考研英语教育类阅读理解专项训练

1、2018 年考研英语教育类阅读理解专项训暑期集训来了， 如何在暑期两个月创造出双倍的价值是每个考生想要达到的目标。 这就 需要加倍的努力和科学的规划了。英语方面的复习，大家要持续性背单词， 阅读、 写作及翻 译要多加练习，总结方法技巧，活学活用。下面凯程在线和大家分享教育类的阅读模拟题， 大家不妨集中练习，提升阅读速度和做题技巧。One of the most important social developments that helped to make possible a shift in thinking about the role of public education was

2、the effect of the baby boom of the 1950s and 1960s on the schools. In the 1920s， but especially in the Depression conditions of the 1930s ， the United States experienced a declining birth rate every thousand women aged fifteen to forty -four gave birth to about 118 live children in 1920 ， in 1930 ，

3、in 1936 ， and 80 in 1940. With the growing prosperity brought on by the Second World War and the economic boom that followed it ， young people married and established households earlier and began to raise larger families than had their predecessors during the Depression. Birth rates rose to 102 per

4、thousand in 1946 ， in 1950 ， and 118 in 1955. Although economics was probably the most important determinant ， it is not the only explanation for the baby boom. The increased value placed on the idea of the family also helps to explain this rise in birth baby boomers began streaming into the first g

5、rade by the mid-1940s and became a flood by 1950. The public school system suddenly found itself overtaxed. While the number of schoolchildren rose because of wartime and postwar conditions ， these same conditions made the schools even less prepared to cope with the flood. The wartime economy meant

6、that few new schools were built between 1940 and 1945. Moreover ， during the war and in the boom times that followed ， large numbers of teachers left their profession for better -paying jobs elsewhere in the economy.Therefore ， in the 1950s and 1960s， the baby boom hit an antiquated and inadequate s

7、chool system. Consequently ， the “ custodial rhetoric ” of the 1930s and early 1940s no longer made sense; that is， keeping youths aged sixteen and older out of the labor market by keeping them in school could no longer be a high priority for an institution unable to find space and staff to teach yo

8、unger children aged five to sixteen. With the baby boom ， the focus of educators and of laymen interested in education inevitably turned toward the lower grades and back to basic academic skills and discipline. The system no longer had much interest in offering nontraditional ， new ， and extra servi

9、ces to older youths.What does the passage mainly discuss?The teaching profession during the baby boom.Birth rates in the United States in the 1930s and 1940s.The impact of the baby boom on public education.The role of the family in the 1950s and 1960s.The public schools of the 1950s and 1960s faced

10、all of the following problems EXCEPT.a declining number of studentsold -fashioned facilitiesa shortage of teachersan inadequate number of school buildingsAccording to the passage， why did teachers leave the teaching profession after the outbreak of the war?AThey needed to be retrained.BThey were dis

11、satisfied with the curriculum.COther jobs provided higher salaries.DTeaching positions were scarce.The “ custodial rhetoric ” mentioned in the last paragraph refers to.raising a familykeeping older individuals in schoolrunning an orderly householdmaintaining discipline in the classroomWhere in the p

12、assage does the author refer to the attitude of Americans toward raising a family in the 1950s and 1960s?ALines 1 3BLines 9 10CLines 20 21DLines 24 26核心词汇prospehtyn.繁荣 cope vi.应付，处理consequently adv.从而，因止匕priority n. 优先权 staffn. 全体职员 laymann. 外行 discipline n. 学科，纪律Profession n.职业institution n.公共机构 ac

13、ademic n.学院的，理论的促使人们在对公共教育之作用的思考上发生转变的最重要的社会状况之一就是， 20 世纪 50 年代和 60 年代生育高峰对学校的影响。在 20 世纪 20 年代，尤其是在30 年代经济大萧条的情况下，美国经历了一次出生率的降低一一在1920年，每1, 000名1544岁的妇女生育了大约 118 个婴儿， 1930 年为个， 1936 年为个，到了 1940 年为 80 个。随着第二次世界大战以及其后的经济复苏所引发的日益发展和繁荣的景象， 年轻人提前结婚成家， 开始比他们处于大萧条时代的前辈们供养更大的家庭。出生率在1946 年增长到 102% ， 1950 年为%

