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1、老年晚期肺癌患者的药物选择主要内容背景 细胞毒药物化疗 分子靶向治疗总结 4123主要内容背景 1背景肺癌世界范围内: 男性人群:发病率和死亡率居第1位; 女性人群:发病率居第3位,死亡率居第2位1。在美国: 居恶性肿瘤相关死亡第1位2,且47%的肺癌患者年龄70岁3。在我国: 发病率和死亡率居首位4。 随着人口老龄化,老年肺癌患者的比例将持续上升!老年肺癌研究现状 前瞻性研究较少,临床缺乏足够的循证医学证据5。1Torre LA,et a1CA Cancer J Clin,2015,65(2):871082Siegel R,et a1CA Cancer J Clin,2014,64(1):9

2、293Owonikoko TK,et a1J Clin Oncol,2007,25(35):557055774Chen W,et a1Chin J Cancer Res,2013,25(1):1O一215SacherAG,eta1J Thorae Oncol,2013,8(3):366368主要内容细胞毒药物化疗 2细胞毒药物化疗单药化疗长春瑞滨 长春瑞滨单药方案可延长老年NSCLC患者中位生存期(MST),提高1年生存率,但与含铂类两药联合化疗方案相比,没有延长总生存时间。6Devlin JG, et al. Clin Lung Cancer, 2007, 8(5): 319-326.细胞毒

3、药物化疗单药化疗紫杉醇方法:27名NSCLC患者(B/期),平均年龄73岁(70-83岁),其中16名患者有并发症。给予紫杉醇(80mg/m2,第1、8、15天,每4周1次)方案治疗。结果:平均进展时间为5个月,平均生存时间12个月; 7例出现乏力,1例出现过敏反应,无其他的3/4级毒性反应。结论:紫杉醇每周方案(80mg/m2)疗效确切且安全性高,在老年患者可作为替代长春瑞滨或吉西他滨的一线治疗方案,尤其是存在并发症的患者。7Rossi D, et al.Clin Lung Cancer, 2008, 9(5): 280-284. 细胞毒药物化疗单药化疗吉西他滨方法:47例NSCLC患者(B

4、-期),平均年龄73岁(70-82岁),第1、8、15天应用吉西他滨(1000mg/m2),每28天为1个周期。结果:总有效率为21.7%,中位生存期8.4个月。 度白细胞减少为19.0%,非血液学毒性少见,无度骨髓抑制。结论:吉西他滨单药用于老年NSCLC患者疗效较好,毒性较低。8Martoni A,et al.Am J Clin Oncol, 2001, 24(6): 614-617.细胞毒药物化疗联合化疗 NCCN指南:成年人宜选用联合化疗方案以达到更高的有效率。常用方案:1.非铂类联合化疗长春瑞滨+吉西他滨或吉西他滨+紫杉醇/多西他赛。2.铂类药物为基础的联合化疗卡铂/顺铂+长春瑞滨/

5、吉西他滨/紫杉类等。细胞毒药物化疗非铂类联合化疗RCT试验方法:707例老年B、期NSCLC患者随机分为3组,分别给予:A组:长春瑞滨(NVB,30mg/m2);B组:吉西他滨(GEM,1200mg/m2);C组:长春瑞滨(NVB,25mg/m2)+吉西他滨(GEM,1000mg/m2),所有药物均为第1、8天给药,3周为1周期最多6个周期。9Gridelli C, et al. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2003, 95(5): 362-372.细胞毒药物化疗结果1 C组分别与A组、B组比较,与生存期、肿瘤进展时间、客观缓解率均无显著差异(P0.05)。9Gridelli C,

6、 et al. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2003, 95(5): 362-372.细胞毒药物化疗非铂类联合化疗RCT试验结果2C组与A组比较,血小板减少、肝毒性发生率显著升高(P0.05) ;C组与B组比较,中性粒细胞减少、呕吐、乏力、心脏毒性、便秘等发生率显著升高(P0.05)。 9Gridelli C, et al. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2003, 95(5): 362-372.细胞毒药物化疗非铂类联合化疗RCT试验结论: 对于老年患者,联合化疗不一定优于单药化疗。9Gridelli C, et al. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2003,

