《GRE高频作文》word版

1、Argument提纲一.开头部分In this argument, the arguer concludes thatto substantiate the conclusion, the arguer points out thatIn addition, the arguer assumes that / reasons that / cites the example of / cites the result of a recent study thatA careful examination of this argument would reveal how groundless

2、it is. 二.论证驳斥部分First of all, the argument is based on a false analogy. / The arguer simply assumes thatbut he does not provide any evidence thatis indeed comparable. / As we knowdiffer conspicuously. / It is true that bothbut even here exist fundamental differences/ Therefore, even thoughproved effe

3、ctive in doingthere is no guarantee that it will work just as well for/ As a result, A and B do not establish a warranted analogy, so we cannot safely assume that (两者无法比) The author unfairly assumes that A bears some relations to B. / However, the author provides no evidence to support that this is

4、the case, nor does the author establish a causal relationship between A and B. / It is highly possible that other factors might contribute to the B/change/progress. / For exampleit is also likely B just resulted from/ Lacking evidence that links A to B, it is presumptuous to suggest that A was respo

5、nsible for B. (无法建立必然的因果关系) The evidence the author provides is insufficient to support the conclusion drawn from it. / One example is rarely sufficient to establish a general conclusion. / Based on a specific example of, it is logically unsounded to make suggestion for all/ In fact, in face of such

6、 limited evidence, it is fallacious to draw any conclusion at all. / Unless it can be shown thatis representative of all, the conclusion thatis completely unwarranted. (单个事例不能说明整体问题) By concluding that sb must do A or must do B, the author commits a fallacy of“false dilemma”. / The author assumes th

7、at A and B are the only available solutions to the problem. / However, it is possible that other factors might also contribute to the problem. For example/ If so, just doing A and B would not solve the problem. (还有其他原因) In addition, the arguer commits a fallacy of hasty generalization. / Even if, wh

8、ich is, of course, an unwarranted assumption, it does not follow that/ It is highly possible that other factors may have contributed to B/ For instance,/ Besides, the arguer does not provide any solid information concerning/ Unless, which is unknown from this argument, there is no guarantee that/ Wi

9、thout ruling out these and other possible factors that give rise to B, the author cannot confidently conclude that (结论得出过早，考虑不周到) The arguer assumes that just because one event follows another, the second event has been caused by the first. / However, no evidence is provided to support that this is

10、the case. / The mere fact that A occurs before B does not necessarily establish a causal relationship between A and B. / It is highly possible that other factors might also bring about these same results. / For instance,in addition,/ Without ruling out these and other possible factors that give rise

11、 to B, the author cannot confidently conclude that（无因果关系）The recommendation depends on the assumption that no alternative means of doing sth are available. / However, the arguer fails to offer any evidence to substantiate this crucial assumption. It is highly possible that means other than this woul

12、d better solve the problem. / Without considering and ruling out these and other alternative means of doing sth, the author cannot confidently conclude thatThe arguer assumes the characteristics of asgroupsapply to every member of that group. / The conclusion thatis based on the assumption that/ How

13、ever, there is no guarantee that this is the case, nor does the author provide any evidence to substantiate this assumption. It is very likely that/ Lacking such evidence the author cannot draw any firm conclusion. (整体规律不一定适用于个人) It is assumed without justification that background conditions have re

14、mained the same at different times / conditions. / The arguer unfairly infers fromin the past that/ However, he/she fails to offer any evidence to substantiate this inference. It is very likely thator that/ Any of these scenarios, if true, would serve to undermine the claim that (从过去不能推知现在和将来) Final

15、ly, the arguer provides no assurance that the survey on which the argument depends is statistically reliable. / Lacking information about the number ofsurveyed and the number of respondents, it is impossible to assess the validity of the results. /For example, ifwere surveyed but onlyresponded, the

16、conclusion thatwould be highly suspected. / Another problem is the representativeness of the respondents. Were they representative of all the? Werechosen for the survey chosen randomly or did they volunteer for the survey? / Lacking such evidence the author cannot draw any firm conclusion based on t

17、he study. 三.结尾部分In summary, this argument is not persuasive as it stands. To make it more convincing, the arguer would have to provide more evidence concerning/ provide evidence to rule out other possible causes ofTo better evaluate the argument, we would need more information regardingIssue模版第一段Det

18、ermining whether something should or should not be done could be weighed in many aspects. Different people have different answers due to their respective points of view. On balance, my view is that the final judgment should depend on a case-by-case analysis of the two situations. / In my point of vi