14、 ， 1955年为118%尽管经济因素很可能是最重要的决定因素，但它并非是对生育高峰的惟一解释。人们家庭观念的增强也有助于解释这种出生率的升高。在生育高峰中出生的一代到 20 世纪 40 年代中期开始涌入学校一年级，到 1950 年呈泛滥之势。 公共学校体系突然发现自己负荷过重。 战时和战后状况一方面使得入学儿童数量增多， 但同样的状况却使学校在应对如洪水般的入学儿童方面缺乏准备。 战时的经济状况意味着在 1940 年和 1945 年间新建学校的数量微乎其微。 此外， 在战时以及在随后的经济繁荣时期。，大量教师离开了教职，到经济体系中的其他领域寻求报酬更优厚的工作。因此，在20 世纪 50 年

15、代和 60 年代，生育高峰冲击了一个陈旧且不完整的学校体系。其结果是， 20 世纪 30 年代和 40 年代早期的“监护之说”开始失去意义;也就是说，因为教育机构无法为年龄在516岁的儿童提供学习所需的空间和教员，因此，让那些年龄在 16岁及其以上的 孩子待在学校以使他们处于劳动力市场之外，不再是一个优先的选择。在生育高峰的冲击下， 教育者和对教育感兴趣的外行所关注的焦点不可避免地转向了低年级， 转回到了基本的学术技能和学科上。 这一体系对于向年龄较大的年轻人提供非传统的、新式的和额外的服务不再抱有太多的兴趣。参考答案：细节题。由题干关键词babyboom定位文章第一段倒数第二句，该句提到 e

16、conomics was probably the most impoItant deterrninant. 一可知，经济的繁荣导致了 baby boom ，故选 A.细节题。由题干关键词profession定位第二段最后一句teac】 3ers leR theirprofessionforbettei -payingjobs(很多老师为了高薪离开了教师岗位),由此可推断出答案应为 C.语义题。由题干关键词 custodial rJaetoric 定位文章第三段，第二句说到，三四十年代custodial rhetoric 不再合理， 该句中 that is 后就是 custodial dlet

17、orjc 的内容， 即 keeping youths aged sixteen antl older out oftlle lal)or mar -ket by keeping t 】 aem in scla00l ， 选项 B 正是该句的 同义转述，故为答案。推断题。作者在第三段首句提到生育高峰冲击了学校体系，可排除A; 最后一段提到教育者的焦点也转向了低年级， 转回到了基本的学术技能和学科上， 而对向年龄较大的年轻人 提供非传统的、 新式的和额外的服务不再抱有太多的兴趣， 言外之意， 在生育高峰之前教育 者的焦点不在基本的学术技能和学科上，故排除c， D 与文意正好相反，只有B 符合文意。

18、主旨题。本题针对文章的大意。文章开篇作者就点明了主题“促使人们在对公共教育的作用的思考上发生转变的最重要的社会状况之一，就是20 世纪 50 年代和 60 年代生育高峰对学校的影响”。由此可见，本文的主旨应为 C.Amy High is decked out in the traditional pink dress and golden stole of ancient Rome. She bursts into a third-grade classroom and greets her students：“ Salvete， omnes!” (Hello ，everyone!) The

19、kids respond in kind ， and soon they are studying derivatives. “ How many people are in a duet?” High asks. All the kids know the answer ， and when she asks how they know ， a boy responds，“ Because duo is two in Latin. ” High replies ，“ Plaudite! ” and the 14 kidserupt in applause. They learn the La

20、tin root later ， or side， and construct such English words as bilateral and quadrilateral. “ Latins going to open up so many doors for you ，” High says. “Youre going to be able to figure out the meaning of words youve never seen before. ”High teaches at Providence Elementary School in Fairfax City ，

21、 Va.， which has a lot riding on the success of her efforts. As part of Virginias high -stakes testing program， schools that dont boost their scores by the year 2007 could lose state funding. So Fairfax City ， just 18 miles southwest of the White House ， has upgraded its two crumbling elementary scho

22、ols with new high-tech television studios ， computer labs and one very old feature mandatory Latin.Here lies one of the more counterintuitive developments of the standardized-testing movement ： Though some critics complain that teachers are forced to dumb down their lessons and “ teach to the test，”

23、some schools are offering more challenging course work as a way ofengaging students. In the past three years ， scores of elementary schools in high -stakes testing states such as Texas，Virginia and Massachusetts have added Latin programs. Says AllenGriffith ， a member of the Fairfax City school boar

24、d ： “If were trying to improve English skills ， teaching Latin is an awfully effective ， proved method. ”This is not your fathers Latin ， which was taught to elite college -bound high schoolers and drilled into them through memorization. Its tedium and perceived irrelevance almost drove Latin from p

25、ublic schools. Todays growth in elementary school Latin has been spurred by new ， interactive oral curriculums ， enlivened by lessons in Roman mythology and culture. “ One thing that makes it engaging for kids is the goofy fun of investigating these guys in togas ，” says Marion Polsky ， author of Fi

