名词性状语从句语法精讲31张课件

1、名词性从句Nominal adverbial clause名词性状语从句 指的是在主句中起的作用相当于名词的从句，主要包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句主语从句的引导词that引导的主语从句if/whether引导的主语从句连接代词和连接副词引导的主语从句宾语从句的引导词动词的宾语从句介词的宾语从句形容词的宾语从句if/whether的区别宾语从句中不可省略that情况宾语从句的否定转移宾语从句的时态表语从句的引导词表语从句中需要注意的问题同位语从句的引导词同位语从句与定语从句的区别Part 01主语从句subject clause主语从句的引导词

2、在句子中做主语的从句称为主语从句，主语从句的引导词主要有： 从属连词that、whether、if； 连接代词what、who、whose、which、whatever、whoever、whichever等； 连接副词when、where、why、how等。that引导的主语从句that引导的主语从句一般位于句首，有时也用it做形式主语而把that从句后置。that在从句中不做任何成分，也没有实际意义，只起连接作用。eg:That he will come to the party has excited evey one of us. 他要来参加聚会，这使我们每个人都很兴奋That in s

3、ome countries women are still treated unequally is unfair. 在一些国家，妇女依然受到不平等对待是不公平的。It is likely that there will be a snowstorm tomorrow. 明天很可能有一场暴风雪。 It is no wonder that youve achieved so much success. 难怪你取得了这么大的成功。It is reported that the coral reefs are being destroyed. 据报道，珊瑚礁正遭受破坏。【注意】 主语从句位于句首时t

4、hat不可省略，从句位于句尾时that一般也不可省略，但在口语中偶尔可以省略。It has been decided （that) they should start the project next month.if/whether引导的状语从句if/whether引导主语从句时不在从句中做成分，但表示疑问意义。whether引导的主语从句可置于句首，但if引导的主语从句时只能用it作形式主语，而把从句放在句末。eg:Whetherhecancometothepartyontimedependsonthetraffic.（It dependsonthetraffic Whether/ifhe

5、cancometothepartyontime) 他是否能准时来参加聚会取决于交通状况Whetherhewillcomeisnotclear.(It is not clear Whether/ifhewillcome) 他是否会来还不清楚。It is unclear whether/if he likes the present. 他是不是喜欢那个礼物还不清楚。 连接代词和连接副词引导的主语从句连接代词（what、who、whose、which、whatever、whoever、whichever等）或连接副词（when、where、why、how等）引导主语从句时要在从句中作一定的成分，且表

6、示一定的意义。一般连接词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。eg:What struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son. (连接代词what在从句中作宾语） 影片中最打动我的是父亲对他儿子深深的爱。Who will be in charge of the project hasnt been decided yet. (连接代词who在从句中作主语） 谁来负责这项工程还没决定. when the new road is open to traffic has not been make clear. (

7、连接副词when在从句中作状语） 这条公路什么时候开通还不清楚。连接代词what、who、whose、which、whatever、whoever、whichever主语，宾语，表语，定语连接副词when、where、why、how状语Conjunctions Of Noun Clauses EXERCISE1. The Foreign Minister said, “It is our hope _ the two sides will work towards peace.”2. _ is to be sent there to solve the problem hasnt been d

8、ecided.3. It is a fact _ English is being accepted as an international language高考链接1. _ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. (上海 2002 春)A. What B. That C. This D. Which3. If he can finish his task on time is of great importance.4. _ well go ca

9、mping tomorrow depends on the weather. (NMET 1996)A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where6. Whatever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.thatthat Bwhether BWhowhoeverPart 02宾语从句Object clause宾语从句的引导词在句子中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句的引导词有：从属连词that、whether、if；连接代词who、whom、whose、what、which、whoever、whomeve

10、r、whosever、whatever、whichever等；连接副词when、where、why、how、whenever、wherever、however等。动词的宾语从句大多数及物动词可以带宾语从句，有些短语动词也可带宾语从句。宾语从句有时用宾语it代替（尤其是宾语后有补足语时），而将从句后置。that引导宾语从句时一般可省略。eg.He told us（that）they would help us through the whole work. 他告诉我们在整个工作中,他都会帮忙的.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot wat

11、er every day . 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.I feel it a pity （that） I havent been to the get-together. 我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.He didnt tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.【特别提示】有些动词如：appreciate hate take owe have. see to，等后跟宾语从句时要先在从句前

12、加it。 eg.Please see to it that the children go to bed by 9 oclock. 请务必使孩子们在九点之前上床睡觉若宾语从句由wh-引导，其后有to be短语作宾语补足语时，则不可用it替代. eg.we all consider what you said that to be unbelievable.(） 我们都认为你所说的是不可信的。 we all consider it to be unbelievable what you said.(）介词的宾语从句一般情况下介词后不跟That，if引导的从句，只能跟wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句。