19、ew, I agree with the speaker on the grounds that/ At the first glance, this opinion seems to be somewhat appealing, but further reflection tells me that I cannot agree with it for the following reasons. 第二段*同意The first and foremost reason why I support / agree with above statement is thatthere is al

20、so a further more subtle point to consider. *反对Although at first glance these arguments sound reasonable and appealing, they are not born out by a careful consideration. The undeniable deficiency in above arguments is that they are negligent of the bare fact that. 第三段In conclusion, it must be explai

21、ned that these three reasons sometimes intertwine to form an organic whole, thus becoming more persuasive than anyone of them. So, any thinking person must believe that6 Most people would agree that buildings represent a valuable record of any societys past, but controversy arises when old buildings

22、 stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes. In such situations, modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings so that contemporary needs can be served. 过去和现在之建筑物With the developments of human society, the controvers

23、y rose from the gap between the old building and the new one has attracted more and more attentions. Some persons argue that the land that has been taken for the historic building should be better used for modern purpose. While others insist that the old buildings have great meanings to human race a

24、nd should also play a certain role in the progress of modern society. One of the best ways to solve this controversy is to construct a balance between the preservation of historic building and the development of modern world.Compared with the realistic use in the past, the historic architectures hav

25、e been playing two important roles in the modern society. One is the research objects for the historians in order to reconstruct the scene of the past and find the truth about the old events. Some of the buildings in the past have played a crucial role in the events that may have profound effects on

26、 the evolution of human society. The other is the vivid historic text books that may help people, especially the descendents, to remind the lessons and experience that the ancestors have ever had. As the witness of the historic events, the old buildings have been viewed as the recorders of human his

27、tory and can help human beings to maintain their civilization in the long run.The reasons above do not prevent the old building from losing its significant status in todays technological advanced society. With the advent of computer and other advanced technology, human beings have become more and mo

28、re concerned about the efficiency, productivity and some other things pertaining to the practical interest. In order to earn as much money as possible, many gigantic buildings have been introduced in the great city and also more people prefer to enjoy the convenience of the urbanism, and in the end,

29、 induce more and more people moving into the cities. When most of the area has been dominated by various monstrous edifices, people begin to focus their attentions on the land which has been taken by the old buildings. Under this circumstance, the conflict between the old building and new one has be

30、en raised.In todays era of high efficiency and high productivity, which lead to increasing the living pace, the historic building also has its advantages. Some old architecture enable common persons to recall the tragic accidents easily, these buildings can help warn modern human beings to absorb th

31、e ancestors lessons. Still some old buildings can help people to recognize the thriving world, which has come from the hard efforts of our forefathers and will eventually make the adolescents know the precious time they have possessed.Striking the balance between the preservation of old buildings an

32、d the development of our modern world is the primary problem that people should first to solve. On the one hand, fulfilling the improvements of the modern society does not mean it has been given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings, for the old buildings present the human history a

33、nd we can not develop the world at the cost of losing the history. On the other hand, preserving all the historical architectures may also too wasteful. So just preserving some important buildings is one of the most provident ways to solving the controversy.In sum, the old buildings are playing sign

34、ificant roles, no matter in the past, in the modern time, or in the future. Can human civilization be lasting long only when we develop the new society and retain the historic buildings at the same time. Resuming the progress of the society and preserving the human history is the twin ideals of mode

35、rn world.10 The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase peoples efficiency so that everyone has more leisure time. 15What is the primary goal of technological advancement? Some may say that it is to provide people with more comfortable and convenient life. Then, what is the t

36、erm comfortable means? Is one who has more leisure time due to the increasing of the efficiency enjoying the comfortable life? With the development of human society, the manifold goal of technology has become more and more manifest.(可以采用比较一般的开头，或者简化成一般的设问句，但是在最后要给出正面的肯定的观点）Technology emerged as soon

37、 as human race came into this world and began to fight for surviving. In the early stage, technology served as the implements for human beings to conquer the nature. In the process of struggling against all the menaces of the nature, our ancestors have generalized and accumulated all sorts of experi

38、ences, and also created a series of technology in order to help the descendents to adapt to the environment. This circumstance has been continued until the technology that accumulated by human race are powerful enough to overcome most of the threats of the nature. Then the twofold use of technology

39、begins to appear. On the one hand, the technology has made the dominators possible to strive for convenient and luxurious life. On the other hand, the governors also use it to quash the rebellions and exploit their people, even sometime, to fight with other nations. With the advent of the Industrial