7、 95(5): 362-372.方法: 451例70-80岁晚期NSCLC患者随机分为3组,分别给予:A组:长春瑞滨;B组:吉西他滨;C组:紫杉醇+卡铂结果显示:结果显示,采用两药化疗患者的中位生存时间(10.3个月)长于单药化疗(6.2 个月,0.01);两药化疗患者更易发生骨髓抑制和肌无力,但均可耐受细胞毒药物化疗铂类联合化疗1.NCCN指南 以铂类为基础的联合化疗是晚期成年NSCLC患者的一线标准治疗方案,疗效优于单药化疗。2.铂类副作用 明显的胃肠道、肾脏、神经系统毒性,老年人是否耐受较有争议。3.铂类的选择 研究表明10,卡铂和顺铂在晚期NSCLC一线治疗中对总生存无显著差异。4.铂

8、类联合化疗用于老年NSCLC患者的临床试验11 适当降低用药量或采用每周给药方案,结果卡铂联合方案疗效及患者耐受性均较好,因此,推荐一般情况好的老年患者可采用低剂量卡铂、顺铂联合方案化疗,但在用药期间应密切关注可能发生的血液毒性及消化道毒性反应,并及时采取相应的防治措施。10蒋京伟,等 . 中华医学杂志,2006,86(37):2615-2620.11Hiroshi Takatani, et al. Clin Lung Cancer, 2012 Jan 18. 主要内容分子靶向治疗3分子靶向治疗厄洛替尼:EURTAC研究12Resell R,et a1Lancet Once1,2012,3(3

9、):239-246.分子靶向治疗EURTAC研究:RCT试验方法:173例EGFR敏感突变的晚期NSCLC患者(B-期),65岁患者88例,65岁85例。随机分为厄洛替尼组和含铂两药(吉西他滨或多西他赛)化疗组,主要终点事件为PFS。结果:1.厄洛替尼组中位PFS为9.7个月,化疗组仅5.2个月(P0.001);2.3-4度不良反应主要为皮疹(厄洛替尼组13%,化疗组0)和中性粒细胞减少(厄洛替尼组0,化疗组22%)。3. 165岁患者同样获益(HR=0.28,P=0.496)。基于EURTAC研究:2013年5月美国FDA批准厄洛替尼一线治疗EGFR敏感突变的晚期NSCLC患者13。13Kh

10、ozin S,et a1Oncologist,2014,19(7):774-779分子靶向治疗贝伐单抗研究类型研究内容结论前瞻性研究ECOG 4599研究14 :RCT试验 美国FDA于2006年10月批准PCB方案一线治疗无脑转移、无出血史的晚期非鳞NSCLC患者。回顾性研究Ramalingam等15: ECOG 4599中224例70岁患者应用PCB方案的疗效和安全性。 老年晚期肺癌患者接受PCB方案治疗不能延长其生存时间,且毒副反应较大。回顾性研究Zhu等16 : 4168例65岁初治晚期非鳞NSCLC患者,评价PCB方案是否能延长老年肺癌患者的生存时间。 PCB方案并未显著延长老年肺癌

11、患者的生存时间。PCB 方案:贝伐单抗+紫杉醇+卡铂14SandierA,et a1N Engl J Med,2006,355(24):2542255015Ramalingam SS,et a1J Clin Oneel,2oo8,26(1):60-6516Zhu J,et a1JAMA,2012,307(15):15931601分子靶向治疗贝伐单抗研究类型研究内容结论前瞻性研究AVAIL研究17 :RCT试验 GCB方案可明显提高患者的PFS,且不良反应可耐受。回顾性研究Leighl等18:回顾性分析AVAIL研究中304例老年(65岁)晚期肺癌患者应用GCB方案的疗效和安全性。 GCB方案可

12、以延长老年肺癌患者的生存时间且耐受性良好。GCB 方案:贝伐单抗+吉西他滨+顺铂17 Reek M,et a1Ann Oncol,2010,(9):18041809.18Leighl NB,et a1J Thorac Oncol,2010,5(12):19701976分子靶向治疗贝伐单抗研究类型研究内容结论前瞻性研究SAiL研究19 :RCT试验老年晚期非鳞NSCLC患者一线应用贝伐单抗联合标准化疗方案同样安全有效。前瞻性研究ARIES研究20:RCT试验贝伐单抗联合标准化疗方案19I Crinb L,et a1Lancet 0ncel,2010,1 (8):73374020LynehTJ J

13、r,et a1J Thorac 0ncol,2014,9(9):13321339主要内容总结 4总结 1.老年肺癌患者的药物治疗需要权衡患者的一般情况评分、考察肝肾功能和患者意愿等,实施个体化治疗,以便为患者更合理的选择化疗药物。 2.可应用长春瑞滨等单药化疗、含铂两药化疗(PS 评分好)、针对 EGFR 敏感突变的小分子靶向药物厄洛替尼、含贝伐单抗的联合治疗(非鳞癌)等。 3.用药过程中需密切观察患者的毒副反应,并及时采取相应的防治措施。参考文献1Torre LA,Bray F,Siegel RL,et a1Global cancer statistics,2012JCA Cancer J

