了博物馆。考例2 We _ our new neighbors yet, so we dont know their names.A. dont meet B. wont meetC. havent metD. hadnt met点拨 此句表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响。2. He has sent me an e-mail, telling me about his travels around the world. (P8)考点 V-ing 短语作后置定语，表示 V-ing形式和被修饰的名词之间 是主动关系。考例1 Peter re