《水产养殖水质调控》教学课件

1、水产养殖水质调控 1.6 Water quality control of aquaculture第1页，共23页。1.6.1 Main factors affecting water qualityChemistry: 工业，农业，人为活动Biology: D.O，PH第2页，共23页。1.6.2Methos of water quality control养殖水体水质调控方法1.6.2.1Chemical controlUse chemicals to control PH and toxic (有毒）gas.第3页，共23页。1.6.2.2 Physical control 1.Impr

2、ove bottom layer quality改善底质 2.Water resource treatment水源处理 3.Water exchange or refill更换或补充新水第4页，共23页。1.6.2.3 Biological control生物控制1、Increse useful zoonplankton through artificial culture.2、Microecologics微生态制剂3、Photosynthetic bacteria光合细菌4、Higher aquatic plants水生植物第5页，共23页。第6页，共23页。第7页，共23页。1.6.3 B

3、iological control of water quality养殖水体水质生物调控措施1.6.3.1 Obsercation of color and transparency水色和透明度观察“看水” The fisherman observe the pond water mainly about渔民看水主要依据 1. water color (water expression)水色(水华)第8页，共23页。（1）The relationship between water color and plant plankton （Table1-1） Pigment ColorAlgaech

4、lorophyll greengreen algae, euglena yellow pigment yellow, yellow-brown diatom, golden algae, dinoflagellate, Cryptomanasphycobilin leucocyan blue, blue-green blue algae rhodophyll purpleblue algae第9页，共23页。（2）Water color (water expression) in rich water肥水“水华”类型 The phenomenon that the water shows ev

5、ident color owing to the mass propagation of plant plankton is call water expression. It can be divided into the follow types according to its apperance （Table1-2）:第10页，共23页。Type of water expression Water appearance The composition of algae Water evaluation solution non-flagellate even and stable st

6、able water cloudiness flagellate light-and shade good water but with the danger of going bad membranaceous blue algae with simulated vacuole covered the water surface Good and bad are all possible 第11页，共23页。（3）Judge the water quality by its color and expression （Table1-3）根据水色、水华类型判断水质water quality g

7、rade water color water expression type good water brown, yellow-brown, green-brown cloudiness, solution-like bad water blue、purple membranaceous common water green solution-like 第12页，共23页。2. transparency透明度 （1）Water transparency and the phytoplankton透明度与浮游植物的关系（2）Water transparency and the water fer

8、tility透明度与水体肥度（Table1-4） 第13页，共23页。Water fertility transparency plant plankton amount water color High unfertile wate 100 5 no color Unfertile water 100-50 5-10 a little colorFertile water 50(40)-20 10(20)-100 tinted High fertile water 20-10 100-200 rich color Used out water 200 very rich color 第14页

9、，共23页。3. Observation of water nutrition水体肥瘦与水质判别Iii Water fertility and the water quality: fertilized, circulating, fresh, cleanThe meaing of fertilized, circulating, fresh and clean in biology肥、活、嫩、爽第15页，共23页。The good water in fishermans eye is high summarize as the four words. This is much more co

10、mprehensive than only judge the water by its color.However, there actually has an concept of biological meaning of the four words. Its quite essential to make this clear by test the species and quantity of the plant plankton.（1）Fertility. The concept of fertile water is not unified now. some accordi

11、ng to the nutritive saltsand and dissolved organic matter quantity, some according to the amount of plankton.But in a fishermans eye, the sign of fertile water is the rich color of it, which means the quantity of plant plankton.(2) circulating means there are changes of water color and transparency(

12、3) fresh means the water is fertilize and vigorous.(4) clean the premise is fresh, which means the plant plankton is growing, and the same time there is few other suspendedsolids like mud in the water. 第16页，共23页。we can see the biological standard of the water for fish cultivation in a fishermans eye

13、: A.The quantity of plant plankton should be 20-100 milligram per liter.浮游植物量20100毫克/升 B.Many Flagellatae, few small-size blue algae.鞭毛藻类较多，小型蓝藻较少 C.The algae community in a growing period and no senescence of the cell.藻类种群处于增长期，细胞未老化 D.Not too much suspended substance except plankton.浮游生物以外的其它悬浮物不过

14、多第17页，共23页。1.6.3.2 Regulation of Water Fertility水体肥度调控 The fertility of breeding water mainly depends on the quantity of phytoplankton; more phytoplankton means fertile,while less phytoplankton means poor. So the water named differently accordingly as fertile water, poor water, old water, and even g

15、ood water (in terms of quality) . The regulation of water fertility for increasing species yield just obey the ground rules as follows. 第18页，共23页。1.Making poor water become fertile廋水变肥 Reasons for being poor:(1) lack of nutritional salt; (2)phytoplankton has been intaken by zoonplankton. Water contr

16、ol: Add fertilizer(Organic or non-organic) or nutritional salt (nitrogen and phosphorus)第19页，共23页。2.Not letting fertile water become old肥水不老 In old water phytoplankton over multiply. And the water is lack of nutritive salt and light so photosynthesis cannot work properly. Old water is the water in w

17、hich phytoplankton cell becomes old. Water control: At around 10 am of sunny day, use （1PPM）CuSO4 to kill green algae. At around 5 pm, drain half of the pond and refill with new water.第20页，共23页。3. Old becomes good老水转好 Good water must be fertile water, which means that there are sufficient phytoplankton as primary producer to be eaten by raised animals and bait animals, in the meantime,