26、rst Latin ： A Language Discovery Program ， the textbook used in Fairfax City.Latin enthusiasts believe that if young students learn word roots ， they will be able todecipher unfamiliar words. (By some estimates，65% of all English words have Latin roots.)Latin is an almost purely phonetic language. T

27、here are no silent letters ， and each letter represents a single sound. That makes it useful in teaching reading. And once kids master the grammatical structure of Latin which is simple ， logical and consistent they will more easily grasp the many grammatical exceptions in English.注(1)：本文选自Time;12/1

28、1/2000 ，p61;注 (2) ：本文习题命题模仿对象2002 年真题 text 4;From the first Paragraph we learn that .the students show little interest in learning Latinthe students say hello to their teacher in LatinAmy High teaches the students to read Bible in Latinlearning English is unnecessary if you have perfectly mastered L

29、atinWhich of the following statements is not true according to the text?The testing program is crucial to the schools.Latin is compulsory to the elementary schools students in Fairfax City.Providence Elementary School will not get state funding this year.Fairfax City government had done a lot to equ

30、ip its elementary schools.According to Allen Griffith ， Latin .has little to do with Englishis very helpful to one s learning Englishwill replace English in the near futureshould be taught to kids even when they are in elementary schoolWhich of the following best defines the word “ plaudite ” ?Great

31、.Sorry.Class is over.Sad.One reason for Latin enthusiasts to support young students learning Latin is .Latin has a longer history than EnglishLatin has less word rootsevery letter in English word represent a single soundit is easier to grasp Latin grammar答案： BCBADAs colleges and universities send an

32、other wave of graduates out into the world this spring ， thousands of other job seekers with liberal -arts degrees like Martins find themselves in a similar bind. True enough， this is an era of record-breaking lows in unemployment. But technology companies， which are contributing the lions share of

33、new jobs ， are simultaneously declaring a shortage of qualified workers. The emphasis is on the word qualified.Its no surprise that high -tech companies rarely hire liberal -arts graduates. “ Our . people ， our marketers， even our attorneys have technical talent ，” says Tracy Koon ， director of corp

34、orate affairs at Intel. The need for technical expertise is so pervasive that even retailers are demanding such skills. “ Company-wide ， were looking for students with specific information -systems skills ，” says David McDearmon ， director of field human resources atDollar Tree Stores.“ Typically we

35、 shy away from independent -college students who dont havethem.”Fortunately for Martin ， some invaluable help was at hand when he needed it. The Virginia Foundation for Independent Colleges ， a network of 15 liberal -arts colleges in the state ， has teamed up with local companies to bridge the learn

36、ing gap faced by its members graduates. VFIC invited 30 companies ， including First Union and Electronic Data Systems ， to link the needs of businesses with the skills being taught in college classrooms. With grants from corporate sponsors like AT&T ， VFIC asked 20 information -technology managers t

37、o help its members create an exam， based on the work students will be expected to do in the real world ， to test and certify their technological proficiency.The result ， is an eight -part test that requires students to design a website ， build andanalyze spreadsheets， research problems on the Intern

38、et and demonstrate understanding of legal and ethical issues. Says Linda Dalch ， president of VFIC ： “ If an art -history major wants a job at a bank， he needs to prove he has the skills. Thats where this credential can help. ” This year 245 students at VFICs member colleges have gone through the pr

39、ogram. The long -term hope is that will win the same kind of acceptance as the LSAT or CPA for law or accounting students.“ Toknow a student has taken the initiative and passed could mean that less training is needed，” explains John Rudin ， chief information officer at Reynolds Metals ， one of the c

40、orporations that helped create the test.All this begs an important question： Has the traditional liberal -arts curriculum become obsolete? College presidents naturally argue that the skills their schools provide are invaluable. A . degree， says Mary Brown Bullock of Atlantas Agnes Scott College ， “g

41、ives graduates the ability to reinvent themselves time and time againand the knowledge and thinking skills thattranscend a particular discipline or time frame. ”Martin is finding that to be the truth. “ It would be nice to have computer classes on my transcript ，” he says， but has armed him with the

42、 power to learn those skills on his own and a credential to show he has done so. Hes now waiting to hear when his job as a network -support assistant for a large Boston firm will start.注(1)：文选自Time;05/17/99 ， p92H;注 (2) ：本文习题命题模仿对象为2002 年真题 text 3;The main problem many liberal -arts students face in

