英汉互译增译法及省译法解析课件

1、 By amplification we mean supplying necessary words in our translation work so as to make the version correct and clear, to make it more like the language translated into. Of course words thus supplied must be indispensable either syntactically or semantically. In other words, a translator is not su

2、pposed to add any meaning to the original. 3.3 Amplification (增译法) 1第1页，共33页。There are two kinds: 1)Words for syntactic constructionto secure correctness, 2)Words supplied for semantic completionto secure clearness. Both aim at making the version expressive and readily understood by the reader.2第2页，

3、共33页。1、增加动词1). Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记（写作）使人准确。2) . We dont regret, we never have and never will.我们不会后悔，我们从来没有后悔过，我们将来也不会后悔。3). After the basketball, he still has an important conference.看完篮球比赛之后，他还有一个重要会议要参加。3第3页，共33页。2. 增加形容词或副词1

4、). With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism!中国人民正以多么高的热情建设社会主义啊！人群渐渐散开了。2). The crowds melted away.他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝地讲个没完。3). As he sat down and began talking, words poured out.4第4页，共33页。4). She lingered long over his letter. 5). In the films of those days, all too often it was th

5、e same one: boy tractor driver meets girl tractor driver; they fall in love and drive tractor together. 在那时候的电影里，总是老一套：男拖拉机手和女拖拉机手始而相遇，继而相爱，终而并肩开拖拉机了。她反反复复地回味着他的来信。5第5页，共33页。玛丽的丈夫癌症去世后，就靠洗衣服维持生活。2). Mary washed for a living after her husband died of cancer.3). He ate and drank, for he was exhausted.

6、他吃了 点东西，喝了点酒，因为他疲惫不堪了。3. 增加名词1). First you borrow, then you beg. 头一遭借钱，下一遭就讨饭。6第6页，共33页。4). That black jacket is indeed cheap and fine. 那件黑夹克真是价廉物美。5). He was wrinkled and black, with scant gray hair.他满脸皱纹，皮肤黝黑，头发灰白稀疏。6). A new kind of carsmall, cheapis attracting increasing attention.一种新型轿车正越来越引起人们

7、的注意这种轿车体积小，价钱便宜。7第7页，共33页。8). His arrogance made everyone dislike him.他的傲慢态度使谁也不喜欢他。9). After all preparations were made, the planes were flown across the U.S. to San Francisco.一切准备工作就绪以后， 飞机就飞越美国去了旧金山。由例8 、9可以看出， 某些动词或形容词派生来的抽象名词，翻译时可以根据上下文在其后面增添适当的名词，使译文更符合规范。 又如：8第8页，共33页。to persuade 说服 persuasio

8、n说服工作to prepare 准备 preparation准备工作backward 落后 backwardness落后状态tense 紧张 tension紧张局势arrogant 自满 arrogance自满情绪mad 疯狂 madness 疯狂行为antagonistic敌对 antagonism 敌对态度9第9页，共33页。4. 增加代词1). 小不忍则乱大谋。If one is not patient in small thing, one will never be able to control great ventures.2). 交出翻译之前，必须读几遍，看看有没有要修改的地方

9、，这样你才能把工作做好。（钟述孔英汉翻译手册） Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only thus can you do your work well. (Zhong Shukong, A Handbook of Translation)10第10页，共33页。He who makes no investigation and study has n

10、o right to speak. 3). 没有调查就没有发言权。当然了，例还可以认为是增补主语“he”。又如：“又要马儿跑得快, 又要马儿不吃草, 简直可笑。”You want the horse to run fast and yet you dont let it graze. Isnt it ridiculous! Dont put your hands in your pockets.4). 别把手搁在口袋里。11第11页，共33页。5). 一天天冷起来了。It is getting colder day by day.6) 尝试而失败还是比不尝试好。It is better to

11、try and fail than never try at all.7). 你三星期完成这项设计不容易。It was not easy for you to finish this design in three weeks.8). 把钟拆开比把它装起来容易。It is easier to take a clock apart than to put it together again.12第12页，共33页。5、增加语气词或量词 汉语有许多语气助词，如“的”、“吧”、“呢”、“啊”、“呀”、“嘛”、“吗”、“啦”、“了”不同的语气词可以发挥不同的作用，英汉互译时需用心体验，以期译出从意义和

12、修辞色彩等都符合的译文。同时，英语中的数词（包括不定冠词a）与可数名词直接连用，它们之间并无量词，而汉语往往要借助量词。因此英译汉时，应根据实际情况恰当地增加表示其形状、特征或材料的名量词。 不要生气嘛！我不过开开玩笑罢了。1). Dont get angry. Im just making fun of you.13第13页，共33页。3). They (the eyes) were the same colour as the sea, cheerful and undefeated.2). As for me, I didnt agree from the very beginning.