14、Clin,2015,65(2):871082Siegel R,Ma J,Zou Z,et a1Cancer statistics,2014JCA Cancer J Clin,2014,64(1):9293Owonikoko TK,Ragin CC,Belani CP,et a1Lung cancelin elderly patients:an analysis of the surveillance, epidemiology, an d end results databaseJJ Clin Oncol,2007,25(35):557055774Chen W,Zheng R, S,et a1

15、Report ofincidence and mortality in China cancer registries,2OO9JChin J Cancer Res,2013,25(1):1O一215SacherAG,Le LW,LeighlNB,eta1Eldedy patientswith advanced NSCLC in phase In clinical trials:are the elderly eXClUded from practicechanging trials in advanced NSCLC?JJ Thorae Oncol,2013,8(3):3663686Devl

16、in JG, Langer CJ. Salvage therapy with vinorelbine in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a retrospective review of the Fox Chase Cancer Center experience and a review of the literatureJ. Clin Lung Cancer, 2007, 8(5): 319-326.Devlin JG, et al. Clin Lung Cancer, 2007, 8(5): 319-326.7Rossi D, Dennett

17、a D, Ugolini M, et al. Weekly paclitaxel in elderly patients (aged or = 70 years) with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: an alternative choice? Results of a phase II studyJ. Clin Lung Cancer, 2008, 9(5): 280-284. Rossi D, et al.Clin Lung Cancer, 2008, 9(5): 280-284. 8Martoni A, Di Fabio F, Guaral

18、di M, et al. Prospective phase study of single agent gemcitabine in untreated elderly patients with stage B/ non-small-cell lung cancerJ. Am J Clin Oncol, 2001, 24(6): 614-617.Martoni A,et al.Am J Clin Oncol, 2001, 24(6): 614-617.9Gridelli C, Perrone F, Gallo C, et al. Chemotherapy for elderly patie

19、nts with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: the multicenter Italian lung cancer in the elderly study (MILES) phase randomized trialJ. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2003, 95(5): 362-372.Gridelli C, et al. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2003, 95(5): 362-372.10蒋京伟,梁晓华,周鑫莉,等 . 卡铂与顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效的荟萃分析J. 中华医学杂志,2006,86(37):2

20、615-2620.11Hiroshi Takatani, Yoichi Nakamura, Seiji Nagashima, et al. Phase I and II trials of vinorelbine with carboplatin for patients 75 years of age or older with previously untreated nonsmall-cell lung cancerJ. Clin Lung Cancer, 2012 Jan 18.12Resell R,Carcereny E,Gervais R,et a1Erlotinib versus

21、 standard chemotherapy as firstline treatment for European patients with advanced EGFR mutation-positive non-smal1eell lung cancer(EURTAC):a muhicentre,openlabel。randomised phase 3 trialJLancet Once1,2012,3(3):239-246.13Khozin S,Blumenthal GM,Jiang X,et a1USFood and Drug Administration approval summ

22、ary: Erlotinib for the firstline treatment of metastatic nonsmall eell lung cancer with epidermal growth factor receptor exon 19 deletions or exon 2l (L858R) substitution mutationsJOncologist,2014,19(7):774-77914SandierA,GrayR,PerryMC,et a1Paelitaxelearboplatinalone or with bevacizumab for nonsmall-

23、celI lung cancerf JN Engl J Med,2006,355(24):2542255015Ramalingam SS,Dahlberg SE,Langer CJ,et a1Outcomes for elderly,advancedstage non small-cell lung cancer patients treated with bevaeizumab in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel:analysis ofEastern Cooperative Oncology Group al 4599JJ Clin

24、Oneel,2oo8,26(1):60-6516Zhu J,Sharma DB,Gray SW,et a1Carboplatin and paclitaxel with vs without bevacizumab in older patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancerJJAMA,2012,307(15):1593160117 Reek M,yon Pawel J,Zatloukal P,et a1Overall survival with cisplatin gemcitabine and bevacizumab or place

25、bo as first1ine thempy for nonsquamous nonsmall-cell lung cancer:results from a randomised phase 11I trial(AVAIL)JAnn Oncol,2010,(9):18041809.18Leighl NB,Zatloukal P,Mezger J,et a1Efficacy and safety of bevacizumabbased therapy in elderly patients with advaneed orrecurrent nonsquamous non-small eell

