试题答案+语言学概论

1、第 17/* Arabic17 页语言学概论（英语）在线考试复习资料一、单选题1.()dealswithhowlanguageisacquired,understoodandproduced.A.SociolinguisticsB.PsycholinguisticsC.NeurolinguisticsD.Anthropologicallinguistics2.()dealswiththewayinwhichalanguagevariesthroughgeographicalspace.A.LinguisticgeographyB.LexicologyC.LexicographyD.Social

2、inguistics3.()studiesthetotalstockofmorphemesofalanguage,particularlythoseitemswhichhaveclearsemanticreferences.A.PhonologyB.LexicographyC.LexicologyD.Morphology4.WhichtwowordsareNOTantonyms?A.FatherandsonB.MaleandfemaleC.DoctorandpatientD.Wolfandfox5.Thewordbeadoriginallymeantprayer,butnowitreferst

3、otherosaryusedinprayer.Thisisanexampleof().A.narrowingofmeaningB.wideningofmeaningC.meaningshiftD.lossofmeaning6.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.Earthwardisacompoundword.B.Earthwardcontainstwofreemorphemes.C.Earthwardisaderivationalwordwiththreemorphemes.D.Earthwardcontainsonefreemorphemeandoneboundmorp

4、heme.7.WhichofthefollowingwordsisNOTthehyponymofthewordfurniture?A.wardrobeB.carnationC.deskD.dresser8.WhichofthefollowingaboutlanguageisNOTcorrect?A.Languageisarbitrary.B.Languageisvocal.C.Languageisasystemwhichconsistsoftwolevels:soundsandmeaning.D.Languageisaffixedsystemandisnotproductive.9.Thewo

5、rdoratororiginallymeantspeaker;butnowitsignifiesthepersonwhomakesspeech.Thisisanexampleof().A.narrowingofmeaningB.wideningofmeaningC.meaningshiftD.lossofmeaning10.Thesameonewordmayhavemorethanonemeaning.Thisiswhatwecall_.A.SynonymyB.HomonymyC.PolysemyD.Antonymy11.Whichofthefollowingaboutboundmorphem

6、eisNOTtrue?A.Boundmorphemescannotoccurunattached.B.Boundmorphemesareneverwordsbutalwayspartsofwords.C.Alltheprefixedareboundmorphemes.D.Sometimeswecanuseboundmorphemesalone.12.Whichofthefollowingwordcontainstwomorphemes?A.PhysicB.UninhabitableC.DisapprovedD.Faddism13.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthesynon

7、ymoftheworddie?A.KickthebucketB.PopoffC.CommenceD.Passaway14.Whichofthefollowingisacompoundword?A.ConversationB.ComparableC.EntertainingD.Sunflower15.Thewordtaskoriginallymeantmoneytobepaidbypeopleorbusinesstoagovernmentforpublicpurposes,butnowitreferstoworkthathastobedone.Thisisanexampleof().A.narr

8、owingofmeaningB.wideningofmeaningC.meaningshiftD.lossofmeaning16.Themostbasicelementofmeaningistraditionallycalled().A.freemorphemeB.boundmorphemeC.morphemeD.morphology17.Whichofthefollowingwordshasmostmorphemes?A.undertakeB.undesirabilityC.pickpocketD.announcement18.Whichofthefollowingisaderivation

9、alword?A.intoB.dutyfreeC.throughoutD.nationalization19.Thewordgirlsoriginallymeantyoungpeople,andnowitreferstoyoungladies.Thisisanexampleof().A.meaningshiftB.wideningofmeaningC.narrowingofmeaningD.lossofmeaning20.Whichofthefollowingwordscontainsoneboundmorpheme?A.DisappearanceB.PhysicianC.Desirabili

10、tyD.Untouchable21.( )refers to the study of the internal structure of words, and the rules by which words are formed.A.MorphologyB.SemanticsC.SyntaxD.Phonology22.()isaunitofexpressionwhichhasuniversalintuitiverecognitionbynative-speakers,whetheritisexpressedinspokenorwrittenform.A.MorphemeB.WordC.Ro

11、otD.Stem23.WhichofthefollowingwordsisNOTformedthroughderivation?A.FoolishB.ClockwiseC.BabysitD.Earthward24.()referstothesamenessorclosesimilarityofmeaning.A.PolysemyB.HomonymyC.AntonymyD.Synonymy25.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthemajorbranchesoflinguistics?A.PhoneticsB.SyntaxC.SynchronicD.Semantics2

12、6.()canbesimplydefinedasthestudyofmeaning.A.SyntaxB.SemanticsC.PragmaticsD.Linguistics27.Whichofthefollowingisacompoundword?A.UnsadB.UnsimplifiedC.SincerityD.Undertake28.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTcontainonemorpheme?A.TableB.OftenC.DesirableD.Life29.()isasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommu

