Oracle9i应用服务器及J2EE架构课件

1、Oracle 9i应用服务器及J2EE架构马 梅 计算中心数据库课题组2002.2.25内 容Oracle 9i应用服务器Oracle9iAS Containers for J2EE ArchitectureOracle 9i 应用服务器Oracle9iAS同Oracle9i和Oracle9iDeveloperSuite工具集结合在一起，为创建、提交和管理Internet应用提供了高度可伸缩的、基于标准的基础结构和优良的数据集成特性。适于运行任何Internet应用包括J2EE和基于模型的应用。Oracle9iAS提供了由Apache所支持的Oracle9iAS高速缓存等新特性，可大幅提高网站

2、性能和规模可调性。无需增加更多的昂贵硬件就可以以更丰富的动态页面内容支持更多的用户。Oracle9iAS以Web界面为先，将浏览器作为标准访问界面，同时还有很多可用的现成Portlet(网页模块)存储在Oracle9i数据库中，这样用户只需要通过装配组合就可以快速构造出企业电子商务门户。Oracle9iAS还支持基于角色的个性化处理，能够构建一次登录门户。Oracle9iASWireless支持任何访问设备，并能够根据访问设备的不同进行个性化处理。List of iAS DocumentsList of Books for New Users /docs/cd/A97329_02/90200d

3、oc_otn/mix.902/q20102/new.htm List of Books for Administrators /docs/cd/A97329_02/90200doc_otn/mix.902/q20102/admin.htmList of Books for Application Developers/docs/cd/A97329_02/90200doc_otn/mix.902/q20102/appdev.htmOracle9i Application Server Solutions Oracle9i Application Server Components(1）Solut

4、ion Oracle9iAS ComponentsJ2EE and Internet Applications Oracle HTTP Server ,OracleiAS Containers for J2EE, OracleiAS Web Services, Oracle PL/SQL,Oracle9iAS Forms Services, Oracle XML Developer Kit,Oracle9i Clien Portals Oracle9iAS Portal, Oracle9iAS Portal Developer Kit Wireless Oracle9iAS Wireless

5、Caching Oracle9iAS Web Cache Oracle9i Application Server Components(2)Solution Oracle9iAS ComponentsBusiness IntelligenceOracle9iAS Reports Services ,Oracle9iAS Discoverer, Oracle9iAS Personalization, Oracle9iAS Clickstream IntelligenceE-Business Integration Oracle9iAS InterConnect ，Oracle9iAS Unifi

6、ed essaging，Oracle Internet File SystemManagement and Security Oracle Enterprise Manager， Oracle9iAS SingleSign-On，Oracle Internet Directory，Oracle9iAS Infrastructure J2EE and Internet ApplicationsOracle9iAS 完全基于J2EE架构支持最新的工业标准和编程语言，包括 J2EE API、 XML, and Web services 最全面和最灵活的架构，用户可使用熟悉的编程语言和技术就可以设计、

7、开发和分发动态Web站点、门户和事务应用程序，提供全面的Web servicesSupported Technologies and Programming Languages Java and J2EEXMLPL/SQL JSP ：JavaServer Pages Servlets EJB：Enterprise JavaBeans JDBC ：Java Database Connectivity JTA ：Java Transaction API JNDI ：Java Naming and Directory Interface JMS ：Java Message Service JAAS

8、：Java Authentication and Authorization Service Web Services DOM ：Document Object Model XSLT ：Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations XML Schemas SAX ：Simple API for XML XSQL IDAP ：Internet Data Access Presentation XPath ：XML Path Language SOAP ：Simple Object Access Protocol WSDL ：Web Services

9、 Description Language UDDI ：Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration PL/SQL Server Pages PL/SQL Web Toolkit Oracle Forms Oracle9iAS Containers for J2EE ArchitectureOracle9iAS 容器 OC4JOC4J： Oracle9iAS Container for J2EEOC4J是一个快速的、轻量级的、可伸缩的符合J2EE标准的J2EE容器，运行在标准的Java虚拟机上，包括两个容器：OC4J Web Contsin

