高中英语语法-动词和时态和语态-课时2

1、 【核心知识：常见时态的被动语态及其用法】课 时 21. 表解动词的时态和语态（2）常见时态的被动语态及其用法被动语态由“be过去分词”构成，其中be体现不同时态。被动语态概述 英语有两种语态，即主动语态与被动语态。主动语态：表示主语是动作的发出者或执行者。被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者或动作施加的对象。知识拓展【例】John cooked the food last night. 约翰昨天晚上做了饭。（主动语态）The food was cooked by John last night. 饭是昨天晚上做的。（被动语态）知识拓展时态被动语态的构成例句1一般现在时am / is / are过

2、去分词The meeting room is cleaned every day. 会议室每天都有人打扫。2一般过去时was / were过去分词All his money was immediately locked in a safe. 他所有的钱立即被锁在一个保险柜里。3一般将来时shall / will be过去分词Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth. 每个人一出生就会给予一个电话号码。时态被动语态的构成例句4过去将来时would be过去分词She hoped that she would be given a mor

3、e suitable job. 她希望能得到一份更合适的工作。5现在进行时am / is / are being过去分词My bike is being repaired. Could I use yours? 我的自行车正在修理，能否借用一下你的？6过去进行时was / were being过去分词A football match was being played on the playground this time yesterday. 昨天的这个时候，操场上正在举行一场足球赛。时态被动语态的构成例句7现在完成时have / has been过去分词Some sports that we

4、re part of the Olympics in the past have been removed. 有些过去是奥运会的部分比赛项目如今已被淘汰了。8过去完成时had been过去分词When we got to the cinema, all the tickets had been sold out. 我们到达电影院时，票已售完。类别被动语态的构成例句1含情态动词的被动语态情态动词be过去分词Our plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible. 我们的计划必须尽快执行。The debt must be paid of

5、f before next month. 那笔债必须在下个月前还清。（3）其他形式的被动语态类别被动语态的构成例句2短语动词的被动语态be短语动词的过去分词I was brought up in a small village on the Yangtze River. 我是在长江边上的一个小村庄里长大的。She was taken to the nearby hospital and was operated on immediately. 她被送到附近的医院，并立即做了手术。3含be going to, used to, have to, had better，be to等结构的被动语态将

6、其后的动词变为被动形式即可The sports meet is going to be held soon. 运动会不久就要举行。All kinds of difficulties have to be overcome. 必须克服各种困难。（1）常见时态的被动语态及其用法 语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明主语和谓语之间的关系。被动语态由“助动词be +及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化。2. 动词语态的核心知识【例】 _：Rice is grown in South China. 华南种植水稻。 _：The glass was broken yesterday. 这块玻

7、璃是昨天打碎的。 _：The project is being carried out. 这个计划正在执行中。 _：This road was being built this time last year. 去年这个时候，这条路还在修建。一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时以下句子分别是哪种时态的被动语态？【例】 _：The cars will be sent abroad by sea. 这些汽车将由水路运往国外。 _：The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. 经理说，这项工程在年底前

8、将会完工。 _：This novel has been translated into several languages. 这本小说已被译成了好几种语言。 _：He wanted to know if the result had been announced. 他想知道是否已经宣布结果。一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时以下句子分别是哪种时态的被动语态？重点掌握不能用被动语态的情况：不及物动词没有被动语态；不及物短语动词没有被动语态；有些及物动词在习惯上不用于被动语态；宾语是反身代词、相互代词、同源宾语、不定式、动词ing形式及抽象名词等。【例】I taught myself Fre

9、nch. 我自学法语。The cloth washes easily. 这种布料容易洗。She entered the room just now. 她刚才进去了那个房间。The music sounds beautiful. 这音乐听起来很美妙。After the fire, nothing remained. 那场大火之后，什么也没留下来。Great changes have taken place here since 1990. 自1990年以来，这里发生了巨大的变化。【真题改编】 根据句意, 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。（1）All five teenagers were ar

10、rested and _ (put) in prison. （原创题）【解析】put。根据句意及逻辑关系可知，“5个少年”应该是“被关进监狱”，根据被动语态的结构可知，此处应填put的过去分词形式put。（2）More than a dozen students in that school _ (send) abroad to study medicine last year. （上海卷改编）【解析】were sent。根据句中的last year可知用一般过去时；因主语是More than a dozen students（十几名学生），与send是被动关系，故此处填were sent。putwere sent【真题改编】（3）Unless some extra money _ (find), the theatre will close.（全国卷改编）【解析】is found。该句是个条件状语从句，主句用了一般将来时，则从句用一般现在时表将来。因主语some extra money是不可数名词，与谓语find是被动关系，故此处填is found。句意：除非找到额外的资金，否则这家剧院就得关闭了。（4）In the last few years thousands of films _ (produce) all