13、nication.A.LinguisticsB.SyntaxC.MorphologyD.Language30.Whichtermofthefollowingisusedforoppositenessofmeaning?A.HomonymyB.PolysemyC.AntonymyD.Synonymy31.Whichofthefollowingisnotonekindofsemanticchanges?A.broadening.B.meaningshifting.C.classshift.D.word-formation.32.Thestemofdisagreementsis().A.agreem

14、entB.agreeC.disagreeD.disagreement33.()isaclippingword.A.sitcomB.telexC.smogD.fridge34.Allofthefollowingwordsareacronymsexcept().A.ad.B.OPECC.NATOD.UNESCO35.Whichoneofthefollowingwordsisnotopenclassword?A.nounB.pronounC.adjectiveD.verb36.Morphemethatcanoccurunattached”arecalled()morpheme.A.inflectio

15、nalB.boundC.freeD.derivational37.Thefunctionalmorphemesincludeexcept().A.conjB.prepC.pronounsD.adv38.Tonereferstotheuseofpitchat()level.A.wordB.phraseC.sentenceD.bothphraseandsentence39.Thethreeconsonantcombinationsinonsetpositionareasfollowsexcept().A./spl/B./sgl/C./spr/D./skw/40.Whichofthefollowin

16、gsyllableisanopensyllable?A.codeB.readC.teaD.write41.ThethreevariantsofthepluralforminEnglishareappliedinthefollowingfashionexcept().A.the/s/appearsaftervoicelesssoundsB.the/z/appearsaftervoicedsounds.(Allvowelsarevoiced)C.the/z/appearsaftersibilantsD.the/z/appearsaftervoicelesssounds42.EnglishPhono

17、logyisnotinterestedin().A.theactualproductionofEnglishsoundsB.thefunctionofsoundsC.patternsofcombinationofsoundsD.investigatesthesoundsystem43.i:,i,eareall()vowels.A.frontB.centralC.backD.high44.Whichofthefollowingsoundsisavoicedbilabialstop?A.mB.vC.pD.b45.Thereare()nasalsinEnglish?A.oneB.twoC.three

18、D.four46.WhichisNOTaNasalvowel?A.kinB.gotC.goneD.chin47.Whichpositionofthevocalcordscanproducevoicelesssounds?A.closeB.apartC.halfcloseD.totallyclose48.Whichofthefollowingdescriptionsisnotthenatureoflanguage?A.Languageisasystem.B.Languageissymbolic.C.Languageiscomplicated.D.Languageisdouble-structur

19、ed.49.Theword“kung-fu”is().A.aclippedoneB.ablendedoneC.acompoundoneD.aborrowedone50.Theword“motherboard”is().A.aclippedoneB.ablendedoneC.acompoundoneD.anacronym51.Which of the following is not a free morpheme?A.BedB.TreeC.DanceD.children52.All the following words contain the inflectional affixes exc

20、ept( ).A.CaresB.FasterC.CarefulD.books53.There are( )morphemes in the word “undesirability”.A.ThreeB.FourC.FiveD.six54.Which of the following is NOT a compound word?A.RainbowB.BlackboardC.icy-coldD.unpleasant55.What is the minimal unit of meaning?A.PhonemeB.morphemeC.allomorphD.allophone56.Morpholog

21、y is the study of( ).A.the internal structure of words and the rules that govern their formation.B.the uses of different types of utterances in different contextC.the differences between sounds used in human languages and sounds in nature.D.the rules that pertain to all languages throughout the worl

22、d.57.( )are not a minimal pair of in English.A.“sink” and “zinc”B.“find” and “fine”C.“bat” and “pat”D.“teach” and “cheat”58.The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the( )of that phoneme.A.MinimalB.allomorphC.phonesD.allophones59.In English, th

23、ere is only one glottal. It is( ).A.fB.rC.hD.v60./kuku:/ is a birds call. The name of such a bird is CUCKOO which is an example of( ).A.language universalsB.OnomatopoeiaC.teaching grammarD.morphs61.In English ise and tion are called( ).A.prefixesB.suffixesC.infixesD.free morphemes62./w/, /j/ belong

24、to( ).A.fricativesB.dentalsC.glidesD.nasals63.Classification of vowels is made up of the followings except( ).A.the position of the tongueB.the openness of the mouthC.the shape of the lipD.the width of the vowels64.Which of the following is the rounded vowel?A.i:B.u:C.iD.a:65.( )is a phonetic unit o

25、r segmental.A.phonemeB.phoneC.minimal pairsD.allophones66.Which of the following ways of classifying English consonants is not in terms of manner of articulation?A.StopsB.bilabialC.fricativeD.glides67.Which of the following is not Hallidays view of functions of language?A.ideational functionB.metali