13、eg.we are taking about whether we admit students into our club. 我们正讨论是否允许学生加入我们的俱乐部。Kate was interested in what she had seen at the exhibition. 凯特对她在展览上看到的东西很感兴趣。【特别提示】that引导的从句作介词宾语时，需要用形式宾语it替代，然后将that从句放在最后。 eg.You may depend on it that I shall always help you。 你要相信我，我会一直帮助你的。形容词的宾语从句sure, certai

14、n，glad，pleased、 happy，afraid, surprised, satisfied, sorry等表示情感的形容词后的从句常被视为宾语从句。eg.Im not sure whether they will agree with us. 我不确定他们是否会同意我们的意见。Im satisfied that theyre telling the truth. 我很满意他们讲的是真话。Hes happy that shed come. 他很高兴她要来了。Im extremely sorry that I have troubled you so much. 我非常抱歉给您带来了这么

15、多麻烦。if和whether的区别1.在介词之后用whether:eg. IminterestedinwhetherhelikesEnglish 我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。 Werethinkingaboutwhetherwecanfinishtheworkontime 我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings 我担心是否伤了她的感情。2.有些动词如discuss、decide后的宾语从句常用whether引导： eg.The old lady hasnt decided whether she will live with he

16、r daughter in the city. 那位老妇人还没有决定是否要和女儿一起住在城里。We are now discussing whether we should cooperate with these three companies. 我们现在正在讨论是否应该与这三家公司合作。3.与ornot连用时,一般用whether不用if：eg.Letmeknowwhetherornothewillcome. 让我知道他是否能来。 Idontknowwhetherornothedoesanywashing. 我不知道他在家洗不洗衣服。 if和whether的区别4.宾语从句放在句首表示强调

17、时,只能用whether。eg.Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem. 他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。5.在容易产生歧义的句子中，常用whether引导宾语从句，而不用ifeg.Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryoulikethebook 请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。 （如果改为 Ifyoulikethebook，pleaseletmeknow. 则可理解为：你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。两种意思容易产生歧义。)宾语从句中不可省略that的情况1. 在explain、agree等动词引导宾语从句时

18、,that不省略.eg. He explained that the film was difficult to make. 他解释说这部电影很难制作。Nowadays most people agree that a good pub is one of our best traditions. 如今大多数人都赞同一家好的小酒馆就是我们最好的传统之一。2.在“主语+动词+it（作形式宾语）+宾语补足语+that从句（作真正宾语） ”这种句型中，that 不能省略。eg.【误】We all considered it a pity you could not come with us. 【正】

19、We all considered it a pity that you could not come with us. 你不能跟我们来，我们都觉得好可惜。3.主句谓语动词与宾语从句之间有插入语时，that 不能省略。eg. We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us. 恰恰相反，我们希望他和我们呆在家里。(这里的 on the contrary 是插入语)that引导宾语从句时一般情况下可以省略，但在下列情况中一般不省略。宾语从句中不可省略that的情况4.如果宾语从句前面有间接宾语，that 不能省略。eg. He

20、 told me that he was ill in bed. 他告诉我他卧病在床。(这里的 me 是间接宾语)5.宾语从句中的状语置于该从句句首时，that 不能省略。eg.That he will come, I believe. 我相信他会来。 He told us that， if we could all come to help out, the whole situation would be looking up. 他告诉我们说，如果我们能够全部来帮忙，整个局势将会好转。6.宾语从句较长时，that不能省略。eg. We all think that what the pub

21、lic is badly in need of is nothing but the development of economy. 我们都认为公众所急需的只是经济的发展。7.主句中的状语置于宾语从句之前时，that不能省略。eg. I realized at once that I had done wrong immediately he told me all about this. 他一告诉我所有的事情，我立刻就意识到我做错了。宾语从句中不可省略that的情况8.动词带有多个并列的that引导的宾语从句时，除第一个that外，其余的that均不能省略。eg. when Marx arr

22、ived in England，he found，However, that his English was so limited that he could not go on with his daily affairs. 然而，当马克思到达英国时，他发现他的英语很有限以至于不能继续他的日常事务。9宾语从句的主语是this，that或有this，that修饰时，that不能省略。eg.Some people think that the part of Scotland with its lakes and mountains is more beautiful than the West

23、 of England. 有人认为苏格兰有湖有山的这一部分比英格兰的西部更美丽。10.引述动词把直接引语中的主句与宾语从句隔开时，that不能省略。eg. Im extremely sorry to tell you“ The man said, “that you missed the last bus once again. 那个男子说道：“我非常遗憾的告诉你，你又错过了最后一班车”宾语从句中不可省略that的情况11.宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或从句时，that不能省略。eg.My mother told me that understanding your own needs and

24、styles of communication was as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions. 妈妈告诉我，明白自己的需求与沟通方式和学会表达爱和情绪同等重要。12.主句中的谓语动词是固定短语时，that不能省略。eg. l made up my mind that I would study hard. 我下定决心好好学习。宾语从句的否定转移eg. I dont think they will stick out to the last minute. 我认为他们不会坚持到最后一分钟的。 I dont s