26、 lung cancer in the phase(B017704) study(AVAIL)JJ Thorac Oncol,2010,5(12):1970197619I Crinb L,Dansin E,Garrido P,et a1Safety and eficacy of first1ine bevacizumabbased therapy in advanced nonsquamous nonsmallcell lung cancer(SAiL,MO19390):a phase 4 studyJLancet 0ncel,2010,1 (8):73374020LynehTJ Jr,Spi

27、gelDR,Brahmer J,et a1Safetyand effectiveness of bevacizumab-containing treatment for nonsmal1cell langcancer:final results of the ARIES observational cohort studyJJ Thorac 0ncol,2014,9(9):133213391Torre LA,Bray F,Siegel RL,et a1Global cancer statistics,2012JCA Cancer J Clin,2015,65(2):871082Siegel R

28、,Ma J,Zou Z,et a1Cancer statistics,2014JCA Cancer J Clin,2014,64(1):9293Owonikoko TK,Ragin CC,Belani CP,et a1Lung cancelin elderly patients:an analysis of the surveillance, epidemiology, an d end results databaseJJ Clin Oncol,2007,25(35):557055774Chen W,Zheng R, S,et a1Report ofincidence and mortali

29、ty in China cancer registries,2OO9JChin J Cancer Res,2013,25(1):1O一215SacherAG,Le LW,LeighlNB,eta1Eldedy patientswith advanced NSCLC in phase In clinical trials:are the elderly eXClUded from practicechanging trials in advanced NSCLC?JJ Thorae Oncol,2013,8(3):3663686Devlin JG, Langer CJ. Salvage ther

30、apy with vinorelbine in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a retrospective review of the Fox Chase Cancer Center experience and a review of the literatureJ. Clin Lung Cancer, 2007, 8(5): 319-326.Devlin JG, et al. Clin Lung Cancer, 2007, 8(5): 319-326.7Rossi D, Dennetta D, Ugolini M, et al. Weekly

31、paclitaxel in elderly patients (aged or = 70 years) with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: an alternative choice? Results of a phase II studyJ. Clin Lung Cancer, 2008, 9(5): 280-284. Rossi D, et al.Clin Lung Cancer, 2008, 9(5): 280-284. 8Martoni A, Di Fabio F, Guaraldi M, et al. Prospective phase

32、 study of single agent gemcitabine in untreated elderly patients with stage B/ non-small-cell lung cancerJ. Am J Clin Oncol, 2001, 24(6): 614-617.Martoni A,et al.Am J Clin Oncol, 2001, 24(6): 614-617.9Gridelli C, Perrone F, Gallo C, et al. Chemotherapy for elderly patients with advanced non-small-ce

33、ll lung cancer: the multicenter Italian lung cancer in the elderly study (MILES) phase randomized trialJ. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2003, 95(5): 362-372.Gridelli C, et al. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2003, 95(5): 362-372.10蒋京伟,梁晓华,周鑫莉,等 . 卡铂与顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效的荟萃分析J. 中华医学杂志,2006,86(37):2615-2620.参考文献1Torre LA,Bray F,

34、Siegel RL,et a1Global cancer statistics,2012JCA Cancer J Clin,2015,65(2):871082Siegel R,Ma J,Zou Z,et a1Cancer statistics,2014JCA Cancer J Clin,2014,64(1):9293Owonikoko TK,Ragin CC,Belani CP,et a1Lung cancelin elderly patients:an analysis of the surveillance, epidemiology, an d end results databaseJ

35、J Clin Oncol,2007,25(35):557055774Chen W,Zheng R, S,et a1Report ofincidence and mortality in China cancer registries,2OO9JChin J Cancer Res,2013,25(1):1O一215SacherAG,Le LW,LeighlNB,eta1Eldedy patientswith advanced NSCLC in phase In clinical trials:are the elderly eXClUded from practicechanging trial

36、s in advanced NSCLC?JJ Thorae Oncol,2013,8(3):3663686Devlin JG, Langer CJ. Salvage therapy with vinorelbine in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a retrospective review of the Fox Chase Cancer Center experience and a review of the literatureJ. Clin Lung Cancer, 2007, 8(5): 319-326.Devlin JG, et al

37、. Clin Lung Cancer, 2007, 8(5): 319-326.7Rossi D, Dennetta D, Ugolini M, et al. Weekly paclitaxel in elderly patients (aged or = 70 years) with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: an alternative choice? Results of a phase II studyJ. Clin Lung Cancer, 2008, 9(5): 280-284. Rossi D, et al.Clin Lung Ca