40、 Revolution, technology began to contribute to the majority of human beings. The great improvement of modern technology has eventually increased the efficiency of peoples life, and also makes it possible for most individuals to possess a large amount of leisure time.In todays rapid changing society,

41、 it is hard to allege that the increasing of peoples efficiency and hence enable most of people have more leisure time are the primary goal of technological advancement. As is so often pointed out, modern technology make the relationship between people become more impersonal and aloof. The early ini

42、tiative handicraft has been replaced by assembly line of machinery, and the works jobs are always unutterably boring. The bargaining between people also gives its ways to the high efficient trade in the supermarket. So, spectacles above are the primary goal of the modern technology, it bound to rais

43、e many persons unsatisfactory.The two-edged effects of the technology which can be used equally for good or evil have become more manifest than ever. For one thing, the extraordinary progress in technology enhances persons capable of creating more convenient and enjoyable life and living environment

44、. However, the influence of the development of industrial technology upon the nature has been completely neglected, and leads to some aspects of the technology has adversely affected the peoples life, and in the end impede the entire progress of human society. For instance, the toxic gases, petrol f

45、umes and polluted water that released from the factory are all greatly hampered the peoples health. So, to the managers of the factory, making a profit, even at the cost of polluted the environment, serving as the primary goal for them to use the technology, and on the contrary, common people may re

46、gard providing the comfortable life as the primary goal of using the technology.The manifold goals of technology are, of course, the result of the evolution of human society. The circumstance that different groups in the society holds different expectation of technology will also continues.11 Money

47、spent on research is almost always a good investment, even when the results of that research are controversial. 花在研究上的资金基本上都是不错的投资，即使研究的结果是有争议的。现实和理想Research has played a crucial role in the evolution of human society and this tread has become more and more manifest. The discussion of the issue asse

48、rts that no matter what results the research might be, it is always worth to investigate on research. At the first glance, the opinion seems to be somewhat absolutely and unreasonable, however, after a further consideration in details, I strongly agree with it for the following reasons.In the first

49、place, endowments in the research are much more worth in many aspects, when compared with other kinds of investments. For example, spending certain amount of money in constructing a factory, though may increase the number of goods in the market place, or in other words to bring some immediate benefi

50、ts to the human society, seldom have any profound effects to the entire development of human civilization. However, the investment on the research always contributes to the improvement of technology and hence the promotion of the civilized level. This circumstance has become much more manifest in to

51、days rapid changing world because the time spent on transforming the results of scientific research into practical use has been shortened greatly, and also made the modern research began to possess short-term advantage towards the whole society.Secondly, though in certain fields, the invest on resea

52、rch would inevitable bring some potential menace and controversy, all these stuffs might not be as bad as we thought. On the one hand, the controversy could help people get in touch with those fields and consider those things that they have never figured about. On the other hand, some controversial

53、researches might attract more peoples attentions on certain fields, which would make more and more scientists, even common people, come to care about the new members of research fields.Admittedly, the twofold effects of research have become much more apparent than ever. On the one hand, the research

54、es help the human beings to construct the comfort environment in the world. On the other hand, it also ruins the pleasant ambience of peoples dwellings. Today, many countries encourage most of the researches for the purpose of developing the nations economy and enhancement of the citizens living sta

55、ndard, at the same time, they also endow a large amount of money in order to research many powerful weapons that have potential threats upon the rest of the world. In addition, some research fields contradicting with the certain tradition or even the ethic standers, and therefore brings the conflict

56、s into the present society. In the extreme case the order of the whole civilization has been broken out. So, introducing a set of instructions which guilds the inclination of the research endowments by government are one of the best ways to overcome the adverse effect.In sum, research could not only

57、 give people a further recognition towards the world but also propel the progress of the technology and civilization. Therefore, investment on most of the research may strength the belief of a brighter future.16 The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by th

58、eir contemporaries. 18一个人是否伟大只能由后人评定，而非由同时代的人。 The evolution of human civilization has been replete with various kinds of influence of different persons. Some of them have effected not only on the contemporaries community but also on the future development of the human world, while others may not co

59、ntribute to the society of that time, but have profound impacts on the next generations. So, both the contemporary persons and people who live after them can decide the greatness of one individual.First of all, no one can deny every phase in the history possess its celebrities who have played the cr

60、ucial role in the contemporary society. This is particularly manifest in the political realm. Most of the political leaders have been delegated the right to decide most of the issues of one nation and only those who live at that era can experience the influence of those measures introduced by the po