26、ngual functionC.interpersonal functionD.textual function68.According to the componential analysis, the words “girl” and “woman” differ in the feature of( ).A.HUMANB.ANIMATEC.MALED.ADULT69.Linguistics gives priority to the spoken language instead of the written language because( ).A.vocal sounds are

27、derived from written systemsB.speech precedes writing everywhere in the worldC.we have recording devices to study speechD.spoken language precedes written language only in Indo-European70.All human languages are organized on two levels: the sound levelmeaningless, the grammatical levelmeaningful. Th

28、is means language has the design feature of( ).A.creativeB.changeableC.arbitraryD.duality71.( )are two sub-branches of linguistics that study the units at the grammatical level.A.morphology and semanticsB.morphology and syntaxC.semantic and syntaxD.morphology and phonology72.Which of the following s

29、tatements about language is not true?A.Language means the system of pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary.B.Language means a particular type or style of language used for a particular purpose.C.Language refers to the common features of all human languages.D.Language includes animal and artificial fe

30、atures of language.73.Children can speak before they can read or write shows that( ).A.language is basically vocalB.language is arbitraryC.language is used for communicationD.language is productive74.The distinction between competence and performance is similar to the distinction between( ).A.perspe

31、ctive and descriptiveB.synchronic and diachronicC.speech and writingD.langue and parole75.Competence refers to( ).A.knowledge of meaning of words and sentenceB.the actual realization of the language users knowledge of the rules in utterance.C.the ideal language users knowledge of the rules of his la

32、nguage.D.what speakers can actually do with language.76.( )is regarded as the “father of modern linguistics”?A.ChomskyB.SaussureC.HallidayD.Whorf77.The term( )linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various hi

33、storical stages.A.synchronicB.diachronicC.comparativeD.historical comparative78.Which of the following items is not a design feature of human language?A.CompetenceB.ArbitrarinessC.DisplacementD.Productivity79.Which of the following words is the entire arbitrary one?A.CrashB.BookC.NewspaperD.Beautifu

34、l80.If the study of meaning is conducted in the context of language use, a branch of linguistic study called( )come into being.A.syntaxB.semanticsC.pragmaticsD.morphology二、判断题81.conceptual meaning: is the first type of meaning recognized by Leech, which he defined as the logical, cognitive, or denot

35、ative content. In other words, it overlaps to a large extent with the notion of reference. But Leech also uses “sense” as a briefer term for his conceptual meaning. As a result, Leechs conceptual meaning has two sides: sense and reference.82.sense: In contrast to reference, sense may be defined as t

36、he semantic relations between one word and another, or more generally between one linguistic unit and another. It is concerned with the intralinguistic relations.83.reference:asetoffall-risepatternsaffectingthemeaningsofindividualwords.84.antonymy: is the technical name for one of the sense relation

37、s between linguistic units, namely the sameness relation.85.construction: refers to any syntactic construction which is assigned one or more conventional functions in a language, together with whatever is linguistically conventionalized about its contribution to the meaning or use construct contains

38、. It can be further divided into the external and internal properties. Take the sentence The boy kicked the ball. as an example, we will determine the external syntax as an independent clause, while NP (“the boy”), VP (“kicked”) and NP (“the ball”) will be assigned respectively to the different elem

39、ents in this clause.86.cohesion:refers to relations of meaning that exist within the text, and that define it as a text. The cohesive devices usually include: conjunction, ellipse, lexical collocation, lexical repetition, reference, substitution, and so on. In the following example, the cohesive dev

40、ice is “Reference”, that is, “it” refers back to the door: He couldnt open the door. It was locked tight.87.semantics: The study of the rules governing the ways different constituents are combined to form sentences in a language, or the study of the interrelationships between elements in sentence st

41、ructures.88.blending:is a relatively complex form of compounding, in which two words are blended by joining together the initial part of the first word and the final part of the second word, or by only joining the initial parts of the two words. For example, telephone+exchangetelex; transfer+ resist

42、ertransistor.89.lexical word:refers to those which mainly work for referring to substance, action and quality, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. Lexical words carry the main content of a language. So lexical words are also known as Content Words.90.inflection:is the manifestation of gra

43、mmatical relationship through the addition of inflectional affixes such as number, person, finiteness, aspect and cases to which they are attached.91.descriptive:to make an objective and systematic account of the patterns and use of a language or variety.92.matalanguage:alanguageusedfortalkingaboutw

44、ordsandsentences.93.prescriptive: to make authoritarian statement about the correctness of a particular use of language.94.diachronic:saidofthestudyofdevelopmentoflanguageandlanguagesovertime.95.synchronic:saidofanapproachthatstudieslanguageatatheoretical“point”intime.96.A Phoneme is a minimal distinctive unit in the sound system of a language. A Phone is the realization of any phoneme. Anallophone is the realization of a particular phoneme. A Phoneme is more abstract than a phone or an allophone an