英汉翻译中的语篇意识

1、英汉翻译中的语篇意识1 语篇的研究对象是比句子更大的语言单位，如一段话，一篇文章或一部作品。 无论在英文原文还是在译文中，任何句子都不是孤立存在的，而都是各自语篇的有机组成部分。 译者在翻译过程中切不可脱离语篇孤立地去考虑字句的理解与表达，而必须以语篇统辖字句，从语篇分析的角度斟酌字句的意义，琢磨转换的规律，探讨再现的途径。2一，明确原文的指代关系： 以代词为例，英语中代词的使用频率大大高于汉语。使用代词可以避免单词的重复和句子的臃肿，但有时也会出现指代欠明确的现象，翻译中如果照搬，势必会给译文读者造成理解障碍。因此，译者应通过语境来明确指代关系！3 You must remember, my

2、 dear mother, that I have never considered this matter as certain. I have had my doubts, I confess; but they are fainter than they were, and they may soon be entirely done away. 你应该记住，我的好妈妈，我从来没有把事情看得一定如此。我承认我有疑虑，但是不像以前那么重了，也许很快就会彻底打消。4要在译文中明确指代关系： It may seem strange to put into the same packet an

3、industrial revolution and two political revolutions. But the fact is that they were all social revolutions. 把一场工业革命同两次政治革命归作一类似乎有点奇怪，但事实上这三次革命都是社会革命。5 Two things are outstanding in the creation of the English system of canals, and they characterize all the Industrial Revolution. 在修建英国的运河网的过程中，有两点是非常

4、突出的，而这两点也正是整个工业革命的特点。6 Henry Ford did not invent the automobile, but he was the first man to mass-produce it, and this made it availed to the ordinary man. 汽车不是亨利.福特发明的，但他确是使用机器大量生产汽车的第一人，从而使普通老百姓也能拥有汽车。7 Foreigners sometimes draw the conclusion that Americans are wealthier than they are because the

5、y have such things as vacation houses or beautiful landscaped garden. 外国人有时会得出这样的结论：美国人比他们富，因为美国人有度假屋、景观美丽的花园等等。8 英语的某个语言成分出现一次后，再出现时常被省略，这种省略有时也给译者的理解带来困难，译者须结合语篇中的上下文，做出正确的理解和传译！9 In a riot of scuba（水肺） bubbles, tourist and guide plunged 110 feet into an underwater cavern. And true to his words, t

6、he guide darted through the gloom, chasing sleek five foot long shadows. Not to worry. In the spectacular undersea world off Palau, the sharks are as laid back as the local residents. And who wouldnt be? Slung cross the Pacific 800 miles southeast of Guam, the string of islandseight inhabited, 200 o

7、r more still unpopulated-make up one of those increasingly rare commodities, a Pacific paradise.（但谁不担心呢？）10.不用担心。在帕劳一带壮丽的海底世界里，鲨鱼也像当地居民一样悠然自得。又有谁不会这样呢？.11 译者应把原文的字词句放在语篇中综合分析，从而做出正确理解！12 From the listless looks of some fellow trotters, I gather I am not alone in my unenthusiam: Bill-paying, it seems

8、, would be about as diverting. Nonetheless, we continue to jog; more, we continue to choose to jog. 从跟我一起跑步的一些人的无精打采的神情可以断定，缺乏热情的并非只是我一个人：看来，付账也差不多一样有趣。？不过，人们还是坚持跑步；而且，还坚持非要跑步。13.不喜欢跑步的并非只有我一个人：看来，这比付账单也有趣不了多少。14 I have no pity, I have no pity. The more the worms writhe, the more I yearn to crush ou