25、uppose thats his fault. 我认为那不是他的过错。主句谓语动词是think、believe、imagine、suppose、consider、expect、fancy、guess等时，从句的否定要转移到主句上来。翻译时否定意义体现在从句上。宾语从句的时态1.主句如果是现在时或将来时，从句可用除过去完成时、过去完成进行时以外任何所需要的时态。eg.I know he didnt tell you that he would come then. 我知道他没告诉你他那时将要来。I will let you know whether I will come or not dire

26、ctly I check my schedule. 一核实完我的安排，我就告诉你我是否来。2.主句如果是过去时态，从句一般要用过去的某种时态.eg.I only knew he was the studying in a western country, but I didnt know what country he was in. 我只知道他当时在一个西方的国家学习，可不知道是哪个国家。He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already. 他告诉我他已经把会议的事告诉了玛丽。宾语从句的时态常常受到主句的时态的影响，因而在使用

27、时要注意主句与从句两部分的时态保持一致。【特别提示】宾语从句表示客观事实和真理时，无论主句使用何种时态，从句都用一般现在时。 eg. The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 老师告诉我们光速比声速快。 He told me his sister is ten years older than him. 他告诉我他姐姐比他大十岁。Part 03表语从句Predicative Clause表语从句的引导词在句中作表语的从句称为表语，从句表语从句的引导词主要有： 连词 that、 whether、 because、 as i

28、f/ though 等； 连接代词 who、 whom 、whose、 what、 which、 whoever、 whomever、 whosever、 whatever、 whichever等； 连接副词 when、 where、why、 how、 whenever、wherever、 however等。表语从句的引导词eg. This reason why you lost the game is that you lack confidence in yourself. 你输掉比赛的原因是你对自己缺乏信心。 The question is whether we can reduce i

29、s the cost of the product. 问题是我们能否降低产品的成本。 The doubt is who has got away with the document. 疑点就是谁拿走了文件。 Actually, girls can be whatever they want to be just like boys, whether it is pilot, an astronaut or a manager. 实际上女孩子可以和男孩子一样，想从事什么职业就从事什么职业不管是飞行员，宇航员还是经理。 That was where we camped last time. 那就是

30、上次我们野营的地方。【特别提示】除连系动词be以外，连系动词seem、 look、 appear、 sound等后也常出现as if/though引导的表语从句。eg. It sounds as if you are from the south of the US. 听起来你好像来自美国南部。 It seems as if she had done a great thing. 看起来她好像做了一件大事。表语从句中需要注意的问题1.主语为名词reason时，表语从句的引导词要用that，一般不用why或because。eg.The reason for such a serious acci

31、dent is that the driver was drunk. 这么严重的交通事故是由于司机醉酒驾驶造成的。2.主句主语是advice、 suggestion、order 、request、 requirement等名词时表语从句的谓语动词常用“（should）动词原形”形式.eg.My suggestion is that we（should）have a discussion about this matter instead of just laying it a side. 我的建议就是我们应当讨论一下这个问题，而不应把它放在一边。 The captains order was

32、that we （should）start out immediately it got down. 船长的命令是天一亮我们就出发。Part 04同位语从句Appositive clause同位语从句的引导词同位语从句是用以解释、说明某一名词的内容和实质的从句。同位语从句在句中的作用等同于其前的名词。常用的的引导词有that、 whether、 why、 who、 where、 how、when等。在同位语从句中，that, whether不作句子成分。that无实义，whether意为“是否”，if不能引导同位语从句。eg. The fact that some countries are

33、still suffering from poverty is really a big problem to the world. 有一些国家仍然贫穷这一事实对整个世界来说是一个大问题。 The question why so many people would choose to live in the countryside but the work is the city is still under discussion. 人们仍然在讨论为什么有如此多的人愿意在乡下居住而到城里上班这个问题。 【特别提示】后面可跟同位语从句的名词常用的有：advice 建议 belief 信念，信心

34、doubt 怀疑 explanation 解释 fear 害怕 fact 事实 hope 希望 idea 想法，主意 news 新闻，消息 order 命令 opinion 观点 promise 承诺 eg. He kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucy to make sure of her happiness. 他遵守了他愿意为露西做一切事情来保证她的幸福这一诺言。 The study raises the possibility that dieting is bad for your hea

35、lthy. 那项研究指出节食可能损害健康。practicewhat解析：that与what之间的错用what在名词性从句中可作主语、宾语或表语；而that本身没有意义，不作任何成分，只起连接作用。1.(2016.银川二中一模) For one thing, that you are studying is badly needed nowadays in our country. 2.(2016.山东师大附中模拟)There is no doubt whether it is of great help to their study and future life. thatthat解析：从属连词that与whether/if之间的错用that不作成分，没有实际意义；whether/if也不作成分但有实际意义，有“是否”之意。2.(2016.遵义航天高级中学模拟)And you should also have a