13、我呢，从一开始就不赞成。那双眼睛啊，像海水一样的蓝，令人愉快，毫不沮丧4). A red sun is rising slowly on the horizon.一轮红日正从地平线上冉冉升起。14第14页，共33页。5). A stream was winding its way through the valley in into the Dadu river.一弯溪水蜿蜒流过山谷，汇合到大渡河去了。6）This too was a complicate lie. 这也纯粹是一派胡言。7). Once, they had a quarrel.有一次，他们争吵了一番。15第15页，共33页。从

14、例7、8、9可见，英语中有些动词或动作名词，译成汉语时常需增加一些表示行为、动作的动量词。又如：have a rest 休息一下; make a stop停一下.8). Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。9). The essence remains its identity while appearances may vary.万变不离其宗。16第16页，共33页。White clouds float over the blue sky.Can you manage without help? I dare say that the Chinese way of refo

15、rms is more characteristic and effective than others.In general, all the metals are good conductors, with silver the best and copper the second.Dont be weaving.He was wrinkled and black, with scant gray hair.“ How shall I do it?” “Just as you wish!” He felt the patriot rise within his breast.17第17页，

16、共33页。蓝蓝的天上漂浮着朵朵白云。如果没有人帮忙， 你能应付的了吗？我认为， 中国的改革方式比别国的改革方式更富有特色、更卓有成效。一般说来， 金属都是良好的导体，其中以银为最好，铜次之。18第18页，共33页。5. 不要三心二意。6. 他满脸皱纹，皮肤黝黑，头发灰白稀疏。7. 这事儿我该怎么办才好？你想怎么办，就怎么办。8. 他感到一种爱国热情在心中荡漾。19第19页，共33页。 Opposite to the principle of amplification, omission is however not contradictory to it. On contrary, omis

17、sion supplementary to amplification, omits what is considered necessary and indispensable in English may be deemed useless, superfluous and even encumbrance. This principal makes the version brief, concise and clear. For example, 3.4 Omission (省译法) 20第20页，共33页。1). A book is useful. 书（是）有用（的）。 2). Th

18、e earth goes around the sun. 地球绕太阳转。 3). On Sundays we have no school. 礼拜天我们不上课。21第21页，共33页。1. 省略代词 英语中通常每句都有主语。但根据汉语习惯，但前句出现一个主语且后句仍为同一主语时，后句主语一般省掉。如：1).He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable.他消瘦而憔悴，看上去一副可怜相。2). We live and learn.活到老，学到老。22第22页，共33页。3). Everywhere you can find new types of

19、 men and objects in new Campus.新校区处处可以看到新人、新事物。4). If you give him an inch, he will take a mile.得寸进尺。23第23页，共33页。5). I have received your letter and read it with delight.我收到了你的信，愉快地读了。6)有条件要上；没有条件，创造条件也要上。When conditions exist, go ahead; when they dont, create them and go ahead.24第24页，共33页。 解说：例4、5、

20、6汉译时常把英语中作宾语的代词省掉。尤其是例4，省略了做主语的代词，宾语的代词，连句中的连词 “if” 也省略了，但思想内容却丝毫未变，可谓形神皆备。而下面的例子（7、8）却恰当地省略了物主代词。7). I wash my face in the morning.我早上洗脸。8). He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said nothing.他耸耸肩，摇摇头，两眼看天，一句话不说。25第25页，共33页。2. 省略连词 我们在讨论增译法时，提到“汉语语言精炼，并列连词较少使用，其上下逻辑关系常常是暗

21、含的，由词语顺序来表示。但译为英语时，需要增补。证实了英语是形合语言，汉语是意合语言的命题。”相反，把英语译成汉语时，很多情况则需省略连词。如：1). 26第26页，共33页。He looked gloomy and troubled. （表并列）他看上去有些忧愁不安。2). As the temperature increase, the volume of water becomes greater. （表原因） 温度升高，水的体积就增大。27第27页，共33页。3). We knew winter vocation was coming as (because) we had seen

22、the big stone in the River. （表原因）（我们）看见了河里大石头，就知道寒假要来了。4). If winter comes, can spring be far behind? （表条件） 冬天来了，春天还会远吗？5). When it is dark in the east, it is light in the west; when things are dark in the south there is still light in the north. （表时间） 东方不亮西方亮，黑了南方有北方。28第28页，共33页。3. 省略前置词（介词） 一般说来， 表示时间和地点的英语前置词，译成汉语如出现在句首，大都可以省略，出现在句尾时大都不省。如：1). The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949.一九四九年中华人民共和国成立。比较：中华人民共和国成立于一九四九年。29第29页，共33页。2). In July, 1956, Egypt had seized the Suez Canal. 一九五六年七月，埃及占领了苏伊士运河。 比较：埃及