虚拟语气课件

1、虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望，假设或推测等。e.g. If I were you, I should study English. I wish you could go with me. May you succeed! 11 用于条件从句用于主语从句用于宾语从句用于状语从句用于定语从句用于简单句虚拟语气的用法wish, suggest, orderIt is/was+ 形容词thatIfas if, as though2用于条件从句3 动词形式时间从句主句与现在事实相反动词过去式（be的过去式一般用were）would should + 动词原形could

2、 might 与过去事实相反had +过去分词would should have+过去分词could might与将来事实可能相反动词过去式/should +动词原形were to动词原形would should +动词原形could might4基本用法If places _ alike, there would be little need for geographers.A. being B. are C. be D. wereIf we _ (know) that the books were available, we would have bought them yesterday

3、.had known5 有时可以把含有助动词，情态动词，be或have的虚拟条件句省去，而将had, should, were等词提到主语之前，即倒装。*If I were you , I would go with him.=Were I you, I would go with him.*If I had known the news, I would have told you about that .=Had I known the news, I would have told you about that. 6倒装用法Had he worked harder, he _ the f

4、inal examinations.A. must have got through B. would have got throughC. would get throughD. could get through7_ tomorrow morning, she would reach Beijing by this Sunday.A. Would she leave B. if she will leaveC. Had she left D. Were she to leave8主从句的动作发生时间不一致的情况。有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式要根据它所表

5、示的时间加以调整。 eg. If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now.If you had practiced speaking English more, you would be able to speak it fluently. (从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在）9I could have called you yesterday, but I _ you telephone number.A. didnt have B. wont have C. hadnt have D. wouldnt havePe

6、ter _ the drivers test, but he wasnt calm enough in the last ten minutes.A. might have passed B. must have passed C. will passed D. ought to have passed10“It is important （strange/natural/necessary/ vital / urgent/ imperative/ natural/ essential/ desirable/ ）that ( should )+V.原形” ，表示某事“重要”，“奇怪”，“自然”

7、，“必要”等意义。e.g. It is important that every member (should) inform himself of these rules. It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once. It is decided (has been decided) that the meeting (should)be postponed till tomorrow.用于主语从句中11It is necessary that he _ (take) a good rest after working for

8、 a long time.It was ridiculous that he _ that way yesterday.A. behaved B. should behave C.shall behave D. would behave(should) take12用于宾语从句I wish从句结构Example与现在事实相反一般过去式I wish it were autumn now.与过去事实相反过去完成式He wishes(wished) he had not lost the chance.与将来事实相反would+V.原形I wish you would come soon.13I w

9、ish I _ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.A. could have slept B. had sleptC. might have slept D. have sleptHow he wished that he _ the concert!A. went to B. had gone toC.should have gone to D. would go to14在表示建议，要求，命令的词“suggest,demand,order,propose,insist,command,request,des

10、ire” 后的宾语从句中： “(should) +动词原形”e.g. I suggest that we (should) set off at once. I demanded that he (should) answer me immediately.注：以上动词的名词形式用于同位语从句中，从句中的动词也是用“(should) + 动词原形”15The doctor recommended that he _ for a few days.A. rests B. rest C.rested D. will restThe doctor required that every member

11、 in his department _ (refer) to his report.(should) refer16We are in favor of your proposal that the meeting _.A. should be put off B. was put offC. should put off D. is to put offHis recommendation was that an experienced sales manager _ to the branch company in Shanghai to take charge of the marke

12、ting there. A. was sent B. send C. be sent D. would be sent17用于状语从句even if /even though 主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。e.g. Even if Lin Tao were here,I should say the same thing. Even though he had been ill, he would have gone to his office.183. as if/ as though从句的谓语形式为动词过去式 （be用were）或“had+过去分词”eg

13、. He treats me as if I were a stranger. She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.195. lest, for fear that, in case “以防，以免”She emphasized it again and again, lest he (should) forget.Lest从句用虚拟语气，(should)+V. 原形20用于其他从句1. “It is （ about/high) time(that)”,从句动词形式用过去式. Its time we went to sch

14、ool. Its high time we did our homework.2. would rather, would sooner (宁愿）， would just as soon (宁愿）后，谓语用 一般过去时： 表示现在或将来虚拟 过去完成时： 表示过去虚拟21虚拟条件句可以转化的形式。1.省略连词if 在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had 或should，可以省略if，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。 e.g. Had he been more careful (If he had been more careful), such mistakes could h

15、ave been avoided.222.用介词短语代替条件状语从句 without, but for (要不是）, otherwise, but that, except for, only, but, or e.g. Without air(If there were no air), there would be no living things. 与现在事实相反 But for your help(If it had not been for your help)I could not have done it. 与过去事实相反232.省略主句（常用以表示愿望）If only +would+V. 原形（或V. 一般过去）“要是就好了” If only she had not left! If only my grandmother were with me! If only the wind were to/should sto