10、er Servlet Container JSP TranslatorOC4J EJB ContainerServlet Container工作原理 当一个请求被映射到一个Servlet时，Servlet Container执行如下步骤：如果Servlet不存在，则加载 Servlet类实例化 Servlet类的一个实例初始化 Servlet实例Container 请求 Servlet，传递请求和响应对象，请求对象（request objects）包括客户端信息、请求参数和HTTP头，响应对象(response objects )返回Servlet的输出到客户端。Servlet从客户端提取信息

11、、访问外部资源，然后组装基于那些信息的响应。JSP Translator工作原理JSP Translator包括翻译器和编译器。翻译器把JSP翻译成Java源代码文件，编译器把源文件编译成Java字节代码（.class）文件,使用Java的运行时库在Servlet Container中执行一个Servlet。运行时库包括解释JSP文件中的标签（Tag）和宏的支持文件 ，Servlet Container还提供对Java API和其他服务的访问。当用户从JSP文件（例如http:/host/Hello.jsp）请求一个URL时,其工作步骤如下：Web Server 请求JSP Translato

12、r ，它翻译Hello.jsp 为Hello.java文件。请求Java编译器建立 Hello.class。请求Java运行时库，运行Hello.class如果Hello.class有数据库的请求信息，则Servlet Container提供JDBC访问，是它检索到信息并将结果返回到客户端浏览器。 OC4J EJB Container工作原理EJB Container如何工作依赖于使用那种类型的bean， Container管理一个J2EE应用的bean的执行。对于会话beans（session beans）EJB Container提供与Web Container相同的所有的服务，例如对AP

13、I和虚拟机的访问、事务服务、安全和对EJB方法授权等。对于实体beans（entity beans），它是以永久存储机制来表示商务对象，用户可以选择bean管理它自己的永久存储，即bean-managed persistence (BMP) beans；也可以使用Container管理永久存储，即container-managed persistence (CMP) beans. 。Oracle9iAS Containers for J2EE Supported APIs APIVersionJavaServer Pages(JSP)1.2Java Servlet 2.3Enterprise

14、Java Beans (EJB) 2.0Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) 2.0Java Transaction API (JTA) 1.0Java Message Service (JMS) 1.0JavaMail 1.2JavaBeans Activation Framework 1.0Java API for XML (JAXP 1.1J2EE Connector API 1.0Java Authentication and Authorization Service (JAAS) 1.0What is JSP?（1）JSP:Java Server Pa

15、geSun 公司1999年6月推出的技术，该技术受Sun公司主导，并采用了计算机硬软件、通信、数据库领域等多家厂商意见共同制定的一种基于Java的Web动态网页技术。JSP是一种基于Web服务器端的脚本语言，需要支持JSP的引擎或应用服务器。它包装了Java Servlet系统的界面，简化了Java Servlet的使用难度。使用JSP标签（Tag）提供网页动态执行能力。是一种与硬件平台、操作系统、Web服务器无关的技术。JSP与Servlet的关系：JSP 文件（.JSP） Servlet源代码(.java)Java 可执行代码(.class)ServletJSP translator, J

16、SP engine是翻译、执行和处理JSP页面的实体，并传递请求。根据实现到实现，JSP translator 的体系结构是有变化的，但无论如何变化它是一个或多个Servlet组成。JSP translator是通过servlet container执行的。 What is a Servlet?Servlet是基于Web组件的Java技术，由Servlet Container管理，产生动态网页内容。Servlet是小Java程序，运行在Web Sercer端，与运行在客户浏览器端的Applet不同。 servlets与系统平台无关。Servlets 与 web clients交互是通过 req

17、uest/response 规范由 servlet container实现的。What is a Servlet Container?Containers, sometimes called servlet engines, are web server extensions that provide servlet functionality.The servlet container is a part of a web server or application server .It provides the network services over which requests an

18、d responses are sent, decodes MIME based requests, and formats MIME based responses. A servlet container also contains and manages servlets through their lifecycle.What is EJB?EJB :Enterprise JavaBeans J2EE其中一个引人注目的技术是EJB。它提供了一个架构来开发和配置到客户端的分布式商业逻辑，因此可以明显减少开发扩展性、高度复杂企业应用的难度。EJB规范定义了EJB组件应该如何及何时与它们的容

19、器交互。由容器来负责提供普通的服务，例如目录服务、事务管理、安全、资源池和容错。The component-based application model for Java defined by JavaSoft. It provides most of the system level services such as multi-threading to ease application programming. EJB relies on various standardized enterprise services, such as JNDI, JTS, JDBC, etc. to