43、 job seeking is .too much competition in job markettheir lack of technical expertisecompany s discrimination against liberal -arts studentsthe recording -breaking unemployment rateIt can be inferred from the text that .in the modern era ， technical talent means everything in securing a jobindependen

44、t colleges are not giving their students proper educationtretailers are following the fashion only to promote salesthere is a big demand for students with technical skillsTek-Xam is designed to .offer VFIC members graduates more job opportunitiescompete with LSAT and CPAhelp students cope with real

45、world problemstest students technical skillsWe can draw a conclusion from the text that .liberal arts education still proves valuable to studentsTek -Xam is gaining wide acceptance among employers and students alikeTechnology companies are eager to promote Tek -Xamcomputer classes will be excluded f

46、rom the curriculum of liberal -arts studentsFrom the text we can see that the writer seems.positivesuspiciouspessimisticdisapproving答案： B D D A AIn the past few years， reformers have embraced a disarmingly simple idea for fixing schools： Why not actually flunk those students who dont earn passing gr

47、ades? Both Democrats and Republicans have begun attacking the practice of “ social promotion ” shuttling bad students to the next grade， advancing them with peers even if they are failing. Make F truly mean failure ， the movement says.Last week in Los Angeles ， the reformers learned just how ornery

48、the current system can be.According to a plan released Tuesday by the . school district ， ending social promotion there will take at least four years ， could cost hundreds of millions of dollars and probably would require flunking about half the districts students. Thats a pessimistic assessment ， b

49、ut its not just bureaucrats caterwauling. Rather ， superintendent Ruben Zacarias was an eager convert to the crusade against social promotion. In February he unveiled an ambitious plan to end unwarranted promotions in five grades during the 1999 -2000 school year a full year ahead of the timetable s

50、et by a state law.At the time ， Zacarias acknowledged that his goal would be hard to meet. He estimated that as many as 6 of every 10 students would flunk if they had to advance on merit. Zacarias wanted to spend $140 million in the first year alone to help these kids. Why so much? Because a mountai

51、n of research shows that ending social promotion doesnt work if it just means more Fs. Kids who are simply forced to repeat grades over and over usually dont improve academically and often drop out. Zacarias wanted more tutoring ， summer school and intensive-learning classes. Unqualified students wo

52、uldnt rise to the next grade; nor would they be doomed to redo work they already failed. It was a forward -looking plan that Zacarias ， 70， didnt have the clout to enact. He wasnt popular enough the school board recently bought out his contract after a bitter power struggle but even fellow reformers

53、 think his plan was too much ， too soon. Says board member David Tokofsky ：“Youve got the unions who want their say. And ， of course， theresthe facilities issue ： Where do you send all these eighth -graders if you cant send them to high school? ” The district now says it will stop advancing low -ach

54、ieving students only in two grades (second and eighth) ， and it will begin next year.Los Angeles isnt the only place that has run into roadblocks while trying to end social promotion. In New York City ， some advocates have said in lawsuits that parents werent notified early enough that their kids we

55、re flunking. And in Chicago ， which led the nation on the issue ， a parents group has filed civil rights complaints alleging that the promotion crackdown holds back a disproportionate number of black and Latino kids.Still ， the war on social promotion could have one salutary consequence ： if every s

56、chool district takes .s approach ， struggling students will get a lot more teaching help ， not just a kick in the rear as they finish another unproductive school year.注(1)：本文选自Time;12/13/99 ，p73， 2/3p， 1c注 (2) ：本文习题命题模仿对象2001 年真题 text 2 和 text 4 第 4 题 (本习题第5 题 )“ Social promotion ” is .a simple idea

57、 for fixing schoolflunking students who don t earn passing gradesmaking F more or less meaninglessa political movementEducation officials give the reform prospect a pessimistic assessment because.it takes too long time ， costs too much and may produce undesirable resultthere is no feasible plan yeti

58、t involves too many studentsit is not approved by state legislatureThe writer mentioned the case of Zacarias to show that .ending social promotion doesn t workschools do not have the ability to enact his planplans like his are too ambitiousit s hard to reach agreement on the issue of ending social p

59、romotionIt seems that the effort at ending social promotion .is confronting a lot of resistancehas proved fruitlesshas little hope of successdoes more harm than goodToward the proposal of ending social promotion ， the author s attitude seems to bepessimisticoptimisticobjectivebiased答案： C A D A BTHES

60、E HAVE BEEN THE ，BEST OF TIMES for many of the nation s top universities -and the worst of times for middle income families struggling to afford them. Thanks to a robust stock market， school endowments have ballooned. Yet few institutions have held down steep increases in tuition. But that may be ch