38、ncer, 2008, 9(5): 280-284. 8Martoni A, Di Fabio F, Guaraldi M, et al. Prospective phase study of single agent gemcitabine in untreated elderly patients with stage B/ non-small-cell lung cancerJ. Am J Clin Oncol, 2001, 24(6): 614-617.Martoni A,et al.Am J Clin Oncol, 2001, 24(6): 614-617.9Gridelli C,

39、Perrone F, Gallo C, et al. Chemotherapy for elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: the multicenter Italian lung cancer in the elderly study (MILES) phase randomized trialJ. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2003, 95(5): 362-372.Gridelli C, et al. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2003, 95(5): 362-372.10蒋京伟,

40、梁晓华,周鑫莉,等 . 卡铂与顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效的荟萃分析J. 中华医学杂志,2006,86(37):2615-2620.11Hiroshi Takatani, Yoichi Nakamura, Seiji Nagashima, et al. Phase I and II trials of vinorelbine with carboplatin for patients 75 years of age or older with previously untreated nonsmall-cell lung cancerJ. Clin Lung Cancer, 2012 Jan

41、18.12Resell R,Carcereny E,Gervais R,et a1Erlotinib versus standard chemotherapy as firstline treatment for European patients with advanced EGFR mutation-positive non-smal1eell lung cancer(EURTAC):a muhicentre,openlabel。randomised phase 3 trialJLancet Once1,2012,3(3):239-246.13Khozin S,Blumenthal GM,

42、Jiang X,et a1USFood and Drug Administration approval summary: Erlotinib for the firstline treatment of metastatic nonsmall eell lung cancer with epidermal growth factor receptor exon 19 deletions or exon 2l (L858R) substitution mutationsJOncologist,2014,19(7):774-77914SandierA,GrayR,PerryMC,et a1Pae

43、litaxelearboplatinalone or with bevacizumab for nonsmall-celI lung cancerf JN Engl J Med,2006,355(24):2542255015Ramalingam SS,Dahlberg SE,Langer CJ,et a1Outcomes for elderly,advancedstage non small-cell lung cancer patients treated with bevaeizumab in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel:anal

44、ysis ofEastern Cooperative Oncology Group al 4599JJ Clin Oneel,2oo8,26(1):60-6516Zhu J,Sharma DB,Gray SW,et a1Carboplatin and paclitaxel with vs without bevacizumab in older patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancerJJAMA,2012,307(15):1593160117 Reek M,yon Pawel J,Zatloukal P,et a1Overall sur

45、vival with cisplatin gemcitabine and bevacizumab or placebo as first1ine thempy for nonsquamous nonsmall-cell lung cancer:results from a randomised phase 11I trial(AVAIL)JAnn Oncol,2010,(9):18041809.18Leighl NB,Zatloukal P,Mezger J,et a1Efficacy and safety of bevacizumabbased therapy in elderly pati

46、ents with advaneed orrecurrent nonsquamous non-small eell lung cancer in the phase(B017704) study(AVAIL)JJ Thorac Oncol,2010,5(12):1970197619I Crinb L,Dansin E,Garrido P,et a1Safety and eficacy of first1ine bevacizumabbased therapy in advanced nonsquamous nonsmallcell lung cancer(SAiL,MO19390):a pha

47、se 4 studyJLancet 0ncel,2010,1 (8):73374020LynehTJ Jr,SpigelDR,Brahmer J,et a1Safetyand effectiveness of bevacizumab-containing treatment for nonsmal1cell langcancer:final results of the ARIES observational cohort studyJJ Thorac 0ncol,2014,9(9):1332133911Hiroshi Takatani, Yoichi Nakamura, Seiji Naga

48、shima, et al. Phase I and II trials of vinorelbine with carboplatin for patients 75 years of age or older with previously untreated nonsmall-cell lung cancerJ. Clin Lung Cancer, 2012 Jan 18.12Resell R,Carcereny E,Gervais R,et a1Erlotinib versus standard chemotherapy as firstline treatment for Europe

49、an patients with advanced EGFR mutation-positive non-smal1eell lung cancer(EURTAC):a muhicentre,openlabel。randomised phase 3 trialJLancet Once1,2012,3(3):239-246.13Khozin S,Blumenthal GM,Jiang X,et a1USFood and Drug Administration approval summary: Erlotinib for the firstline treatment of metastatic nonsmall eell

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