20、facilitate application programming and enable EJB objects to be interoperable across various EJB servers.It fulfills the write once, run anywhere paradigmWhat is EJB container?EJB containerThe component coordinator in an EJB application. The one of key EJB runtime components. EJB applicationA framew

21、ork of deploying CORBA objects written in Java, which adhere to the EJB specification.EJB deployment descriptorDD: Deployment DescriptorsA J2EE application and each of its modules has its own deployment descriptor (DD). A DD is an XML text-based file with an .xml extensionIt describes the deployment

22、 settings for a component. For example, an enterprise bean module DD declares transaction attributes and security authorizations for an enterprise bean. DD information is declarative so it can be changed without modifying the bean source code. At runtime, the J2EE server reads the DD and acts on the

23、 component accordinglyEJB DDA serialized object that provides information, such as transaction and security policies, about how an EJB application or object should be deployed.What Is a J2EE Application?J2EE应用程序是由多个J2EE组件组成的，一个J2EE组件是一个自含功能软件单元， J2EE应用程序用这些单元与它相关的类和用于与其它组件通信的XML描述符文件装配而成。 J2EE组件是用JA

24、VA程序语言写的，与用JAVA语言编写的其它程序有相同的编译方法。J2EE分布式多层应用体系结构Oracle9iAS使用了多层分布式应用模型。一个多层分布式应用模型按照功能把一个应用逻辑分成组件，各种构成J2EE应用的各种应用组件可以安装在不同的机器上。图：说明了两层J2EE应用分成了 client, Web, business logic, and enterprise data tiers.J2EE的客户端类型J2EE applications 支持如下两种客户端方式：Application Clients: Applications running on a client machine

25、 that directly access enterprise beans that are running in the business logic tier. Application clients can also open an HTTP connection to establish communication with a servlet running on the Internet tier if a J2EE application requires it. Dynamic HTML and XML Pages: In the context of J2EE applic

26、ations, dynamic HTML and XML pages are generated by servlets or pages created with JavaServer Pages technology running in the Web tier. These pages can be extensions to traditional static HTML pages allowing application developers to offer customized and personalized pages to the J2EE Application 组件

27、类型在J2EE applications使用的组件： Servlets: A servlet is a Java class used to extend the capabilities of servers that host applications accessed through a request-response programming model. JavaServer Pages: JavaServer pages (JSPs) are text files that contain two types of information: static template data

28、, which can be expressed in any text-based format, such as HTML, WML (Wireless Markup Language), or XML, and JSP elements, which construct dynamic content. Enterprise Beans: Enterprise beans are server-side components that encapsulate the business logic of an application. 应用服务器管理员的任务Task1: Determine

29、 Which Oracle9iAS Solutions You RequireTask2: Design Your Application ServerTask3: Install Your Application ServerTask4: Learn to Use the Administration ToolsTask5: Perform Postinstalltion TasksTask6: Configure Your Application ServerTask7: Deploy ApplicationsTask8: Monitor Your Application ServerTa

30、sk9: Back Up Your Application ServerTask10: Reconfigure Your Application Server DesigniAS 安装类型 (1)J2EE and Web Cache: Provides a basic Web server that enables you to develop and deploy Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE) applications, use J2EE and Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) based Web services

31、, accelerate Web site performance, and manage your application server with a Web-based tool.Portal and Wireless: Enables you to deploy enterprise portals and wireless applications. Includes all components available in the J2EE and Web Cache install type.Business Intelligence and Forms: Enables you t

32、o analyze clickstream data, personalize applications, perform data analysis, generate Web-based reports, create Discoverer public connections, configure Discoverer viewer and Discoverer Portlet Provider, and use Forms-based applications. Includes all components available in the Portal and Wireless i

33、nstall type.Unified Messaging: Enables you to integrate different types of messages into a single framework. Includes all of the components available in the Business Intelligence and Forms install type.iAS 安装类型(2)Table : Oracle9iAS Install TypesiASAdministration Tools Oracle Enterprise Manager Web Site Oracle Enterprise Manager Console Using the Console with the Oracle Enterprise Manager Web SiteOracle Enterprise Manager Web siteThe Oracle Enterprise Manager Web s