9、t their entrails! It is a moral teething, and I grind with greater energy, in proportion to the increase of pain. 我没有怜悯，我没有怜悯，虫子越扭动，我越想挤出它们的内脏！这是一种精神上的出牙！它越是痛，我就越要使劲磨。 我才不讲怜悯呢！我才不讲怜悯呢！虫子越是扭动，我就越恨不得挤出它们的内脏！这种心理作用，就像出牙一样，越觉得痛，我就磨得越起劲。15 译者应剖析原语篇中句与句之间的语义或逻辑关系，并在译文中保持语义和逻辑的连贯！（就句子间的联系而言，英语不大重视句子之间的联系，中

10、国读者读起来，有时感到句子来的突然。汉语则比较重视句子之间的联系。）16 A year ago I would have sworn that children here are taught nothing about the dangerous powers of nature. ?My finance, John, and I had recently moved to Los Angeles from New York. It was a move we had made by choice, for the career purposes.17 一年前，我敢说，从来没有人对这里的孩子

11、讲讲大自然的力量有多么危险。那时我和我的未婚夫约翰刚从纽约半岛洛杉矶来。我们是18 The human brain weighs three pounds, but in that three pounds are ten billion neurons and a hundred billion smaller cells. These many billions of cells are interconnected in a vastly complicated network that we cant begin to unravel yetComputer switches and

12、components number in the thousands rather than in the billions.19 (1)人脑只有三磅重，但就在这三磅重，却包含着一百亿个神经细胞，以及一千亿个更小的细胞。这许多十亿的细胞相互联系，形成一个无比复杂的网络，人类迄今还无法解开这其中的奥秘.电脑的转换器和元件只是成千上万，而不是数以十亿计。 (2).这上百亿、上千亿的细胞相互联系.电脑的转换器和元件只是成千上万，而不是上百亿、上千亿。20 The key to success is not information. It is people. And the kind of peop

13、le I look for to fill top management spots are the eager beavers. These are the guys who try to do more than they are expected to. They are always reaching. And reaching out to the people they work with, trying to help them do their jobs better. That is the way they have built.21 It is like a dream

14、to me now, floating through my mind in slow motion. ?Many children were playing close to the water, and we were stunned by their ignorance and daring. 现在回想起来，就仿佛是一场梦，当时的情景还在我脑海里缓缓浮动。那一天，许多孩子在靠近水边的地方玩耍，他们那样大胆，不知道危险就在眼前，使我们非常吃惊。22 Or when he was shown over the great Nanjing bridge, built where the fer

15、ries used to carry trains across the Changjiang River.? He was given a chair and asked to wait a little as darkness came on, then suddenly the whole bridge was outlined in lights. 再比如参观南京长江大桥；在修这座桥以前，要靠渡船在这里运送火车过江。参观大桥的时候，天快黑了，人家给他一把椅子，请他坐下等一会。忽然电灯全亮了，照出了整个大桥的轮廓。23 Great sums of money have been spen

16、t, for example in the deserts of Egypt, in “prospecting” for oil. Sometimes little is found. ?When we buy a few gallons of petrol for our cars, we pay not only the cost of the petrol, but also part of the cost of the search that is always going on. 在石油“勘探”方面，已经花了大笔的钱，比如在埃及的沙漠里进行的勘探工作就是如此。有时收效甚微。因此，当

17、我们为自己的小汽车买几加仑汽油的时候，我们所付的不只是汽油本身的费用，而且还有不断进行找油工作的一部分费用。24 译者还需注意译文应与原文的情景语境和文化语境相吻合；比如说，你译笔下的人不可脱离其原有的身份，你所叙述的事，所描写的物，都不可违背其原有的场合，切忌出现“语不适境”的译文！25 I remember being startled when I first saw my grandmother rocking away on her porch. All my life I had heard that she was a great beauty and no one had ev

18、er remarked that they meant a half century before. The woman that I met was as wrinkled as a prune and could hardly hear and barely see and always seemed to be thinking of other times. But she could still rock and talk and even make wonderful cakes. She was captivated by automobiles and, even though it was well into the thirties, I dont think she had ever been in one before we came down and took her driving.26Rocking away?蹒跚而去？跳摇摆舞？ 首先，这位外祖母五十年前是个大美人，这时