词性转换构词法课件

1、第三讲词性转换(构词法)思维导图一、动词、形容词转化为名词的规律1.动词变名词的后缀后缀例词-ion/-tion/-sion/-ationcorrectcorrection改正celebratecelebration 庆祝；庆祝会attractattraction 吸引concludeconclusion 结论；结束discussdiscussion 讨论；辩论decidedecision 决定-ion/-tion/-sion/-ationadmitadmission 接纳；准许入学inviteinvitation 邀请explainexplanation 解释graduategraduati

2、on 毕业expectexpectation 期望-er/-ordrivedriver司机；驾驶员gathergatherer 收集者；采集者teachteacher 老师announceannouncer 广播员conductconductor 指挥；售票员-mentpunishpunishment 惩罚achieveachievement 功绩；成就argueargument 辩论；论据treattreatment 对待；治疗equipequipment 装备；设备governgovernment 政府-ance/-enceappearappearance出现；外貌guideguidanc

3、e 指引；指导performperformance 表演；节目existexistence 存在；生存preferpreference 偏爱referreference 参考；查阅-inghearhearing听力；听觉beginbeginning 开始-ure/-turefailfailure失败；倒闭presspressure 压力departdeparture 离开；出发mixmixture 混合；混合物-yrecoverrecovery恢复；痊愈discoverdiscovery 发现其他choosechoice选择varyvariety 多样化；种类tendtendency 趋向；趋

4、势2.形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词-ageshortshortage不足；短缺-cyefficientefficiency 效率；功效fluentfluency 流利；流畅accurateaccuracy 准确性privateprivacy 隐私；私密-domfreefreedom 自由；自主wisewisdom 明智；智慧-encedifferentdifference 差异silentsilence 沉默-nessweakweakness虚弱；弱点kindkindness 仁慈；好意carelesscarelessness 粗心大意-thstrongstrength 力气；强项warmwar

5、mth 温暖；热情-y/-ty/-ityhonesthonesty 诚实difficultdifficulty 困难cruelcruelty 残酷；残暴safesafety 安全disabledisability 无能；伤残responsibleresponsibility 责任二、名词、动词转化为形容词的规律后缀例词-ableacceptacceptable 可接受的comfortcomfortable 舒适的fashionfashionable 时髦的suitsuitable 合适的reasonreasonable 有道理的；合理的-almusicmusical 音乐的originorig

6、inal 最初的personpersonal 个人的；私人的centercentral 中央的；中心的naturenatural 自然的；天生的-fuldoubtdoubtful 怀疑的forgetforgetful 健忘的harmharmful 有害的hopehopeful 有希望的peacepeaceful 和平的-edscarescared 感到恐惧的confuseconfused 感到困惑的underlineunderlined 下划线的-ingsurprisesurprising 令人惊异的convinceconvincing 令人信服的satisfysatisfying 令人满意的

7、-ibleaccessaccessible容易取得的horrorhorrible 可怕的；恐怖的terrorterrible 可怕的-iveactactive 积极的；活跃的effecteffective 有效的；生效的attractattractive 有吸引力的impressimpressive 给人深刻印象的-ouscontinuecontinuous不断的；持续的anxietyanxious 忧虑的cautioncautious 十分小心的；谨慎的curiositycurious 好奇的humorhumorous 幽默的-sometiretiresome令人厌倦的troubletrou

8、blesome 麻烦的-ytastetasty美味的；可口的healthhealthy 健康的wealthwealthy 富裕的；丰富的-erneasteastern东方的；向东的-ishchildchildish孩子气的foolfoolish 愚蠢的；可笑的selfselfish 自私的-icsciencescientific 科学的energyenergetic 精力充沛的名师指津 -ed形容词多表示主语所处的状态，意为“感到的”，通常修饰人；-ing形容词多表示主语所具有的特征，意为“令人的”，通常修饰物或事。三、形容词转化为副词的规律类别例词直接加-lyclearclearly清楚地g

9、reatgreatly 很，大大地以辅音字母y结尾的形容词，变y为i再加-lyhappyhappily高兴地heavyheavily 沉重地词尾为ble/le的形容词，去掉e，再加-yterribleterribly可怕地gentlegently 轻轻地 词尾为ue的形容词，去掉e再加-lytruetruly 真实地词尾为ll的形容词，直接加-yfullfully充分地dulldully 迟钝地词尾为-ic的形容词，加-allybasicbasically 主要地scientific scientifically 合乎科学地厘清两种情况，突破词性转换1.名词在句中作宾语，被冠词或形容词或形容词

10、性物主代词所修饰 例1 She is determined to carry on with her_(educate)(2017全国卷)分析 education前面有形容词性物主代词her，此处应该使用动词educate的名词形式education作宾语。从句法功用上看，厘清“修饰与被修饰”例2 Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，who lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC.，influenced the_(develop)of chopsticks.(2016全国卷)分析 dev

11、elopment根据空前面的the和空后面的of可知，此处需要名词。2.形容词在句中作定语，常放在名词之前例3 It was a relief and I came to a _(sudden) stop just in the middle of the road.(2017全国卷改编)分析 sudden此处需要用形容词修饰后面的名词stop，表示“突然的停止”。3.形容词在句中作表语，常放在be，get，become，remain等系动词后例4 At one time，I even felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I cou

12、ld be _ (free) from them.(2016全国卷改编)分析 free此处需要用形容词作表语。be free from them“摆脱他们”。4.形容词在句中作宾语补足语，之前常有使役动词、感官动词或介词with加名词或代词例5 As I walked，I looked up，trying to realize what made this day so _(beauty)分析 beautiful使役动词make之后跟复合宾语，用形容词作宾语补足语。5.副词在句中修饰动词例6 The title will be_(official) given to me at a cerem

13、ony in London.(2016全国卷)分析 officially此处表示(大使)这个头衔将在伦敦的一个仪式上正式授予给我。分析句子结构可知，应该使用副词officially作状语修饰动词given。6.副词在句中修饰形容词或其他副词例7 Dad and I were _(terrible) worried.(全国卷改编)分析 terribly此处应用副词terribly修饰形容词worried。7.副词用在句首，修饰整个句子，表示状态、原因等例8 _(lucky)，he also had a cow which produced milk every day.(广东高考)分析 Luck

14、ily此处为副词用于句首，表示状态。8.要特别注意有使役用法的动词的分词形式用作形容词时的区别。如amazed常修饰人的内心感受，表示“吃惊的”；amazing常修饰事物，表示“令人吃惊的”。例9 There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and_(disappoint)(新课标全国卷)分析 disappointeddisappointed和前面的anxious并列，表示人的内心活动，应使用-ed形式的形容词，此处表示“他们中有些人看起来既焦虑又失望”。词形变化是重点，注意特殊形式和变化特点：以-e结尾加-ly，切记true需把-e去；-ble，-ple都是去-e把-y加。另外需注意形副同形词。例10 Instead，he hopes that his business will grow _(steady)(2016全国卷改编)分析 steadily谓语动词grow是不及物动词，意为“增长，增强”，此处应该使用副词steadily作状语修饰grow。grow steadily意为“稳定地增长”。例11 Recent studies show that we are far